History of OR: Useful history of operations research

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Operations Research ◽  
History Of Or ◽  
History Of

SWEATING IN CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Blanche P. Alter ◽  
Emily E. Czapek ◽  
Richard D. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Sweat Test ◽  
Endocardial Fibroelastosis ◽  
History Of Or ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sweat Tests

Sweating was found to be increased in children with congenital heart disease who had a propensity to congestive heart failure, e.g., children with endocardial fibroelastosis or large or moderate sized left-to-right shunts. This was suggested in a review of cardiac clinic records of 220 patients and was supported by the results of pilocarpine sweat tests which were performed on 34 cardiac patients. By history and by measurement of the amount of sweat produced, children with a history of or tendency toward heart failure could be predicted though patients did not need to be in failure when tested. Contrary to previous opinion, the left-to-right shunt was not in itself sufficient to cause the child to sweat. The shunt had to be large enough to be associated with failure at some time. It is suggested that the pilocarpine sweat test might actually be useful as an aid in predicting a child's potential for heart failure. Several theories regarding the mechanism of sweating in these situations are discussed.

From Decision Making to Decision Support

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Adam ◽  
Ciara Heavin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Operations Research ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Full Diversity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Considerable Depth

In such a complex and well-researched domain as decision support systems (DSS), with a long history of authors making insightful contributions since the 1960’s, it is critical for researchers, especially those less experienced, to have a broad knowledge of the seminal work that has been carried out by prior generations of researchers. This can serve to avoid proposing research questions which have been considered many times before, without having consideration for the answers which have been put forward by previous scholars, thereby reinventing the wheel or “rediscovering” findings about the life of organizations that have been presented long before. The study of human and managerial decision-making is also characterized by considerable depth and seminal research going back to the beginning of the 20th century, across a variety of fields of research including psychology, social psychology, sociology or indeed operations research. Inasmuch as decision-making and decision support are inextricably linked, it is essential for researchers in DSS to be very familiar with both stream of research in their full diversity so they are able to understand both what activity is being supported and how to analyze requirements for developing decision support artefacts. In addition, whilst the area of decision support has sometimes been characterized by technology-based hype, it is critical to recognize that only a clear focus on the thinking and actions of managers can provide decisive directions for research on their decision support needs. In this article, we consider first the characteristics of human cognition, before concentrating on the decision-making needs of managers and the lessons that can be derived for the development of DSS.

scholarly journals Healthy women with severe early life trauma show altered neural facilitation of emotion inhibition under acute stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2075-2084
Author(s):  
Sabrina Golde ◽  
Katja Wingenfeld ◽  
Antje Riepenhausen ◽  
Nina Schröter ◽  
Juliane Fleischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
History Of Or ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
Early Life Trauma ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

AbstractBackgroundAcross psychopathologies, trauma-exposed individuals suffer from difficulties in inhibiting emotions and regulating attention. In trauma-exposed individuals without psychopathology, only subtle alterations of neural activity involved in regulating emotions have been reported. It remains unclear how these neural systems react to demanding environments, when acute (non-traumatic but ordinary) stress serves to perturbate the system. Moreover, associations with subthreshold clinical symptoms are poorly understood.MethodsThe present fMRI study investigated response inhibition of emotional faces before and after psychosocial stress situations. Specifically, it compared 25 women (mean age 31.5 ± 9.7 years) who had suffered severe early life trauma but who did not have a history of or current psychiatric disorder, with 25 age- and education-matched trauma-naïve women.ResultsUnder stress, response inhibition related to fearful faces was reduced in both groups. Compared to controls, trauma-exposed women showed decreased left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) activation under stress when inhibiting responses to fearful faces, while activation of the right anterior insula was slightly increased. Also, groups differed in brain–behaviour correlations. Whereas stress-induced false alarm rates on fearful stimuli negatively correlated with stress-induced IFG signal in controls, in trauma-exposed participants, they positively correlated with stress-induced insula activation.ConclusionNeural facilitation of emotion inhibition during stress appears to be altered in trauma-exposed women, even without a history of or current psychopathology. Decreased activation of the IFG in concert with heightened bottom-up salience of fear related cues may increase vulnerability to stress-related diseases.

Magnet Ingestion in Dogs: Two Cases

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Kiefer ◽  
Heidi Hottinger ◽  
Tony Kahn ◽  
Mary Ngo ◽  
Ron Ben-Amotz
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Perforation ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Gastrointestinal Perforation ◽  
History Of Or ◽  
Magnetic Attraction ◽  
Abdominal Radiographs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnet Ingestion ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tissue

Two dogs that had ingested foreign bodies were presented with vomiting. The foreign bodies appeared as metal and dense on abdominal radiographs. Abdominal exploratory identified intestinal perforation in one case and gastrointestinal tissue trapped between the two foreign bodies adhered to each other in the second case. The foreign bodies were identified as magnets in one case and magnets and other metallic foreign bodies in the second case. Both dogs had excellent outcomes following surgical intervention. These cases demonstrate the danger of tissue entrapment between the foreign bodies as a result of the magnetic attraction between two objects. Dogs that are presented with a history of or are suspect for ingesting multiple magnets or a magnet and metal foreign bodies should be treated with surgical intervention because of the risk of gastrointestinal perforation as a result of magnetic attraction between the foreign bodies.

Assessment of Apixaban Prescribing Patterns for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation in Hospitalized Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin M. Gibson ◽  
Carmen B. Smith ◽  
Sondra Davis ◽  
Michael J. Scalese
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
History Of Or ◽  
Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Off Label ◽  
History Of

Background: Apixaban is a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Other DOACs require renal dose adjustments based solely on creatinine clearance. Apixaban differs in that its dose adjustments are more complex, potentially leading to prescribing errors. Objective: To determine if adherence to Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved dosing for apixaban is maintained in hospitalized patients with NVAF. Methods: Patients ≥18 years old with NVAF who received apixaban during admission to 1 of 3 hospitals were evaluated. The primary outcome was to determine if providers order apixaban in accordance with FDA-approved dosages. Secondary outcomes included determining if pharmacist review increased the number of orders in accordance with FDA-approved dosing, which of the 3 criteria (age ≥80 years, body weight ≤60 kg, or serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL) were met in patients receiving off-label dosing, and the rationale for off-label prescribing. Results: A total of 556 patients met inclusion criteria. Apixaban was dosed according to FDA labeling by providers in 83.4% (n = 464) of orders. After pharmacist review, 87.0% (n = 484) of orders were at the approved dose, 12.2% (n = 68) were underdosed, and 0.7% (n = 4) were overdosed. Most patients who were underdosed met only 1 dose reduction criterion—most commonly age ≥80 years (56.0%). Reasons for off-label dosing included home dose continuation (39.0%), history of or perceived bleeding risk (30.5%), or unspecified/other (30.5%). Conclusions: The majority of apixaban orders for NVAF were based on FDA-approved dosages after provider entry and pharmacist review.

scholarly journals One-Year Costs in Patients With a History of or at Risk for Atherothrombosis in the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Mahoney ◽  
Kaijun Wang ◽  
David J. Cohen ◽  
Alan T. Hirsch ◽  
Mark J. Alberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
At Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of Or ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year
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