scholarly journals Characterization of Phthalate Exposure among Pregnant Women Assessed by Repeat Air and Urine Samples

2008 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Adibi ◽  
Robin M. Whyatt ◽  
Paige L. Williams ◽  
Antonia M. Calafat ◽  
David Camann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Phthalate Exposure

scholarly journals Prenatal Phthalate Exposure Reduction Through an Integrated Intervention Strategy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wu ◽  
Liu Cao ◽  
Ting-Ting Zheng ◽  
Shu-Yu Feng ◽  
Guan-Wei Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Exposure Reduction ◽  
Phthalate Exposure ◽  
Butyl Phthalate ◽  
Subsequent Intervention

Abstract Pregnancy represents a sensitive susceptibility window to phthalate esters (PAEs). In this study, we develop an intervention strategy for reducing the exposure of pregnant women to phthalates. Thirty-five pregnant women, who initially underwent maternity examination, were recruited from an ongoing longitudinal prospective prenatal cohort study. The intervention strategy integrates diet, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Participants were encouraged to modify their behaviors and habits according to the intervention strategy at three different periods. Urine samples were collected from the participants after antenatal examination every month, for 8 months, to measure ten PAEs metabolites. The mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) (MEHHP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) declined significantly after the 1st intervention, while mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) and mono-methyl phthalate (MMP) noticeably reduced after 2nd intervention. The sum of the molar concentrations of MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP, and MECPP reduced by 20% to 40% during subsequent intervention. In addition, the sum of the molar concentrations of MEP, MnBP, MMP, and MiBP) as well as the sum of the molar concentrations of the ten metabolites also reduced. Our findings suggest that intervention through written recommendations can effectively reduce the burden of phthalates during pregnancy.

Epidemiological Characterization of the Infection by Treponema Pallidum in Pregnant Women in Beira City, Sofala, Mozambique

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nchowela Guido
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Epidemiological Characterization ◽  
Active Syphilis ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Introduction: Syphilis is one of several diseases that can be transmitted during pregnancy and childbirth, which can lead to complications during pregnancy and in the newborn. This is especially so when the pregnant woman is not diagnosed or treated properly and in a timely manner. Methodology: Data from 262 pregnant women prospectively included, aged 18-41years, attended at the Ponta Gêa Health Centre for antenatal clinics has been analyzed from January to September of 2016. In the prospective study, a rapid treponemal and a non-treponemal test were performed. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio demographic and clinical variables, which was developed from the literature review. Results: The prevalence of active syphilis was 11.8%; the majority of reactive pregnant women were aged 18-25years (55.4%), (61.3%) of pregnant women were treated with doses below those recommended; only a small number of the partners were treated successfully. The highest seroprevalence of syphilis was found in housewives (77%), in those who attended primary education (71.6%) in those who had a monthly income of 1000- 3000 MZN (70.3%), in those with two or more pregnancies (55.7%) and living with someone has husband and wife (63.5%). The syphilis/HIV co-infection rate was high. Conclusion: According to the results obtained in this study, urgent measures are needed to assess the problems encountered and to improve the screening approach, treatment and monitoring of syphilis during pregnancy in order to prevent the cases of congenital syphilis.

scholarly journals Indoor phthalate exposure and contributions to total intake among pregnant women in the SELMA study

Indoor Air ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna‐Sofia Preece ◽  
Huan Shu ◽  
Malin Knutz ◽  
Annette M. Krais ◽  
Gabriel Bekö ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Total Intake ◽  
Phthalate Exposure

scholarly journals Circulating Heme Oxygenase-1: Not a Predictor of Preeclampsia but Highly Expressed in Pregnant Women Who Subsequently Develop Severe Preeclampsia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria C. Sandrim ◽  
Mayara Caldeira-Dias ◽  
Heloisa Bettiol ◽  
Marco Antonio Barbieri ◽  
Viviane Cunha Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Preeclampsia is the major cause of maternal and fetal deaths worldwide. Circulating biomarker concentrations to predict preeclampsia must be determined. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) concentration in both plasma and urine samples from pregnant women before the development of preeclampsia and to identify a potential biomarker for preeclampsia development. We performed a case-control study nested in a prospective study cohort at University Hospital of the Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (HCFMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. Of 1400 pregnant women evaluated at 20–25 weeks of gestation, 460 delivered in hospitals outside our institution. Of 940 pregnant women who completed the protocol, 30 developed preeclampsia (cases, 14 cases of severe preeclampsia and 16 cases of mild preeclampsia). Healthy pregnant women (controls, n=90) were randomly selected from the remaining 910 participants. HO-1 concentration was evaluated in plasma/urine samples by using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. We found similar HO-1 levels in the plasma and urine for case and control groups. In the subgrouped preeclampsia, lower plasma HO-1 levels were found in mild compared with severe preeclampsia. We conclude that plasma HO-1 levels were not altered at 20–25 weeks of gestation before the manifestation of preeclampsia symptoms. Pregnant women who subsequently develop severe preeclampsia show higher expression of HO-1. This may be indicative of important underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms that differentiate between mild and severe preeclampsia and may possibly be related to a higher prooxidative status even before the development of clinical symptoms.

scholarly journals VP1 DNA sequences of JC and BK viruses detected in urine of systemic lupus erythematosus patients reveal no differences from strains expressed in normal individuals

2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 2625-2633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Signy Bendiksen ◽  
Ole Petter Rekvig ◽  
Marijke Van Ghelue ◽  
Ugo Moens
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Virus Reactivation ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Urine Specimens

The ubiquitous human polyomaviruses BK (BKV) and JC (JCV) persist with no adverse effects in immunocompetent individuals. Virus-induced pathogenesis has been linked to virus reactivation during impaired immune conditions. Previous studies have shown a significant difference between the VP1 DNA sequences of JCV obtained from control urine samples and those in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy brain samples. This difference could not be detected when comparing normal control urinary JCV DNA with DNA sequences from chronic progressive multiple sclerosis patients. Since BKV and JCV are readily activated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, the presence of specific strains, related to VP1 DNA sequences, was investigated in these patients. VP1 DNA sequences in 100 urine samples from 21 SLE patients and 75 urine samples from 75 healthy pregnant women were analysed and compared to previously reported sequences. The results show that the VP1 sequence profiles of JCV and BKV excreted by SLE patients do not differ significantly from those excreted by immunocompetent individuals. The European JCV subtypes 1A or 1B were represented among all JCV-positive urine specimens, while BKV VP1 sequences showed complete, or almost complete, identity with the MM or JL strains. Different urine samples from the same patient collected over a 1 year period were predominantly stable. BKV VP1 DNA in urine specimens from healthy pregnant women was only detected during the third trimester of their pregnancy. These results argue against SLE-specific JCV and BKV strains and suggest reactivation of the viruses rather than recurrent re-infections of patients with SLE.

EXCRETION OF 15α-HYDROXYOESTRIOL AND OESTRIOL IN URINE OF NEWBORN INFANTS AND IN MATERNAL URINE BEFORE AND AFTER DELIVERY

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
JORMA HEIKKILÄ
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Maternal Urine ◽  
Before And After

SUMMARY The amounts of oestriol and 15α-hydroxyoestriol (oestetrol) were determined in 24-h urine samples collected from pregnant women before and after delivery. In addition, the concentrations of these oestrogens were estimated in the urine of the newborn infants born to these mothers. The excretion of both these oestrogens decreased exponentially in maternal urine after delivery, the rate of decrease being significantly slower for oestetrol. The concentration of oestriol and oestetrol in the urine of the newborn infants also fell rapidly after delivery, the reduction being a linear function of time. The concentration of oestetrol in the urine of the newborn infant was relatively high in comparison to that of oestriol, and during the first day of life was the same as in maternal urine before delivery.

Comparative Study of Genetic and Antibacterial Profiles of Nigerian Indigenous and Exotic Varieties of Garlic (Allium sativum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pius A. Okiki ◽  
Oluwafunmilayo Adegbola ◽  
Pius Ade-Ojo ◽  
Amos A. Onasanya ◽  
Olufemi Oyelakin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Genetic Profiles

Extracts and isolated compounds of Allium sativum (garlic) have been found to be of health benefit. The study was aimed at assessing the effects of crude garlic extracts on urinopathogens of pregnant women, as well as to compare the antibacterial and genetic profiles of Nigerian indigenous and exotic varieties of garlic. Biodata and urine samples were collected from two hundred (200) healthy pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. The urine samples were subjected to urinalysis and bacteriological investigations. The subjects were 20 - 43 (31.03 ± 1.46) years old, with modal age 25-30 years. Urinalysis of subjects’ urine samples showed no nitrituria, haematuria and bilirubinuria. However, glucosuria (1.5%), ketonuria (3%), leukocyturia (15%) and proteinuria (24%) were detected. Bacterial loads of the urine samples range from 0 to 1100 (with mean value of 315.72) cfU/mL, an indication of non-urinary tract infection bacteriuria. Bacteria isolated from the urine samples were: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella variicola, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, citrobacter freundii, corynebacterium accolens, Actinomyces urogenitalis, Luteococcus sanguinis and Bacillus cereus among others. The bacterial isolates showed high prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria, with resistance to 2-8 drugs. The filtrates of crushed and centrifuged bulbs of both the indigenous and exotic varieties of garlic produced high antibacterial activities, while both ethanolic and methanolic extracts of garlic did not produce antibacterial activity. The indigenous variety showed higher antibacterial activities and protein qualities than the exotic variety, with both varieties showing genetic diversity. In conclusion, the Nigerian indigenous garlic was found to be of high antibacterial and protein qualities; and for maximal health benefit garlic needs to be chewed or crushed and consumed directly.

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