ASSESSING LITTLELEAF LINDEN ( TILIA CORDATA ) AND NORWAY MAPLE ( ACER PLATANOIDES ) LEAVES AS MEDIA FOR MONITORING HEAVY METAL AIR POLLUTION IN WINDSOR, ONTARIO, CANADA

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Grgicak-Mannion ◽  
Lindsay Miller ◽  
Joel Gagnon ◽  
Hongcheng Zeng ◽  
Brian J. Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Norway Maple

Species specificity of woody trees adaptation at technogenically transformed urbanhabitats of the Kyiv megalopolisis

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 42-61
Author(s):  
O. G. Lucyshyn ◽  
I. K. Teslenko
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Technogenic Pollution ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Na Ions ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Lombardy Poplar

The recent ecological situation of Kyiv megalopolis has a special specific of environment technogenic pollution as a chemical features and content of polluting phytotoxicants. During 2007–2012, our observation revealed what the most dangerous factors which have harm impact on the street woody plants are the huge concentration of phytotoxic elements (Na+, Cl-, Pb2+, Cd2+). Nowadays, the technogenic impact on the megalopolyisis surrounding comes to the dangerous, even, catastrophic level. The main reason of total and chloral necrose of leaves, the summer defoliation of crown and major tree's death is the over pollution of the soil and plant's phytomass by phytotoxic elements, the concentration of which by standards evaluation and by trees reactions are critical and exists at the level of adaptation possibility and survival. The main sources of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions are transport outcomes (> 90 % of total technogenic pollution). The increasing of Pb2+ and Cd2+ in the soil is depended from intensivity of transport outcomes, using of ethylated petrol, and location of trees along roads as well as from the trees species. Continuously increasing of number of cars at the city streets is accompanying with similar increasing of ions concentration. Thus, in the soil around root system of street woody plants, depending from their location along roads, the concentration of Pb2+ (moving form) is between 41,7 (I. Kudri str.) and 102,6 mg\kg of soil (Nauki avenue). It exceeds the maximum permissible concentration (MPC), which is 20,8–51,3 mg\kg of soil. Next, for Norway maple (Acer platanoides) the concentration of Pb2+ in the soil varies from 41,7 to 80,5 mg / kg of soil in the area of the root system and it is around 20,8–40,2 MPC. In the leaves of this tree it is 7,83–13,5 mg / kg of dry mass (MPC is 15,8–27,0). For the horse chestnut (Aedculus hippocastanum) at the Nauka avenue, the concentration of plumbum in the root is 13,4 mg / kg (MPC is 26,8), in the cortex – 17,7 mg / kg (MPC is 35,4), in leaves – 8,21 mg / kg (MPC is 16,4), which by the normative evaluation are the critical concentrations. The source of Na+ and Cl-, which is a new factor for Kyiv megalopolis, is irregular load of high concentrations of industrial salt NaCl into the environment, as a way against black ice in winter time, where the Na+ ions ( mobile form) is in the high concentrations in leaves (0,76 % for Norway maple (Acer platanoides) on the I. Kudri str., 1,28 % – small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata) at the 40-richya Zhovtnya ave, 2,0 % – horse chestnut (Aedculus hippocastanum) at the Nauki ave), those are exceeded the concentration of the element comparing to the control test object, respectively, in 10,6, 12,8 and 5,0 times. Na+ ions are an aggressive phytotoxins and the main factor of leaves necrose of tree crown (within 70–100 % necrosis leaves in the crown). Degradation and total reduction of the specific weight of plants in the megalopolis environment are decrease the cleaning role of the street tree plants, which are the main alive filters for soil and air cleaning, as well as the main bioaccumulators and detoxicants of harm substances of anthropogenic pollution. Species adaptive specificity is revealed at the bioaccumulation level and the selective locality of phytotoxic elements (Na+, Cl-, Pb2+, Cd2+, agile form) in technourbanhabitats-pic conditions, there dominated bioaccumulation and localization of Na+ ions by trees assimilative system is caused the adaptive orientation of endogenic and intraspecific variability of phytoindicative morphophysiologic features of plants functional condition under the stressing factors. This also is defined the sensitivity of small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.), norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) and horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) to the big concentration of potassium as the most danger one for the plant survival. The biggest accumulation of Na+ ions at the roots of Lombardy poplar (Populus pyramidalis Roz.), Bolle's poplar (Populus bolleana Lauche) and sugar maple (Acer saccharinum L.) is lead to a higher resistance of their assimilation system. At the technourbohabitate-pic conditions, the level of realization of ontogenetic and phylogenetic adaptive capacity of the sensitive species of trees is harmfully low (21,3–44,3 %). It is at the level of survival/death of plants. The street Lombardy poplar, Bolle's poplar and sugar maple, despite of more higher level of their adaptation (68,4–87,7 %), still also can't fully adapt to the critical levels of technogenic pollution of megalopolis environment. 

scholarly journals Prevention of forest pests by using melliferous plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Александр Михайлович Шарыгин ◽  
Александра Владимировн Кривцова
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Forest Pests ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Low Efficiency

Изучены возможности создания системы биотехнической профилактики лесных энтомовредителей с помощью растений, обладающих высокой нектарной ценностью. Проведен сравнительный анализ эффективности посевов травянистых и посадок древесно-кустарниковых нектаропродуцентов. На примере лесов хвойно-широколиственной подзоны показано, что система биотехнической профилактики лесных энтомовредителей на основе травянистых нектаропродуцентов, регламентированная Правилами осуществления мероприятий по предупреждению распространения вредных организмов (2016), обладает низкой эффективностью. В качестве альтернативы предложено применять лесные культуры с древесно-кустарниковыми нектаропродуцентами в составе, разработанные А.В. Кобяковым и С.Л. Рысиным (2011): липой мелколистной Tilia cordata Mill., клёном остролистным Аcer platanoides L., ивой козьей Salix caprea L. Возможный профилактический эффект определён путём расчёта нектарной ценности указанных фитоценозов. Наибольший показатель нектаропродуктивности выявлен у сосново-липового (берёзово-липового) типа лесных культур с примесью ивы козьей S. caprea. При формировании данного насаждения необходимость в рубках ухода минимальна. We studied the possibility of creating a system of biotechnical prevention of forest pests by using melliferous plants. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the crops of herbaceous and planting of a tree and shrub melliferous plants was performed. Using the forests of the coniferous-broad-leaved subzone as an example, it is shown that the biotechnical prophylaxis system of forest entomoretic pests based on herbaceous nectar producers, regulated by the Rules for the implementation of measures to prevent the spread of harmful organisms (2016), has low efficiency. As an alternative, it is proposed to use forest crops with tree-shrub nectar producers in the composition developed by A.V. Kobyakov and S.L. Rysin (2011): small-leaved linden Tilia cordata Mill., Norway maple Acer platanoides L., sallow Salix caprea L. The possible preventive effect was determined by calculating the nectar value of these phytocenoses. The highest indicator of nectar productivity was found in the pine-linden (birch-linden) type of forest crops mixed with sallow S. caprea. The need for thinning is minimal to form this plantation.

scholarly journals Effects of Salinity and Freezing on Acer platanoides, Tilia cordata, and Viburnum lantana

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
E.M. Zimmerman ◽  
L.G. Jull ◽  
A.M. Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Freezing Temperatures ◽  
Low Temperature Treatments ◽  
Tissue Browning

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of NaCl and freezing temperatures on dormant lateral buds of Acer platanoides L. (Norway maple), Tilia cordata Mill. (littleleaf linden), and Viburnum lantana L. (wayfaringtree viburnum). The role of bud morphology was also examined. Buds were exposed to three NaCl concentrations [0, 2000, or 16,000 mg/liter (0, 2000, 16,000 ppm)] and eleven freezing temperatures [4, −4, −8, −12, −16, −20, −24, −28, −32, −36, and −40C (39, 25, 18, 10, 3, −4, −11, −18, −26, −33, −40F)] in November 2001 and January and March 2002. Electrolyte leakage and visual ratings of outer and inner bud tissue browning were used to assess injury. Bud injury generally increased as NaCl concentrations increased and temperatures decreased. Buds exposed to NaCl and freezing temperatures had greater electrolyte leakage than buds exposed to freezing temperatures alone. Norway maple buds had the highest electrolyte leakage, followed by wayfaringtree viburnum, and littleleaf linden in response to freezing temperatures and NaCl. The naked buds of viburnum had significantly more inner tissue browning than the scaled buds of maple and linden in response to freezing temperatures and NaCl in January 2002. Wayfaringtree viburnum exhibited increased tissue injury in response to NaCl and low temperature treatments in March 2002.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Factors Determining the Health Condition of Acer Platanoides and Tilia Cordata Plantings in Selected Sites of Urban Greenery in Poznań, Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Wilkaniec ◽  
Beata Borowiak-Sobkowiak ◽  
Agnieszka Wilkaniec ◽  
Włodzimierz Breś ◽  
Dorota Frużyńska-Jóźwiak
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Urban Greenery ◽  
Norway Maple

Abstract Heavily urbanised areas are not a favourable habitat for plant growth and development. On the other hand, urbanised areas can be a favourable habitat for harmful fauna. Tin our study, those trees growing along the roadside were more heavily infested by pests than trees growing in parks. Three orders of insects, mites and lugs were identified on the Norway maple. The dominant insect species was Periphyllus aceris. On small-leaved lime four insect orders (the dominant species was and Eucallipterus tiliae) and mites were found. An overall visual inspection confirmed that of maple and lime growing in city parks were in better condition than those growing by roads.

scholarly journals Sodium Chloride Injury on Buds of Acer platanoides, Tilia cordata, and Viburnum lantana

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
E.M. Zimmerman ◽  
L.G. Jull
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Visual Observations

Dormant lateral buds of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.), littleleaf linden (Tilia cordata Mill.), and wayfaringtree viburnum (Viburnum lantana L.) were collected and exposed to nine NaCl concentrations: 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, 8,000, 16,000, 32,000, and 64,000 mg/L (0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, 8,000, 16,000, 32,000, and 64,000 ppm) in December 2001 and January and March 2002. Electrolyte leakage and visual observations of inner and outer tissue discoloration were used to assess injury. Bud injury generally increased as NaCl concentration increased. Bud morphologies of each species were related to tissue discoloration patterns; naked buds were more susceptible to NaCl than those with bud scales. Buds also exhibited seasonal NaCl resistance; the greatest resistance occurred in December. Norway maple, wayfaringtree viburnum, and littleleaf linden buds experienced 50% electrolyte leakage at calculated NaCl values of 12,941, 16,901, and 42,594 mg/L (12,941, 16,901, and 42,594 ppm) NaCl, respectively, but no severe inner tissue discoloration occurred at any level of NaCl treatment. In January, 50% electrolyte leakage occurred at lower NaCl concentrations in Norway maple [7,165 mg/L (7,165 ppm)] and littleleaf linden buds [27,118 mg/L (27,118 ppm)]. Moderate to severe inner tissue injury was detected for all species at 1,000 mg/L (1,000 ppm) NaCl. Buds were most susceptible to NaCl injury in March, with moderate to severe inner tissue discoloration occurring in wayfaringtree viburnum and littleleaf linden buds at 500 mg/L (500 ppm) NaCl.

scholarly journals Biochemical indicators of woody plants in the diagnosis of air condition

2022 ◽  
Vol 962 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
L N Anishchenko ◽  
E V Borzdyko ◽  
M V Dolganova ◽  
I V Moskalenko ◽  
M V Avramenko
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Sorbus Aucuparia ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis

Abstract It is found that anthropogenic pollution has a significant effect on the change in the content of total nitrogen, glutathione and vitamin E, which increases the resistance of woody plants to stress. A series of woody plants with regard to their sensitivity to aerosol pollution has been compiled: according to the degree of decrease in total nitrogen – Picea abies > Thuja occidentalis > Syringa vulgaris > Acer platanoides > Tilia cordata > Sorbus aucuparia; the degree of decrease in glutathione content – Picea abies > Thuja occidentalis > Syringa vulgaris > Acer platanoides > Tilia cordata > Sorbus aucuparia; the degree of decrease in the content of vitamin E – Picea abies > Thuja occidentalis > Sorbus aucuparia > Tilia cordata > Syringa vulgaris > Acer platanoides. A positive correlation was revealed between the biochemical parameters of woody plants and the monitoring complex indices proposed by the Russian meteorological service. A close direct regression dependence of the air pollution index and the average stability coefficient for the content of total nitrogen, vitamin E and glutathione in the biomass of model woody plants was revealed: with an increase in the degree of air pollution, the average stability coefficient for certain biochemical indicators increases.

Esr Indication of Heavy Metal Contamination of Urban Atmosphere

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Iosefzon-Kuyavskaya ◽  
N. Myrlyan ◽  
A. Shames
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Electron Spin Resonance ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Stable Free Radical ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Line Characteristic

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) was used for the examination oi dust samples collected from snow in an urban area. On the main doublet ESR line attributed to the signal of paramagnetic metals, a singlet line characteristic for stable free radical centers (FRC) was observed. A negative correlation of significant level between FRC signal intensity and heavy metal (HM) content was established. It was shown that FRC line intensity of dust may be used as a surrogate parameter for the estimation of air pollution by HM.

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