Spatio-temporal variation of effects of short-term exposure to air pollutants on mortality in Seven Major Cities, Korea, 1998-2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Honghyok Kim* ◽  
Hyomi Kim ◽  
Garam Byun ◽  
Jong-Tae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal associations of air pollutant concentrations, GP respiratory consultations and respiratory inhaler prescriptions: a 5-year study of primary care in the borough of Lambeth, South London

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Ashworth ◽  
◽  
Antonis Analitis ◽  
David Whitney ◽  
Evangelia Samoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Background Although the associations of outdoor air pollution exposure with mortality and hospital admissions are well established, few previous studies have reported on primary care clinical and prescribing data. We assessed the associations of short and long-term pollutant exposures with General Practitioner respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions. Methods Daily primary care data, for 2009–2013, were obtained from Lambeth DataNet (LDN), an anonymised dataset containing coded data from all patients (1.2 million) registered at general practices in Lambeth, an inner-city south London borough. Counts of respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions by day and Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) of residence were constructed. We developed models for predicting daily PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 per LSOA. We used spatio-temporal mixed effects zero inflated negative binomial models to investigate the simultaneous short- and long-term effects of exposure to pollutants on the number of events. Results The mean concentrations of NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and O3 over the study period were 50.7, 21.2, 15.6, and 49.9 μg/m3 respectively, with all pollutants except NO2 having much larger temporal rather than spatial variability. Following short-term exposure increases to PM10, NO2 and PM2.5 the number of consultations and inhaler prescriptions were found to increase, especially for PM10 exposure in children which was associated with increases in daily respiratory consultations of 3.4% and inhaler prescriptions of 0.8%, per PM10 interquartile range (IQR) increase. Associations further increased after adjustment for weekly average exposures, rising to 6.1 and 1.2%, respectively, for weekly average PM10 exposure. In contrast, a short-term increase in O3 exposure was associated with decreased number of respiratory consultations. No association was found between long-term exposures to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 and number of respiratory consultations. Long-term exposure to NO2 was associated with an increase (8%) in preventer inhaler prescriptions only. Conclusions We found increases in the daily number of GP respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions following short-term increases in exposure to NO2, PM10 and PM2.5. These associations are more pronounced in children and persist for at least a week. The association with long term exposure to NO2 and preventer inhaler prescriptions indicates likely increased chronic respiratory morbidity.

Short-term growth (RNA/DNA ratio) of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in relation to environmental influences and spatio-temporal variation in a shallow fluvial lake

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 1646-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Glémet ◽  
Marco A Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Flood Pulse Concept ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Shallow fluvial lakes are heterogeneous ecosystems in which marked spatio-temporal variation renders difficult the analysis of key ecological processes, such as growth. In this study, we used generalized additive modelling of the RNA/DNA ratio, an index of short-term growth, to investigate the influence of environmental variables and spatio-temporal variation on growth of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in Lake St. Pierre, Quebec, Canada. Temperature and water level had seemingly stronger effects on short-term growth than seasonal change or spatial variation between and along the lakeshores. Consistent with previous studies, the maximum RNA/DNA ratio was found at 20.5 °C, suggesting that our approach provides a useful tool for estimating thermal optima for growth in the field. The RNA/DNA ratio showed a positive relationship with water level, as predicted by the flood pulse concept, a finding with implications for ecosystem productivity in fluvial lakes. The RNA/DNA ratio was more variable along the north than the south shore, possibly reflecting exposure to more differentiated water masses. The negative influence of both high temperatures and low water levels on growth points to potential impacts of climatic change on fish production in shallow fluvial lakes.

scholarly journals Short-term effects of air pollution on blood pressure

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Jung Choi ◽  
Sun-Hwa Kim ◽  
Si-Hyuck Kang ◽  
Sun-Young Kim ◽  
Ok-Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractElevated blood pressure (BP) has been proposed as a possible pathophysiological mechanism linking exposure to ambient air pollution and the increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. In this study, we investigated the hourly relationship between ambient air pollutants and BP. BP measurements were extracted from the electronic health record database of the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from February 2015 to June 2017. A total of 98,577 individual BP measurements were matched to the hourly levels of air pollutants. A generalized additive model was constructed for hour lags of 0–8 of air pollutants adjusting for age, sex, meteorological variables, and time trend. Systolic BP was shown to be significantly lower at 2–4 hours and 3–5 hours after increased levels of SO2 and CO, respectively (0.24 mmHg and 0.26 mmHg for an interquartile range, respectively). In contrast, O3 and NO2 were associated with significantly increased systolic BP at 3–5 lag hours and at 0–2 lag hours, respectively. BP elevation in association with O3 and NO2 was shown to be significantly greater in hypertensive patients than normotensive subjects. Our findings suggest that short-term exposure to air pollution may be associated with elevated BP.

AB0229 SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE TO OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ACTIVITY IN METROPOLITAN AREAS IN THE NORTH OF ITALY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1415.1-1415
Author(s):  
F. Ingegnoli ◽  
T. Ubiali ◽  
T. Schioppo ◽  
V. Longo ◽  
S. Iodice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Background:Air pollution is believed to cause oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, that could trigger autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Several epidemiological studies investigated the possible role of air pollution in the outbreak of RA with controversial results. As far as we know, studies on the effects on disease activity of short-term exposure have not been published.Objectives:To evaluate the impact of short-term exposure to air pollutants (daily mean PM10, PM2.5, NO2and O3) on disease activity in patients with RA.Methods:Consecutive patients with RA (ACR/EULAR Criteria 2010) resident in Lombardy (Italy) were enrolled. In each patient Disease Activity Score on 28 joints (DAS28), Simple Disease Activity Index (SDAI) were assessed. Daily PM10, PM2.5, NO2and O3concentrations, estimated by Regional Environmental Protection Agency at municipality resolution, were used to assign short-term exposure from day of visit back to 14 days. Multivariable linear regression models were performed to identify the day of the pollutants independently associated with disease activity indices, adjusting for the variables significant at the univariate analysis. β coefficients were reported for 1 μg/m3increments of pollutants’ concentrations.Results:422 RA patients were enrolled in the study between January and June 2018: 81.5% females, mean age 58.2±13.3 years, mean disease duration 16.1±11.5 years, 27.3% current smokers, 59.5% RF positivity, 54.5% ACPA positivity. Sparse punctual statistically significant negative associations emerged at the multivariate analysis between PM10, PM2.5, NO2and the outcomes, although with very low estimates, whereas positive associations resulted for O3.Afterwards patients were stratified in 3 subgroups according to their ongoing treatment (no therapy, n=25, conventional synthetic Disease Modifying anti-Rheumatic Drugs -DMARDs-, n=108 and biological or targeted synthetic DMARDs, n=289). A statistical significance was found by analysing the influence of therapy on the interaction between PM2.5and DAS28 (Figure below): a positive trend between PM2.5and DAS28 appeared in the first two groups (no therapy, 0.013±0.007, p=0.06 and csDMARDs, 0.006±0.004, p=0.17), whereas a statistically significant inverse association was seen in the b/tsDMARDs group (-0.005±0.002, p=0.01). Therapy interaction was particularly evident in several days before the visit also for O3.Conclusion:The changes of the outcome measures related to the increase of the pollutants’ levels did not reach the minimal clinically important difference, therefore air pollution seems barely relevant on disease activity once the loss of tolerance is established in RA. O3and PM/NO2always exhibit an opposite performance having inversely proportional atmospheric concentrations, whereas the biological role of this substance is still matter of debate and will need further understanding. Therapy seems to be able to interact with the relation between air pollutants and the parameters considered.Disclosure of Interests:Francesca Ingegnoli: None declared, Tania Ubiali: None declared, Tommaso Schioppo: None declared, Valentina Longo: None declared, Simona Iodice: None declared, Ennio Giulio Favalli Consultant of: Consultant and/or speaker for BMS, Eli-Lilly, MSD, UCB, Pfizer, Sanofi-Genzyme, Novartis, and Abbvie, Speakers bureau: Consultant and/or speaker for BMS, Eli-Lilly, MSD, UCB, Pfizer, Sanofi-Genzyme, Novartis, and Abbvie, Orazio De Lucia: None declared, Antonella Murgo: None declared, Valentina Bollati: None declared, Roberto Caporali Consultant of: AbbVie; Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Lilly; Merck Sharp & Dohme; Celgene; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Pfizer; UCB, Speakers bureau: Abbvie; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Celgene; Lilly; Gilead Sciences, Inc; MSD; Pfizer; Roche; UCB

P–736 Elevated levels of ambient air pollutants increase the primary sex ratio in human embryos

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Maluf ◽  
M Malu. Perin ◽  
P O Malu. Perin ◽  
P Perin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Primary Sex Ratio ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract Study question Are there any associations between ambient outdoor air pollution and the primary sex ratio (PSR)? Summary answer Short-term exposure to increased PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 levels were significantly associated with higher PSR. What is known already PSR estimates represent a backward extrapolation from data based on spontaneous or induced abortions, fetal deaths or live births and are usually male-biased. A recent study, analyzing 3- to 6-day-old embryos derived from assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures, showed that the sex ratio at conception is unbiased (0.5). Epidemiologic studies of air pollution on secondary (birth) sex ratio showed that higher levels of particulate pollution were associated with increased rates of female birth. However, a direct association between urban levels of air pollutants and PSR has not been reported. Study design, size, duration A retrospective cohort study was carried out to assess the impact of long- or short-term exposure to six ambient outdoor air pollutants (particulate matter, PM10µm and PM2.5µm; SO2; CO; NO2; O3) on PSR (XY/XX) of couples undergoing their first IVF cycle for preimplantation genetic screening (N = 337). Data was from fixed air quality monitoring stations across the city between January 2014 and December 2018. Embryos with sex chromosome abnormalities were excluded from the analysis. Participants/materials, setting, methods Average concentrations of the pollutants for the 90 (long-term exposure) and 15 days (short-term exposure) predating oocyte retrieval represented the exposures of interest. Pollutant levels were categorized into quartiles (Q1 to Q4) and exposure risk was divided into two periods in which average concentrations and confidence intervals for the pollutants were in the upper quartile (Q4 period) or not (Q1-Q3 period). The strength association between exposure risk and PSR was performed through analysis of covariance. Main results and the role of chance The estimated means of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3 and CO for Q1-Q3/Q4 periods were 27.7/39.3, 16.7/23.7, 2.5/3.9, 37.0/46.4, 32.2/45.3 µg/m3 and 0.64/0.87 ppm and 26.3/43.0, 16.0/26.3, 2.4/4.2, 36.5/47.8, 31.7/50.4 µg/m3 and 0.62/0.90 ppm for long- and short-term exposures, respectively. PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 levels in the Q4 period had significantly higher PSR (138.1, 134.0 and 137.6) when compared to Q1-Q3 period (94.4, 98.1 and 96.4) for the short-term exposure (p = 0.0193; p = 0.0439; p = 0.0180, respectively). PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and CO levels in the Q4 and Q1-Q3 periods for the long-term exposure showed no significant effect on PSR. Contrastingly, O3 levels in the Q4 period had significantly lower PSR (82.6) when compared to Q1-Q3 (115.9) for the long-term exposure (p = 0.0202). A monotonic increase in PSR was observed with increased PM10 concentration in the Q4 period for the short-term exposure (F-ratio: 4.4476; p = 0.0352). Limitations, reasons for caution Some limitations of the study should be underlined, such as its retrospective nature, exposure assessment based on pollutant levels derived from a network average across city sites, and limited extrapolation of the results to the general population. Wider implications of the findings: Our data suggest that short-term exposure to environmental factors could affect the primary sex ratio in polluted seasons or cities. A monotonic effect on PSR in the case of exposure to increasing PM10 levels was identified. Trial registration number Not applicable

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document