scholarly journals Response Surface Optimization of Fixed Bed Adsorption of Cr+6 Onto Low-cost Adsorbent

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 632-639
Author(s):  
Padmaja Megham ◽  
R Bhavani
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
P Value ◽  
Response Surface Optimization ◽  
Shrimp Shell ◽  
Fixed Bed Adsorption ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Shrimp Shell Waste

The paper emphasizes the removal ofChromium from tanning industryeffluent using adsorption as a cost effective option. The essential source of contamination identified from variable amounts of liquid discharges was Chromium (Cr+6). A column study was carried out using Shrimp shell waste (SSW) as an adsorbent in the removal of Cr+6 ion from synthetic solutions. Operational factors such as the size of adsorbent, bed depthand compared their adsorption capacities thereof. For a given size, the adsorption capacity increased by a reduction in the amount of Chromium. TheCr+6removal based on adsorbent size was in the order: 150 microns> 300 microns> 600 microns.The experimental data was optimized and modelled using Response Surface method, and a 23 factorial Central composite design (CCD) was applied, and the data was analyzed for ANOVA. A P-Value<0.005 indicated that the probability of the experimental results was significant.

scholarly journals Damping Pressure Pulsations in a Wave-Powered Desalination System

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon J. Hopkins ◽  
Nikhil Padhye ◽  
Alison Greenlee ◽  
James Torres ◽  
Levon Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Pressure Pulsations ◽  
Pressure Flow ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Elastic Pipes

Wave-driven reverse osmosis desalination systems can be a cost-effective option for providing a safe and reliable source of drinking water for large coastal communities. Such systems usually require the stabilization of pulsating pressures for desalination purposes. The key challenge is to convert a fluctuating pressure flow into a constant pressure flow. To address this task, stub-filters, accumulators, and radially elastic-pipes are considered for smoothing the pressure fluctuations in the flow. An analytical model for fluidic capacitance of accumulators and elastic pipes are derived and verified. Commercially available accumulators in combination with essentially rigid (and low cost) piping are found to be a cost-effective solution for this application, and a model for selecting accumulators with the required fluidic-capacitance for the intended system is thus presented.

scholarly journals Combining Response Surface Optimization and Stochastic Analysis for Crashworthiness Design – an Introductory Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars A. Fredriksson ◽  
Uwe Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Stochastic Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Explicit Finite Element ◽  
Transient Dynamic ◽  
Response Surface Optimization ◽  
Safety Margins

Objective of the design process are cost effective designs that meet certain expectations with respect to functionality and appearance. Designs are created in an iterative process where analyses of the structural behavior lead to changes in the design. The use of optimization technology makes design changes to be driven directly by analysis results. The application of optimization allows an efficient search for the right combination of design variables for a certain design. Additional use of stochastic methods in order to analyze the design from a statistical standpoint adds robustness to the design and prevents unpleasant surprises in later physical testing.This paper discusses methodology to optimize structures that undergo impact loading. Objective and constraints are transient dynamic responses. The optimization problem is solved using a sequential response surface method. An explicit finite element code is used to solve the transient dynamic problem. The optimization is not performed on results from single simulations but on statistical results from a stochastic analysis. The stochastic analysis is driven using a Monte Carlo method. Commercial software is used for the implementation of the methodology.The results from the study indicate that a combination of optimization and stochastic analysis can add safety margins to a design with respect to robustness against physical errors in the design itself and against changes in load levels and load cases. However, this initial study must be followed up by more in-depth investigations to fully understand the benefits of combined optimization-stochastic analysis.

scholarly journals Potential of Araucaria angustifolia bark as adsorbent to remove Gentian Violet dye from aqueous effluents

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1693-1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordana Georgin ◽  
Fernanda Caroline Drumm ◽  
Patrícia Grassi ◽  
Dison Franco ◽  
Daniel Allasia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gentian Violet ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Fixed Bed Adsorption ◽  
Aqueous Effluents ◽  
Equilibrium Data

Abstract Araucaria angustifolia bark (AA-bark), a waste generated in wood processing, was evaluated as a potential adsorbent to remove Gentian Violet (GV) dye from aqueous solutions. The AA-bark presented an amorphous structure with irregular surface and was composed mainly of lignin and holocellulose. These characteristics indicated that the adsorbent contains available sites to accommodate the dye molecules. The GV adsorption on AA-bark was favored at pH 8.0 with adsorbent dosage of 0.80 g L−1. Pseudo-nth order model was adequate to represent the adsorption kinetics of GV on AA-bark. A fast adsorption rate was verified, with the equilibrium being attained within 30 min. Equilibrium data were well represented by the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity was 305.3 mg g−1. Adsorption was spontaneous, favorable and endothermic. AA-bark was able to treat a simulated dye house effluent, reaching color removal values of 80%. An excellent performance was found in fixed bed experiments, where the length of the mass transfer zone was only 5.38 cm and the breakthrough time was 138.5 h. AA-bark can be regenerated two times using HNO3 0.5 mol L−1. AA-bark can be used as a low-cost material to treat colored effluents in batch and fixed bed adsorption systems.

Removal of VOCs Using Sludge-Based Adsorbents

2012 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Fang ◽  
Chao Ping Cen ◽  
Hong Tao Zhang ◽  
Zi Jun Tang ◽  
Ding Sheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Dynamic Adsorption ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption ◽  
Isotherm Equations

Efficient and cost-effective sludge-based adsorbents were developed and the adsorption of VOCs on the sludge-based adsorbents was studied in a fixed bed reactor. The results indicate that the adsorption of VOCs on sludge-based adsorbents is typical physical adsorption, the dynamic adsorption capacity of VOCs on adsorbents sharply increases as the VOCs concentration is increased at first, then increasing gradually, at last retains stable with the change of VOCs concentration. The dynamic adsorption capacity of sludge-based adsorbents for VOCs is O-Xylene > Butylcetate > Toluene > Ethylacetate > Benzene > Propanone > n-Hexane, the maximum dynamic adsorption capacity is 0.247, 0.225, 0.192, 0.186, 0.180, 0.176, 0.133g/g, respectively. Meanwhile the adsorption of VOCs on sludge-based adsorbents corresponds to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equations. The sludge-based adsorbent is a low-cost alternative to activated carbon for VOCs treatment, and this technology is a promising method for the VOCs removal.

scholarly journals Sugarcane Bagasse as an Efficient Biosorbent for Methylene Blue Removal: Kinetics, Isotherms and Thermodynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaisa Caroline Andrade Siqueira ◽  
Isabella Zanette da Silva ◽  
Andressa Jenifer Rubio ◽  
Rosângela Bergamasco ◽  
Francielli Gasparotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Isotherms And Thermodynamics

Adsorption in biomass has proven to be a cost-effective option for treatment of wastewater containing dyes and other pollutants, as it is a simple and low cost technique and does not require high initial investments. The present work aimed to study the adsorption of methylene blue dye (MB) using sugarcane bagasse (SCB). The biomass was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adsorption studies were conducted batchwise. Kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and thermodynamics were studied. The results showed that SCB presented a maximum adsorption capacity of 9.41 mg g−1 at 45 °C after 24 h of contact time. Adsorption kinetics data better fitted the pseudo-second order model, indicating a chemical process was involved. The Sips’s three-parameter isotherm model was better for adjusting the data obtained for the adsorption isotherms, indicating a heterogeneous adsorption process. The process showed to be endothermic, spontaneous, and feasible. Therefore, it was concluded that SCB presented as a potential biosorbent material for the treatment of MB-contaminated waters.

Response Surface Optimization in Discharge Printing of Denim Using Potassium Permanganate as Oxidative Agent

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amna Siddique ◽  
Tanveer Hussain ◽  
Waseem Ibrahim ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali Raza ◽  
Sharjeel Abid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Response Surface Optimization ◽  
Denim Fabric ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Good Agreement

The present study was carried out to optimize discharge printing process for fashionable denim garments. Response surface methodology, involving a central composite design with three key factors, namely, potassium permanganate (KMnO4) concentration, pH of the printing paste, and reaction time, was successfully employed. The objective of this work was to develop a cost-effective, value-added process for denim fabric, where losses in tensile and tear strengths were to be minimized, while whiteness effect of discharge was to be maximized. The optimum conditions for discharge printing with potassium permanganate were found to be pH 6, KMnO4 concentration of 42 g/kg, and treatment time of 15 min. The validity of experimental values was found to be in good agreement with optimized combination of three variables.

Response Surface Optimization of Deproteinization from Shrimp Shell by Pepsin

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 3999-4003
Author(s):  
Jing Xuan Gou ◽  
Wen Bin Dong ◽  
Qiao Zeng ◽  
Yong Ding
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Optimal Process ◽  
Response Surface Optimization ◽  
Shrimp Shell ◽  
Catalytic Condition ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Shell Powder

For the purpose of establishing a method of deprotein from the shrimp shell powder that is ready to prepare chitin by pepsin, which is a environment more friendly method compare to the other traditional methods. One factor experiment was applied to study the optimal deproteinization conditions., The data of one factor experiments indicates that the proper catalytic condition might be as follows, pH1.5, temperature 35°C, enzyme dose 500U/g, and the process time 4 hours, take the cost of production into account. On the basis of these results, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the optimal process conditions, the data indicates that the optimal condition occurs at 700 U/g, 36.09°C, and 5 hours, and the maximum deproteinization rate approaches 8.47%.

scholarly journals Effect of Addition of PVA/PG to Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion Kojic Monooleate Formulation on Droplet Size: Three-Factors Response Surface Optimization and Characterization

Cosmetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Nur Farzana Jaslina ◽  
Nur Hana Faujan ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽  
Siti Efliza Ashari
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
P Value ◽  
Film System ◽  
Thin Film System ◽  
Response Surface Optimization ◽  
Oil In Water

An oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsion formulation containing kojic monooleate (KMO) in thin film system was developed. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize and analyzed the effect of three variables, namely concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (20–30% w/w), concentration of propylene glycol (PG) (1–10% w/w), and shear rate of high shear homogenizer (3000–9000 rpm) on droplet size as a response, while other compositions remained constant such as KMO (10.0% w/w), Tween 80 (3.19% w/w), castor oil (3.74% w/w), xanthan gum (0.70% w/w), and germall plus (0.7% w/w, PG (and) diazolidinyl urea (and) iodopropynyl butylcarbamate). The optimized KMO nanoemulsion formulation with desirable criteria was PVA (27.61% w/w) and PG (1.05% w/w), and shear rate (8656.17 rpm) with a predicted droplet size (110.21 nm) and actual droplet size (105.93 nm) with a residual standard error (RSE) of less than 2.0% was obtained. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the fitness of the quadratic polynomial fit the experimental data with a F-value of 65.30, p–value of p < 0.0001, and a non-significant lack-of-fit. The optimized KMO formulation shows the desired criteria of the thin film system and the physicochemical properties (Zeta potential −37.37 mV, PDI 0.13, pH 4.74) and stability at four different conditions indicate its suitability for cosmeceutical applications.

In-situ cost-effective synthesis of zeolite A in Al2O3–SiO2 glass fibers for fixed bed adsorption of Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+

Adsorption ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia M. M. França ◽  
Raquel A. Bessa ◽  
Edipo S. Oliveira ◽  
Marcos V. M. Nascimento ◽  
Francisco M. T. Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
Sio2 Glass ◽  
Fixed Bed Adsorption ◽  
Effective Synthesis
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