scholarly journals Qualitative Assessment of Mine Water of the Western Jharia Coalfield Area, Jharkhand, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
Prasoon Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Jharia Coalfield

A geochemical study of mine water in the Western Jharia coalfield area was undertaken to assess its quality and suitability for drinking and domestic purposes. To assess mine water quality of the study area, a systematic sampling was carried out during the monsoon season, 2013. Eighteen representatives mine water sample were collected from both underground (underground sump and surface water discharge) and opencast mines, and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) , major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+) and major anions (HCO3- F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-). The pH of the analyzed mine waters ranged from 6.8 o 8.3 and electrical conductivity (EC) values ranged from 608 uS cm-1 to 1350 uS cm-1. TDS ranged from 432 to 1080 mg L-1 and the spatial differences in TDS reflect the geological formations, hydrological processes and prevailing mining conditions of the region. The anion and cation chemistry indicate the general ionic abundance as: HCO3-> SO42-> Cl-> NO3->F- and Mg2+>Ca2+> Na+> K+ in the mine water of the study area. The water quality assessment indicated that total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), magnesium and sulphate are the major parameters of concern in the study area and make it unsuitable for drinking and domestic purposes.

scholarly journals Modeling Water Quality Parameters Using Data-Driven Models, a Case Study Abu-Ziriq Marsh in South of Iraq

Hydrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Al-Mukhtar ◽  
Fuaad Al-Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
South Of Iraq

Total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) are important parameters in determining water quality for drinking and agricultural water, since they are directly associated to the concentration of salt in water and, hence, high values of these parameters cause low water quality indices. In addition, they play a significant role in hydrous life, effective water resources management and health studies. Thus, it is of critical importance to identify the optimum modeling method that would be capable to capture the behavior of these parameters. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of using three different models of artificial intelligence techniques: Adaptive neural based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), artificial neural networks (ANNs) and Multiple Regression Model (MLR) to predict and estimate TDS and EC in Abu-Ziriq marsh south of Iraq. As so, eighty four monthly TDS and EC values collected from 2009 to 2018 were used in the evaluation. The collected data was randomly split into 75% for training and 25% for testing. The most effective input parameters to model TDS and EC were determined based on cross-correlation test. The three performance criteria: correlation coefficient (CC), root mean square error (RMSE) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) were used to evaluate the performance of the developed models. It was found that nitrate (NO3), calcium (Ca+2), magnesium (Mg+2), total hardness (T.H), sulfate (SO4) and chloride (Cl−1) are the most influential inputs on TDS. While calcium (Ca+2), magnesium (Mg+2), total hardness (T.H), sulfate (SO4) and chloride (Cl−1) are the most effective on EC. The comparison of the results showed that the three models can satisfactorily estimate the total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity, but ANFIS model outperformed the ANN and MLR models in the three performance criteria: RMSE, CC and NSE during the calibration and validation periods in modeling the two water quality parameters. ANFIS is recommended to be used as a predictive model for TDS and EC in the Iraqi marshes.

scholarly journals RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY VIA DESIRABILITY FUNCTION TECHNIQUES FOR OPTIMIZING CORRELATED RESPONSES OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS OF SELECTED BOREHOLE WATER

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342
Author(s):  
KEHINDE MONSURU YUSUFF ◽  
M. Lawal ◽  
A. T. Audu ◽  
O. A. Wale-Orojo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Dissolved Solids

The health benefits in the description and observation of quantitative contents of quality parameters present or contained in any water source cannot be underestimated as they determine selection of best choice from available water sources for different intended uses as well as resource consumption. It also helps to compare the observed quantity of the quality with the acceptable standards or limits to get desired results. Physical parameters like pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) among others are determined by present of other chemical properties like Cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, etc), Anions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42+, etc), heavy metals and other dissolved materials during the course of its formation in different proportions and amounts. This study observed EC and TDS of 20 selected boreholes as two close and correlated water quality parameters as well as two of the major water quality parameters that account for overall quality of any water source, despite their different quantitative contents and physical features, they are likely determined by the same set of cations and anions with similar constraint equations. In contrast to linear programming, multiple criteria optimization models were fitted for EC and TDS using Response Surface Methodology via desirability techniques, optimal values obtained in this case measured against several criteria are found to lie between acceptable standards limits for drinking water, other numerical values and descriptive features in the final results reflect that the response equations obtained were well fitted.

scholarly journals Researchof Water Quality and its Chemical Parameters by Titration Method and Instrumenal Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
pp. 871-874
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Instrumental Method ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Dissolved Solids

he water quality analysis is an important aspect in understanding the behavior of water and what can they be used for. This study gives us a valuable information on the general properties of water quality parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, Bicarbonate, Sulfate, Nitrate, chloride etc. of the study area . Water samples were analyzed at the water quality lab. NIH, Roorkee for pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. The pH of water varied from 7.14 to 7.75. The electrical conductivity (EC) of sample falls from 620µS/cm to 2000µS/cm. The overall total dissolved solids in water of study area varied from 120mg/l to 900mg/l. Overall the range of the Chloride in water of the study area tend to falls between 13mg/l to 375mg/l. Sulfate of all the water samples that were collected from the study area have ranged from 28mg/l to 250mg .The range of the Bicarbonate of all the water samples varied from 320mg/l to 1051mg/l. The study area helps to know about water quality parameters and how to find their values by usingtwo methods : 1) titration method 2) instrumental method .It also helps us to apply these water quality parameters in ArcGis. It helps us to show the values of different parameters in different blocks ofambala for different years In this we have studied different blocks of ambala district Haryana .We have taken the samples from different places from the blocks and also samples are from wells, canal , rivers, ponds.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality Index for the Groundwater in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Ramakrishnaiah ◽  
C. Sadashivaiah ◽  
G. Ranganna
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Iron Manganese

The present work is aimed at assessing the water quality index (WQI) for the groundwater of Tumkur taluk. This has been determined by collecting groundwater samples and subjecting the samples to a comprehensive physicochemical analysis. For calculating the WQI, the following 12 parameters have been considered: pH, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, total dissolved solids, iron, manganese and fluorides. The WQI for these samples ranges from 89.21 to 660.56. The high value of WQI has been found to be mainly from the higher values of iron, nitrate, total dissolved solids, hardness, fluorides, bicarbonate and manganese in the groundwater. The results of analyses have been used to suggest models for predicting water quality. The analysis reveals that the groundwater of the area needs some degree of treatment before consumption, and it also needs to be protected from the perils of contamination

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characteristics and Temporal Variations of Geothermal Water Quality in Tangtou, Shandong, China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongjun Gao ◽  
Jiutan Liu ◽  
Fuquan Li ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Jianguo Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Geological Conditions

Geothermal water resources are a kind of clean energy, which is a renewable resource to a certain extent and has a high value of development and utilization. To understand the hydrochemical characteristics, origins, and temporal variations of geothermal water quality in Tangtou, 13 geothermal water samples from 2007 to 2019 and geothermal geological conditions were collected. Cl− and Na+ are the major ions, which make the geothermal water belong Cl-Na type. The total dissolved solids values of geothermal waters were 1560–2512 mg/L and pH were in the range of 6.7–8.8. The development of faulted structures provides conditions for the formation of geothermal water. In addition, geothermal water is recharged by shallow underground cold water. Water-rock interaction, as well as mixing processes, in the process of long runoff path and the slower deep-water cycle is the main factor controlling the chemical composition of geothermal water. Calculated saturation index values indicated that the geothermal water was saturated with respect to silicate and carbonate minerals. Cation and silica chemical geothermometers indicated that reservoir temperatures ranged from 94.63 to 196.10 °C and from 69.13 to 123.75 °C, respectively. Based on the grey relational analysis, the main physicochemical components of geothermal water are obviously correlated with the geothermal water exploitation and precipitation. Overall, affected by exploitation and precipitation, main physicochemical components (such as the total dissolved solids, total hardness, temperature, Na+, Ca2+, Cl−, K+, and Mg2+) showed a certain stage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Quality Parameters in Shatt AL-Arab, Southern Iraq, Using Spatial Analysis

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahraa Q. Lateef ◽  
Abdul-Sahib T. Al-Madhhachi ◽  
Dawood E. Sachit
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Southern Iraq

The present work illustrates the potential application of techniques of spatial analysis via geographic information systems (GIS) to categorize the distribution of temporal and spatial of water prediction characteristics to determine the water quality parameters of the Shatt Al-Arab River (SAA), southern Iraq. Eight main water quality parameters and three heavy metals were measured from December 2018 to October 2019. The total dissolved solids, chloride, sulfate, and total hardness were compared with previous data that were measured from 2014 to 2018 based on data availability. The geochemical characteristics were also investigated to analyze water quality parameters. The study was performed by selecting eleven stations according to the nature areas of SAA. Water samples were acquired from the eleven stations for four seasons (winter of 2018 through autumn of 2019). Results revealed that total dissolved solids ranged between 950 to 8500 mg/L, total hardness varied from 400 to 2394 mg/L as calcium carbonate (CaCO3), the sulfate ranged from 149 to 1602 mg/L, and chloride ranged from 330 to 3687 mg/L. The results showed that SAA had high salinity with a low hazard of sodicity. The SAA waters mainly fall below the Dolomite-Magnesite tie-lines which indicated the dissolution of carbonate rocks. This research also found that the study area confined from Al-Maqal station to Abu Flus port station where the salty marine water coming from the Arabian Gulf remains for longer periods. The SAA is not suitable for drinking and irrigation water according to Iraqi and World Health Organization (WHO) standards. This study suggested building a blocking dam downstream of the SAA to prevent salty water from coming back from Arabian Gulf.

scholarly journals A Study of Groundwater Characteristics by Using of Groundwater Quality Index and Pollution Index in Zubair District, Basra Province, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Ammar S. Dawood ◽  
Mushtak T. Jabbar ◽  
Mudhar H. Gatea ◽  
Hayfaa J. Al-Tameemi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Groundwater Quality Index ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Abstract The present work evaluated the groundwater quality index (GWQI) depending on some physicochemical analyses of thirteen groundwater samples in the Zubair district in Basra Province, Iraq. The collected groundwater samples were subjected to an extensive physicochemical analysis to evaluate the characteristics of water for drinking purpose according to Iraqi standard. For calculating the (GWQI), twelve water quality parameters were considered; turbidity, pH, chloride, total dissolved solids, total hardness (TH), electrical conductivity (EC), sodium, sulphate, phosphate, calcium, nitrate, and magnesium. The analysis of the results reveals that all the samples surpassed the portability of drinking water limits. High values of the (GWQI) in the obtained groundwater samples could possibly be caused by the higher values of electrical conductivity, total hardness, chloride, total dissolved solids and sodium within the groundwater. The calculated GWQI values ranged from 73.36 to 595.92. The pollution index (PI) was calculated for the study area with values ranged from 2.97 to 8.26. Correlation coefficients amongst the chosen water parameters exhibited some strong relationships. Finally, the analysis shows that the groundwater in this particular area needs to be treated before its consumption, and in addition, it usually needs to avoid the hazard of contamination. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) indicate that the acquiring-data from groundwater samples are explained 90.5 % of the variance in the data with a four-component system that explains a large portion of the total variance of collected data.

Water Quality of Surface Runoff from Grazed Fescue Grassland Watersheds in Alberta

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Mapfumo ◽  
Walter D. Willms ◽  
David S. Chanasyk
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Heavy Grazing

Abstract A study was conducted at Stavely Research Station, Alberta, to determine the quantity and quality of surface runoff from small grassland watersheds under three grazing intensities, viz. ungrazed, heavy grazing (2.4 animal unit months per hectare, AUM ha-1) and very heavy grazing (4.8 AUM ha-1). The volume of surface runoff varied each year (1998, 1999 and 2000) and also differed across watersheds, with lower runoff in the ungrazed compared with the heavy and very heavy grazed watersheds. Total dissolved solids in surface runoff water ranged between 34 to 360 mg L-1, and that for runoff from the very heavy grazed watershed was greater than that from other watersheds. Electrical conductivity increased with increased grazing intensity on the watershed. In two of three years the very heavy grazed watershed had greater nitrate concentrations than the other two watersheds. In all three years the levels of nitrate were lower than the maximum acceptable level for drinking water (10 mg L-1 as nitrogen). Levels of orthophosphate (PO43-) in surface runoff from all three watersheds and the three years of study were less than 1 mg L-1, and mostly within the range considered typical for rivers and streams. Total carbon (up to 500 mg L-1) was greater than the amounts considered typical for streams and rivers, and most of it was organic carbon. Nuisance organisms such as algae, nematodes, Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and rotifers were detected in some surface runoff samples. However, no crustaceans were detected. The results of a canonical correlation analysis indicated that the dominant external forcing factors (meteorological and management) in influencing water quality were year of study, water temperature and grazing. Surface runoff discharge did not influence water quality measurements. The dominant water quality parameters were found to be total carbon, organic carbon, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity. Overall, this study indicated that during the three years, the surface runoff volumes from the watersheds were small and grazing of these watersheds posed little risk of nutrient (e.g., nitrate, ammonia and orthophosphate) contamination of adjacent streams, but organic carbon loading and dissolved solids may be of concern. The presence of parasites was detected in two or less runoff water samples each year, and thus pose little risk of contamination of adjacent streams. However, it may be necessary to monitor parasites especially in areas under cow-calf operations.

scholarly journals Water Quality Parameters for the Culture of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) in the Raceways of Kathmandu, Nepal

Our Nature ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Rakesh Prasad Bhagat ◽  
Sudip Barat
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Eighteen water quality parameters (5 physical, 9 chemical, 2 climatic and 2 geographical) were investigated for the water quality assessment so as to know whether water in the raceways from spring-fed torrential stream at a high altitude was feasible and suitable for the culture of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) or not. Results indicated colourless, odourless, and crystal-clear water throughout the year with air temperature ranging from 11.4-26.9 (20.3±1.1oC), water temperature 8.4-21.5 (16±1.1oC), water velocity 1.5-3.5 (2.5±0.11m sec-1), water discharge 37-92 (56±2.87L sec-1), turbidity 3-19 (11± 1.04NTU), pH 6.5-8.2 (7.44±0.11), electrical conductivity 35-204 (112.13±11.2µS cm-1), dissolved oxygen 5.9-10.5 (8.2±0.3mg L-1), free carbon dioxide 1.4-5.1 (3.6±0.2mg L-1), total alkalinity 17-97 (55.1±5.32mg L-1), total hardness 11-90 (47±5.06mg L-1), phosphate-P 0.01-0.50 (0.14±0.02mg L-1), ammonium-N 0.09-0.91 (0.28 ±0.04mg L-1), nitrate-N 0.01-0.83 (0.17±0.04mg L-1), relative humidity 62.4-88.7 (75.01±1.59%), rainfall 0.0-503.4 (132.44±32.83mm), altitude 1550msl, and water resource stream-fed torrential stream. Correlation analyses of the parameters showed strongest correlation at the significance level of 0.01. All parameters were positively correlated except pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, and total hardness which were negatively correlated with rest. Parameters of the first year were slightly higher than second due to fluctuation in temperature, velocity and discharge, relative humidity, and rainfall influenced by climatic factors, geography, seasons, and environment of the origin and occurrence of the water resource, thus affecting rest of the parameters. Water velocity and water discharge could be maintained as per requirement of the culture. These parameters were within permissible limits being feasible and suitable for rainbow trout culture.Our Nature (2015), 13(1): 50-57

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