scholarly journals Do U.S. Environmental Protection Agency water quality guidelines for recreational waters prevent gastrointestinal illness? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2003 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 1102-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J Wade ◽  
Nitika Pai ◽  
Joseph N S Eisenberg ◽  
John M Colford
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Water Quality Guidelines ◽  
Quality Guidelines

scholarly journals DISTRIBUSI LOGAM BERAT MANGAN (Mn) PADA AIR LAUT PERMUKAAN DI PERAIRAN TELUK STARING SULAWESI TENGGARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
. Indra ◽  
Alrum Armid ◽  
Amadhan Takwir
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Water Quality Standard

Logam berat Mangan (Mn) termasuk logam esensial yang bersumber dari peristiwa pengikisan (erosi) Mn masuk kedalam lingkungan perairan akibat dari aktivitas manusia seperti buang limbah industri, pelayaran, pertanian dan buangan limbah rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sebaran spasial logam berat Mn di Perairan Teluk Staring. Jenis penelitian yang di lakukan adalah pengambilan sampel air laut di permukaan Teluk Staring sebanyak 12 Stasiun dengan metode Purposive Random Sampling. Larutan sampel dianalisis dengan Spektrofometri Serapan Atom (SSA). Analisis sebaran spasial menggunakan metode interpolasi IDW pada ArcGIS. Dari hasil pengukuran menunjukan kisaran kosentrasi kadar logam Mn di 12 Stasiun sebesar 0,1153 dan 0,4077 ppm. Nilai rata-rata logam Mn adalah antara 0, 2463 ppm. Kadar logam Mn yang tertinggi terdapat pada Stasiun 3 dan 4. Hasil analisis spasial dari 12 Stasiun menunjukan bahwa pada semua stasiun pengamatan telah  terkontaminasi oleh logam berat Mn, dengan konsentrasi melewati standar baku mutu yang telah ditentukan oleh ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Water Quality Standard 1972. Dalam hal ini Teluk Staring telah tercemar oleh logam berat Mn. Sedangkan variabel lingkungan (Suhu,Salinitas dan pH) terhadap konsentrasi Logam Berat Mn tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan.Kata kunci: Logam Berat Mangan (Mn), Distribusi Spasial, Teluk Staring

scholarly journals Challenges and future prospects for developing Ca and Mg water quality guidelines: a meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 374 (1764) ◽  
pp. 20180364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Bogart ◽  
Ali Azizishirazi ◽  
Greg G. Pyle
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Water Quality Guidelines ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Toxicological Studies

Anthropogenic activities have the potential to increase water hardness (Ca + Mg) in receiving waters to toxic concentrations, and thus, water quality guidelines (WQG) for Ca and Mg are warranted. However, Ca can modify Mg toxicity in Ca-poor water and additional interactions with other major ions (Na + , K + , HCO 3 − /CO 3 2− , SO 4 2− and Cl − ) may occur, potentially obscuring the water hardness–effect relationship. In a meta-analysis of toxicological studies, we: (i) evaluate the performance of three WQG derivation methods, and (ii) determine the influence of several variables (acute/chronic data, anions, Ca:Mg ratios, non-geographically relevant species) on the models. We find that the most sensitive species- or species sensitivity distribution (SSD)-based WQG derivation methods greatly overestimate water hardness toxicity, particularly if non-resident species are included. Broad-scale implementation of most sensitive species- or SSD-based WQG is impractical because water hardness varies beyond and within the regional scale. Anion type does not affect water hardness toxicity across species, but the Ca : Mg ratio is toxicologically relevant, underscoring the importance of considering ion ratios when developing major ion WQG. Although data supporting formal water hardness WQG are unavailable, we suggest using a two-component background condition approach that supports simultaneous management of water hardness and Ca : Mg ratio, and WQG that are applicable beyond the regional scale. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Valuation of Surface Water Quality Improvements

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Griffiths ◽  
Heather Klemick ◽  
Matt Massey ◽  
Chris Moore ◽  
Steve Newbold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Protection Agency

scholarly journals Enterococci as Indicators of Lake Michigan Recreational Water Quality: Comparison of Two Methodologies and Their Impacts on Public Health Regulatory Events

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Kinzelman ◽  
Clement Ng ◽  
Emma Jackson ◽  
Stephen Gradus ◽  
Robert Bagley
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Recreational Water Quality ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The frequency of poor-water-quality advisories issued in Milwaukee and Racine, Wisconsin, in the absence of identifiable sources of contamination brought into question the reliability of the present indicator organism, Escherichia coli. Enteroccoci have been suggested as an alternative to E. coli for freshwater monitoring due to their direct correlation to swimmer-associated gastroenteritis. The purpose of this research was threefold: (i) to explore enterococci as an alternative to E. coli for monitoring freshwater Lake Michigan beaches, (ii) to evaluate the impact of the two indicators on regulatory decisions, and (iii) to compare membrane filtration m-enterococcus agar with indoxyl-β-d-glucoside to a chemical substrate technique (Enterolert) for the recovery of enterococci. Recreational water samples from Milwaukee (n = 305) and Racine (n = 153) were analyzed for the enumeration of E. coli and enterococci using IDEXX Colilert-18 and Enterolert. Correlation between the indicators was low (R 2 = 0.60 and 0.69). Based on U.S. Environmental Protection Agency bacterial indicator threshold levels of risk for full body immersion, using enterococci would have resulted in 56 additional unsafe-recreational-water-quality advisories compared to the total from using E. coli and the substrate-based methods. A comparison of the two enterococcal methods (n = 124) yielded similar results (R 2 = 0.62). This was further confounded by the frequent inability to verify enterococci from those wells producing fluorescence by the defined substrate test using conventional microbiological methods. These results suggest that further research is necessary regarding the use of defined substrate technology interchangeably with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-approved membrane filtration test for the detection of enterococci from fresh surface water.

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