scholarly journals Assessment of Leachate contaminated Groundwater Quality near Mandur Solid Waste Dumping Site, Bangalore

2020 ◽  
pp. 194-203
Author(s):  
RaviKumar P ◽  
Shridhar D. M ◽  
Prakash K. L
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Groundwater samples along with leachate were collected randomly around the municipal solid waste dumping at Mandur village, Bangalore. All the collected samples were analysed for physico-chemical parameters like pH, hardness, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, phosphate using Standard APHA methods during April 2018 (pre-monsoon period). It is apparent from the results that 25.93, 33.34, 14.82 and 81.48 % of groundwater samples respectively recorded higher electrical conductivity (EC ≥ 1000 μS/cm), total dissolved solids ( TDS ≥ 500 mg/L), total hardness (TH ≥ 600 mg/L) and nitrate (NO3 ≥ 45 mg/L), attributed to an interaction between the leachate and the groundwater samples near the core zone. Remaining parameters were well below their respective drinking water quality standard limit.s The Sodium absorption ratio (SAR), Residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and percent sodium values illustrated the suitability of groundwater samples for agricultural practices. Though cluster analysis specified some sort of interaction to exist between leachate and few groundwater samples, analytical outcome of groundwater quality were against such interaction. Average concentration for various parameters in ground water samples were not much affected with leachate interaction. The unsuitability of groundwater for drinking purpose, removal of excess concentration and artificial recharge of groundwater by rainwater harvesting methods could reduce the groundwater pollution level.

scholarly journals A Study of Groundwater Characteristics by Using of Groundwater Quality Index and Pollution Index in Zubair District, Basra Province, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Ammar S. Dawood ◽  
Mushtak T. Jabbar ◽  
Mudhar H. Gatea ◽  
Hayfaa J. Al-Tameemi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Groundwater Quality Index ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Abstract The present work evaluated the groundwater quality index (GWQI) depending on some physicochemical analyses of thirteen groundwater samples in the Zubair district in Basra Province, Iraq. The collected groundwater samples were subjected to an extensive physicochemical analysis to evaluate the characteristics of water for drinking purpose according to Iraqi standard. For calculating the (GWQI), twelve water quality parameters were considered; turbidity, pH, chloride, total dissolved solids, total hardness (TH), electrical conductivity (EC), sodium, sulphate, phosphate, calcium, nitrate, and magnesium. The analysis of the results reveals that all the samples surpassed the portability of drinking water limits. High values of the (GWQI) in the obtained groundwater samples could possibly be caused by the higher values of electrical conductivity, total hardness, chloride, total dissolved solids and sodium within the groundwater. The calculated GWQI values ranged from 73.36 to 595.92. The pollution index (PI) was calculated for the study area with values ranged from 2.97 to 8.26. Correlation coefficients amongst the chosen water parameters exhibited some strong relationships. Finally, the analysis shows that the groundwater in this particular area needs to be treated before its consumption, and in addition, it usually needs to avoid the hazard of contamination. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) indicate that the acquiring-data from groundwater samples are explained 90.5 % of the variance in the data with a four-component system that explains a large portion of the total variance of collected data.

scholarly journals Hydrochemistry of Groundwater in Northeast Part of Anbar Governorate – West of Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 0088
Author(s):  
Hussein Ilaibi Zamil Al-Sudani
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Hydrochemical Parameters ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Geological Formation ◽  
Continental Origin

A groundwater quality assessment has been carried out in northeast part of Anbar governorate in western Iraq. We analyzed hydrochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids presence of ions to describe groundwater quality. The study area has the only confined aquifer within the geological formation extended in area. Values of groundwater hydrochemical parameters were ranged from (7) to (7.9) for ph, (1599) to (6800) µmhos/cm for electrical conductivity (EC) and (1048) to (4446) mg/l for total dissolved solids (TDS). The origins and types of groundwater in the area were of marine origin and MgCl2 water type while only (6) samples were of continental origin and Na2SO4 water type. Groundwater utilization indicated that it can't be used for drinking purposes, while few groundwater wells can be used for agricultural and (33) groundwater samples can be used for animal purposes. However, the nature of the soil in the area and the depth of the groundwater qualified water for agricultural uses in significant and wide ranges.

scholarly journals HYDROCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER OF EUPHRATES AQUIFER IN ANAH, WESTERN IRAQ FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2C) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Muhammeed Jummah
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Piper Diagram ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Sodium Percentage

Groundwater quality is of prime importance in determining its suitability for various human activity such as irrigation, therefore, groundwater samples are collected from selective wells in Anah city and subjected to hydrochemical analysis in order to measure the concentrations of the major ions, in addition to the Electrical Conductivity, pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Soluble Sodium Percentage (Na%), and Sodium Adsorption Ratio)SAR( to assess the suitability of groundwater for irrigation. Results showed that the groundwater in Anah city is characterized by excellent to good SAR with good Na% and accepted value of pH for irrigation, whereas, values of Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids were not acceptable due to the rising of salinity (SO4 and Cl). According to Piper diagram, the type of water is Earth alkaline.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality Index for the Groundwater in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Ramakrishnaiah ◽  
C. Sadashivaiah ◽  
G. Ranganna
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Iron Manganese

The present work is aimed at assessing the water quality index (WQI) for the groundwater of Tumkur taluk. This has been determined by collecting groundwater samples and subjecting the samples to a comprehensive physicochemical analysis. For calculating the WQI, the following 12 parameters have been considered: pH, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, total dissolved solids, iron, manganese and fluorides. The WQI for these samples ranges from 89.21 to 660.56. The high value of WQI has been found to be mainly from the higher values of iron, nitrate, total dissolved solids, hardness, fluorides, bicarbonate and manganese in the groundwater. The results of analyses have been used to suggest models for predicting water quality. The analysis reveals that the groundwater of the area needs some degree of treatment before consumption, and it also needs to be protected from the perils of contamination

scholarly journals Suitability of groundwater quality for irrigation in and around the main Gadilam river basin on the east coast of southern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-562
Author(s):  
R. Ravi ◽  
S. Aravindan ◽  
K. Shankar ◽  
P. Balamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Samples

The main intent of this study was to investigate the condition of groundwater quality for irrigation purposes in and around the main Gadilam river basin, the east coast of southern India. A total of fifty groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for various parameters such as electrical conductivity (EC), pH, TDS, major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+) and anions (SO42-, Cl-, HCO3-, and NO3-). Irrigation water quality parameters like the sodium absorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), percentage sodium (%Na), magnesium hazard (MH), permeability index (PI), and Kelly ratio (KR) were computed to assess the irrigation water quality of groundwater. Furthermore, graphical representation diagrams such as USSL, Wilcox, and Doneen have been prepared for irrigation water quality. From the computation of SAR, Na%, RSC, PI, and KR values, it was found that 100% of groundwater samples were found to be suitable for irrigation purposes. Besides, USSL and Doneen diagrams show that the samples are safe for irrigation usage. The Wilcox diagram in the classification of electrical conductivity reveals that most samples fall into the good to permissible class (78%), in doubtful to unsuitable class (20%), and 2% of samples are unsuitable. Magnesium hazards of 82% of the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation, while the remaining 18% of the samples exceeded the limit and found to be unsuitable for irrigation purposes. The study concludes that higher percentages of groundwater samples were suitable for irrigation purposes in the study area, and the concentration of magnesium influenced groundwater at a few locations.

scholarly journals Qualitative Assessment of Mine Water of the Western Jharia Coalfield Area, Jharkhand, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
Prasoon Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Jharia Coalfield

A geochemical study of mine water in the Western Jharia coalfield area was undertaken to assess its quality and suitability for drinking and domestic purposes. To assess mine water quality of the study area, a systematic sampling was carried out during the monsoon season, 2013. Eighteen representatives mine water sample were collected from both underground (underground sump and surface water discharge) and opencast mines, and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) , major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+) and major anions (HCO3- F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-). The pH of the analyzed mine waters ranged from 6.8 o 8.3 and electrical conductivity (EC) values ranged from 608 uS cm-1 to 1350 uS cm-1. TDS ranged from 432 to 1080 mg L-1 and the spatial differences in TDS reflect the geological formations, hydrological processes and prevailing mining conditions of the region. The anion and cation chemistry indicate the general ionic abundance as: HCO3-> SO42-> Cl-> NO3->F- and Mg2+>Ca2+> Na+> K+ in the mine water of the study area. The water quality assessment indicated that total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), magnesium and sulphate are the major parameters of concern in the study area and make it unsuitable for drinking and domestic purposes.

scholarly journals GROUNDWATER QUALITY STUDY FOR DRINKING PURPOSE IN PEHOWA BLOCK, KURUKSHETRA DISTRICT, HARYANA, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup Kumar ◽  
Balwinder Balwinder ◽  
V.S. Arya
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Drinking Purpose

Water is prime requirement for living beings to live on the planet earth. In the modern developmental activities, agricultural practices, industrial purposes and need of drinking water for increasing population resources of fresh water are depleting fast and creating crisis of water availability per capita. Haryana is an agricultural dominant state with requirement of water whole year for irrigation purpose. Besides agriculture demand water is also used in industrial purpose as well as increasing drinking water requirement for increasing population in the state. In the present study groundwater quality in Pehowa block which covers 548 sq. km. area in Kurukshetra district of Haryana state, India have been studied for drinking purpose. Nine groundwater samples were collected from different parts of the block in double capped plastic bottles. Groundwater samples were analyzed using field water testing kit prepared by Tamil nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board, Chennai for twelve chemical parameters-pH, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, total dissolved solids, fluoride, iron, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate and residual chlorine. Results of chemical analysis of groundwater samples shows that range of pH 7- 8, alkalinity 230-420 mg/l, hardness 100-280 mg/l, chloride 30-100 mg/l, total dissolved solids (TDS) 432-924 mg/l, fluoride 0.5 - 1.5 mg/l, iron nil in all groundwater samples, ammonia nil - 2 mg/l, nitrite 0.2- 0.5 mg/l, nitrate 45-75 mg/l, phosphate nil in all groundwater samples, and residual chlorine nil to 0.5 mg/l. The study shows that groundwater is non-potable at Bherian (nitrate 75 mg/l), Gumthala (nitrate 75 mg/l, ammonia 2 mg/l), Thana (nitrate 75 mg/l), Ramgarh (nitrate 75 mg/l), Mohanpur (nitrate 75 mg/l), Sarsa (nitrate 75mg/l), Tikri (ammonia 1 mg/l, residual chlorine 0.5 mg/l). Groundwater is potable in one groundwater sample taken at Bodha with respect of all the twelve chemical parameters of drinking water. The study is highly useful for monitoring groundwater quality for drinking purpose in the study area.

scholarly journals GEOELECTRICAL INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY THROUGH ESTIMATES OF TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY IN PARTS OF AKWA IBOM STATE, SOUTHERN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Akpan Emmanuel F. ◽  
Akpan Veronica M. ◽  
Inyang Udeme U.
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Geophysical Investigation ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Transverse Resistance ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Electrical Soundings ◽  
Dar Zarrouk Parameters

This paper presents the results of a geophysical investigation of groundwater quality in parts of Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria. A total of 11 vertical electrical soundings (VES) was carried out in the study area using the Schlumberger electrode configuration. The results of the interpretation show that the area comprises 4 geoelectric layers. The third layer constitutes the major economic hydrogeological unit in the area and has resistivity of between 50.3 Ωm and 2088.9 Ωm and thickness of between 36.8 m and 149.0m respectively. The groundwater quality was assessed through estimates of the electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids in water. The conductivity ranges from 74.5 to 604.4µS/cm with an average value of 244.0µS/cm while the TDS values range from 47.7 to 386.8 ppm with an average value of 156.1 ppm. Based on these values, which are within the permissible limits, the water is considered to be fresh and suitable for drinking and other domestic/agricultural usages. The results show excellent correlation between the estimated TDS and the Dar-zarrouk parameters (longitudinal conductance and transverse resistance) on one hand and the aquifer bulk resistivity on the hand which demonstrate the ease of deriving TDS from surface resistivity data.

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality Mapping of an Open Municipal Solid waste Landfill Site

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1323-1327
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Groundwater Samples

The common practice of Municipal solid waste disposal method in developing countries is an unlined landfill dumping site. Due to this the natural resources land, water and air get polluted and also severely affected by the public living around the dumping yard. In this study, Srinivasapuram dumpsite in Thanjavur City Municipal Corporation area, India has been selected to investigate the quality of groundwater. Groundwater samples collected from 25 locations were tested as per standards for physical, chemical characteristics. The classical contour mapping method has been used to detect information from the recorded ground water quality data. Surfer 6.0 software has been used to convert the spatial data into equivalent contour map. Graphical method has been used to decide the area enclosed by each contour line. The water quality standards recommended by BIS and WHO were used to classify the critical regions based on the ground water contamination level. The water quality parameters such as pH value, Electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Iron and Fluoride were considered for this analysis and other parameters were not included. All the collected groundwater samples the pH values are within the permissible limit of 6.5-8.5. The Electrical Conductivity vales range between 0.5mho/cm and 5.7mho/cm. The TDS values ranges between 200 and 3024 mg/l. The concentration of TDS is higher than the permissible level of the samples which are nearby the dumping yard as the contour lines are assembling around the dumpsite. The concentration of chlorides in all the samples under investigation is 12.4 to 1316 mg/l. It has been observed that concentration of total hardness (TH) of water samples varies from 118 mg/l to 2070mg/l. The presence of high concentration of iron and fluoride in the water samples adjacent to dumping yard indicate that it would have contaminated by leachate movement from MSW. The contour plots also reveal that the groundwater was contaminated as per the tests conducted for physical and chemical parameters.

scholarly journals GROUNDWATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR DRINKING PURPOSE IN BADHRA BLOCK, CHARKHI DADRI DISTRICT, HARYANA, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup Kumar ◽  
Himanshu Himanshu ◽  
V.S. Arya
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Testing ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Drinking Purpose

Water is important for survival of living beings and non-living developmental activities. In the present developmental scenario requirement of water is increasing very fast. In arid to semi-arid regions groundwater is very important for fulfilling the need of people. Badhra block is falling in Charkhi Dadri district of Haryana state, India. The climate of the block is semi-arid. Groundwater is the main source for drinking and irrigation purpose. In the study area ten groundwater samples were collected in the month of January, 2019. Groundwater samples were analyzed using field water testing kit prepared by Tamilnadu Water Supply and Drainage Board, Chennai for twelve chemical parameters-pH, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, total dissolved solids, fluoride, iron, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate and residual chlorine. In the groundwater samples pH varies from 7 to 7.5, alkalinity 250-450 mg/l,hardness 70 - 580 mg/l,chloride 60-600 mg/l, total dissolved solids (TDS) 564-1704 mg/l, fluoride 0.5-3 mg/l, iron nil in all groundwater samples, ammonia nil to 1 mg/l, nitrite 0.2- 0.5 mg/l, nitrate 45-75mg/l, phosphate nil to 0.5 mg/l, residual chlorine nil in all ten groundwater samples. Groundwater is potable in one sample taken at Dalawas and non-potable in nine groundwater samples taken at Lad (fluoride 2 mg/l, ammonia 1mg/l, nitrate 75mg/l), Badhara (fluoride 3mg/l), Kari (nitrate 75mg/l), Sisrli (nitrate 75mg/l), Dandma (nitrate 75mg/l), Jeoli (nitrite 75 mg/l), Mandi (nitrate 75 mg/l), Rahrodi (nitrate 75mg/l), Dohka (nitrate 75mg/l). The study is highly useful for monitoring of groundwater quality for drinking purpose.

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