scholarly journals Tracking Zearalenone: Placental Transfer of a Fungal Toxin

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (7) ◽  
pp. 074001
Author(s):  
Carrie Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Fungal Toxin

Placental Transfer of Vitamin K1 and Its Implications in Fetal Hemostasis

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (01) ◽  
pp. 039-043 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Mandelbrot ◽  
M Guillaumont ◽  
M Leclercq ◽  
J J Lefrère ◽  
D Gozin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ultrasound Guidance ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Prothrombin Activity ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
The Mean

SummaryVitamin K status was evaluated using coagulation studies and/ or vitamin IQ assays in a total of 53 normal fetuses and 47 neonates. Second trimester fetal blood samples were obtained for prenatal diagnosis under ultrasound guidance. Endogenous vitamin K1 concentrations (determined by high performance liquid chromatography) were substantially lower than maternal levels. The mean maternal-fetal gradient was 14-fold at mid trimester and 18-fold at birth. Despite low vitamin K levels, descarboxy prothrombin, detected by a staphylocoagulase assay, was elevated in only a single fetus and a single neonate.After maternal oral supplementation with vitamin K1, cord vitamin K1 levels were boosted 30-fold at mid trimester and 60 fold at term, demonstrating placental transfer. However, these levels were substantially lower than corresponding supplemented maternal levels. Despite elevated vitamin K1 concentrations, supplemented fetuses and neonates showed no increase in total or coagulant prothrombin activity. These results suggest that the low prothrombin levels found during intrauterine life are not due to vitamin K deficiency.

Placental Transfer and Tissue Distribution of Ethanol-1-14C; A Radioautographic Study in Monkeys and Hamsters

1972 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beng T. Ho ◽  
G. Edward Fritchie ◽  
J. E. Idänpään-Heikkilä ◽  
William M. McIsaac
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Placental Transfer

PLACENTAL TRANSFER OF INSULIN-131I IN GUINEA PIGS IMMUNIZED AGAINST INSULIN

1966 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan I. Thorell
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Insulin Antibodies ◽  
Insulin Antibody

ABSTRACT The placenta is considered to be impermeable or only slightly permeable to insulin. Insulin antibodies are transferred from mother to foetus in man and in guinea pigs. The passage of insulin-131I from mother to foetus was studied in guinea pigs with and without antibodies against insulin. Antibody-bound insulin-131I was recovered in plasma from foetuses of immunized pregnant guinea pigs, at intervals of more than 5 hours after the injection of insulin-131I to the mother. The foetal levels of insulin-131I were rather low, the highest recorded value being 27% of the maternal plasma concentration. This peak was reached 32 hours after the injection. No insulin-131I was found in the foetuses of non-immunized guinea pigs.

Metabolic fate of the new .BETA.-adrenoceptor antagonist, bisoprolol, in animals (3): Foeto-placental transfer and excretion into milk of 14C-bisoprolol in rats.

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-185
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro YAMADA ◽  
Mika NAKAHARA ◽  
Kazuaki NAITO ◽  
Michihiro KOHNO ◽  
Minezo OTSUKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Metabolic Fate ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptor ◽  
Adrenoceptor Antagonist

Methodological Approaches to Evaluate Fetal Drug Exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naïm Bouazza ◽  
Frantz Foissac ◽  
Déborah Hirt ◽  
Saïk Urien ◽  
Sihem Benaboud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Pbpk Models ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Fetal Drug Exposure

Background: Drug prescriptions are usual during pregnancy, however, women and their fetuses still remain an orphan population with regard to drugs efficacy and safety. Most xenobiotics diffuse through the placenta and some of them can alter fetus development resulting in structural abnormalities, growth or functional deficiencies. Methods: To summarize the different methodologies developed towards the prediction of fetal drug exposure. Results: Neonatal cord blood concentration is the most specific measurement of the transplacental drug transfer at the end of pregnancy. Using the cord blood and mother drug concentrations altogether, drug exchanges between the mother and fetus can be modeled and quantified via a population pharmacokinetic analysis. Thereafter, it is possible to estimate the fetus exposure and the fetus-to-mother exposure ratio. However, the prediction of placental transfer before any administration to pregnant women is desirable. Animal studies remain difficult to interpret due to structural and functional inter-species placenta differences. The ex-vivo perfusion of the human placental cotyledon is the method of reference to study the human placental transfer of drugs because it is thought to mimic the functional placental tissue. However, extrapolation of data to in vivo situation remains difficult. Some research groups have extensively worked on physiologically based models (PBPK) to predict fetal drug exposure and showed very encouraging results. Conclusion: PBPK models appeared to be a very promising tool in order to predict fetal drug exposure in-silico. However, these models mainly picture the end of pregnancy and knowledge regarding both, development of the placental permeability and transporters is strongly needed.

Placental Transfer of Calcium and Strontium in the Rat and Rabbit

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Wasserman ◽  
C. L. Comar ◽  
M. M. Nold ◽  
F. W. Lengemann
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Placental Barrier ◽  
Tracer Techniques ◽  
Comparative Metabolism ◽  
Differential Movement

The comparative metabolism of calcium and strontium during fetal development was investigated in rats and rabbits using double tracer techniques. In general, the placental transfer from dam to fetus of strontium was about one-half that of calcium; the site of discrimination was the placental barrier. The major discrimination occurred in movement of Ca* and Sr* from dam to fetus, with little or no differential movement from fetus to dam. Under steady state conditions in the rat the relative Sr*/Ca* ratios in the fetus, maternal skeleton and diet were 0.17, 0.28 and 1, respectively. The over-all discrimination of 0.17 between fetus and diet resulted from absorption (0.42), urinary excretion (0.63) and placental transfer (0.65). In the rat it was estimated that 92% of the fetal calcium had originated from the maternal diet. In the rabbit during late pregnancy, it was determined that about 24 mg of calcium/fetus/day moved across the placenta as compared with a need of about 13 mg for fetal development.

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