TITTLE DEVELOPING MODLES OF RESIDENTIAL AND PARAOCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES FOR AGRICULTURAL FAMILIES

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Nicol ◽  
Caitlin Blewitt
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Families

The regional and personal impact of the fiscal policies of a limited franchise government: Italy immediately after unification

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-61
Author(s):  
Giorgio Brosio
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Personal Impact ◽  
The Government ◽  
Agricultural Families ◽  
Registered Voters ◽  
Regional Discrimination ◽  
The Impact

For 15 years after its inception, Italy was governed by the Historical Right coalition. The electoral franchise was very limited: registered voters were less than 2 per cent of the population and their actual numbers were further eroded by absenteeism. The achievements of the first governments were impressive, though one can disagree on the merit of the policies, as many did. Most of the policies imposed a lot of hardship: individuals had to pay high taxes; they were drafted into the army for long periods; and they were sent to fight civil and regular wars. The very limited access to the vote led the ruling class to perceive that, in the short term, its actions were insulated against the unpopularity of its policies. Therefore, it pursued the mission of aggrandising the country and creating what it believed to be a viable and modern government system. The regional allocation of budget resources became the most disputed issue as the government coalition was accused of discriminating against southern regions. The article explores these themes empirically by constructing the so-called balance sheet of federations, leading to an estimate for each region of the net impact (the fiscal residuum) of national government tax and expenditure policies. The article also provides an estimate of the impact of tax and expenditure policies on poor agricultural families located in different areas. Both statistical exercises provide an original, though limited, contribution to the literature on the economic and social impact of the unification process in Italy. The analyses reveal that no redistribution was made, and regional discrimination did not emerge.

scholarly journals A full-scale test of the language farming dispersal hypothesis

Diachronica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Hammarström
Keyword(s):  
Family Studies ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Full Scale Test ◽  
Technological Advantage ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Large Families ◽  
Agricultural Families ◽  
East West

One attempt at explaining why some language families are large (while others are small) is the hypothesis that the families that are now large became large because their ancestral speakers had a technological advantage, most often agriculture. Variants of this idea are referred to as the Language Farming Dispersal Hypothesis. Previously, detailed language family studies have uncovered various supporting examples and counterexamples to this idea. In the present paper I weigh the evidence from ALL attested language families. For each family, I use the number of member languages as a measure of cardinal size, member language coordinates to measure geospatial size and ethnographic evidence to assess subsistence status. This data shows that, although agricultural families tend to be larger in cardinal size, their size is hardly due to the simple presence of farming. If farming were responsible for language family expansions, we would expect a greater east-west geospatial spread of large families than is actually observed. The data, however, is compatible with weaker versions of the farming dispersal hypothesis as well with models where large families acquire farming because of their size, rather than the other way around.

scholarly journals Pesticides in household dust and soil: exposure pathways for children of agricultural families.

1995 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 1126-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
N J Simcox ◽  
R A Fenske ◽  
S A Wolz ◽  
I C Lee ◽  
D A Kalman
Keyword(s):  
Household Dust ◽  
Exposure Pathways ◽  
Soil Exposure ◽  
Agricultural Families
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