أثر مزاد العملة الأجنبية للبنك المركزي على التنمية الاقتصادية وانعكاسها على الدور الاقتصادي للمصارف الإسلامية في جمهورية العراق = The Impact of Foreign Currency Auction of Central Bank on Economic Development and Its Reflection upon the Economical Role of Islamic Banks in the Republic of Iraq

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-144
Author(s):  
السالم ، محمد صباح
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals THE ESSENCE OF THE CATEGORY OF SMALL AND PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ITS SPECIFICITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Akmal Yorievich Ostanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Private Enterprises ◽  
Private Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Employment Needs ◽  
The Impact

Small and private entrepreneurship is becoming increasingly important in the world economy. International experience shows that the impact of small and private entrepreneurship on economic growth through the creation of new jobs is very important. The role of these enterprises is growing, especially as economic development progresses towards services and information technology. Small and private enterprises are becoming economic entities where new techniques and technologies are rapidly introduced, advanced management methods are rapidly applied and effective in the short term. Indeed, the role of employment in economic growth through the development of small and private entrepreneurship is immeasurable.In particular, entrepreneurship plays an important role not only in the socio-economic life of the republic, but also in the regions. Entrepreneurship is a source of endless opportunities for the development of market relations, ensuring the stability of the economy, attracting investment from domestic and foreign sources, as well as meeting the growing employment needs of the population. Indeed, the origin of small and private enterprises is a reflection of a complex set of needs of different composition, primarily due to the need to increase the number of enterprises that can influence and withstand market competition in the country's economy; second, it is characterized by the fact that small and private businesses are the cheapest, preferred, and preferred method of recruiting the population. The article summarizes the laws of emergence and formation of entrepreneurship. In particular, it was found that the emergence of criteria based on the number of employees as well as production indicators has made small and private entrepreneurship an important phenomenon of economic development. Accordingly, it is proposed to improve the characteristics of small and private entrepreneurship using both criteria, and a new, improved definition of the concept of "entrepreneurship" and "entrepreneur" applied to employment. The article consists of an introduction, goals and objectives, methods, results and comments, and a conclusion.

scholarly journals The Role of Monetary Policy Announcements on Turkish Banks' Stock Returns

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Nida Abdioğlu ◽  
Sinan Aytekin
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Cumulative Abnormal Returns ◽  
Monetary Policy Committee ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

This paper investigates the impact of monetary policy committee decisions of the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey on the stock returns of the deposit banks listed in Borsa Istanbul Banks Index (XBANK). The cumulative abnormal returns of the banks are calculated for 2008 and 2012. We report that the monetary policy announcements affect cumulative abnormal returns of the deposits banks both in 2008 and 2012. Since the announcement of the monetary policy decisions created abnormal returns, we conclude that the market does not have semi-strong form efficiency.

scholarly journals The Impact of Islamic Banking on the Jordanian Economy Compared with Commercial Banks

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Taha Barakat Al-shawawreh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
The Impact

<p>This research aims to evaluate the role of Islamic Banking in supporting the economic growth in Jordan, compared y commercial banks. Data was collected from the literature and the annual reports of two Jordanian banks representing Islamic and commercial banks. By analyzing the figures of the two banks, the results showed that Islamic banks have more ability to support the economic development in the Kingdom.</p>

scholarly journals Role of seasonality in the socio-economic development of rural areas of the southern part of the Republic of Karelia

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Alexey Naumov ◽  
Varvara Akimova ◽  
Daria Elmanova ◽  
Elizaveta Velichko ◽  
Mikhail Topnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe objective of this work is to analyze the impact of seasonality on the socio-economic development of rural areas of the southern part of Karelia. This study is based on the field data obtained via semi-structured in-depth interviews with experts from the local community. The results show that the influence of seasonality is rather indirect, being a constituent of other factors: economic, infrastructural, institutional, social, etc. Although seasonality is most often perceived as a negative phenomenon regarding socio-economic development, modern types of economic activity characterized by a peak of activity in different seasons of the year mitigate the effect of seasonality and even benefit from being seasonal. Based on the materials collected, a typology of rural settlements of the southern part of Karelia based on the nature of the effect of seasonality has been developed (with a predominantly positive and predominantly negative effect).

scholarly journals Transformation of the institutional environment of a timber enterprise as a factor of social and economic development of the Finno-Ugric region in the 1990-ies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Oleg I. Kulagin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Timber Industry ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The article examines the processes of transformation of the institutional environment of the regional timber industry enterprises in Karelia in the 1990s. The aim of the study was to identify the impact of this transformation at the level of socio-economic development of the Republic of Karelia as a Finno-Ugric region with the predominant development of the branches of the timber industry. Materials and Methods. The research methodology is based on the use of a predominantly institutional approach. Its application makes it possible to trace the changes that occurred in the structure of the institutional environment of regional timber industry enterprises with the beginning of market transformations in the 1990-ies, as well as the degree of effectiveness of the interaction of this enterprise with various economic entities. Results and Discussion. The analysis of the changes that took place in the first post-Soviet decade in the institutional environment of regional timber industry showed a number of negative aspects. First of all, the role of the state greatly reduced, which was unable to form effective “rules of the game” for the timber economy. The Forest Code adopted in 1997 infringed upon the rights of Karelia as a subject of the Federation, since only a part of the forests could be transferred to the ownership of the Republic. In the current difficult conditions, with the absence of the party and state control departments, and the difficult financial situation of the region, the role of regional authorities in solving the problems of forestry enterprises increased. In the context of spontaneous privatization and the collapse of the financial system, timber industry enterprises faced numerous problems of interaction with suppliers, customers, consumers and banks. This period was the time of the strengthening of the role of foreign companies in the work of timber enterprises. Unfortunately, having received a controlling stake in a number of domestic enterprises, foreign entrepreneurs were in no hurry to invest in their development. Conclusion. The transformations that took place in the institutional environment of the regional forestry enterprises in the 1990-ies negatively affected the level of the socio-economic development of Finno-Ugric region, based on the development of branches of the timber industry complex.

Republic of Moldova in the Context of Regional Security Challenges in Eastern Europe

2018 ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Stefan Tibuleac
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Security System ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Strategic Uncertainty ◽  
European Security ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

This article analyzes the most current security issues for the Republic of Moldova that are part of the regional security context of Eastern Europe –the region that can be considered the epicenter of international tensions through which the„geopolitical line of fracture”passes. The geographical position of the Republic of Moldova makes this state particularly sensitive to any negative trends in theregion. Growing of international tensions creates security threats and complicates economic development. From a historical point of view, Moldova has repeatedly fallen victim by the confrontation of the great powers. Therefore, the Republic of Moldova has a vital interest in preventing a new conflict in Eastern Europe. This article is based on a number of assumptions made by changes in the European security environment, such as the „shift of weight” to the East, strategic uncertainty, increasing the role of non-state actors, the situation in eastern Ukraine, etc. Based on these assumptions, this article makes an attempt to outline the potential role of the Republic of Moldova in the Eastern European security system, taking into account the desideratum for integration of the republic into the European Union. Other relevant factors will be taken into account for shaping the role of the Republic of Moldova in the European security system, namely: the security deficit; the impact of NATO and EU security policy; the rebirth of the project to create a regional defense alliance, etc. This article will largely take into account the military aspects of security. Keywords: Republic of Moldova, national security, Eastern Europe, NATO, Intermarium, defence, threats, risks, challenges

The Role of Oil and Gas in the Economic Development of the Global Economy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas Producers ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Factor Inputs ◽  
The Impact

This chapter is concerned with the role of oil and gas in the economic development of the global economy. It focuses on the context in which established and newer oil and gas producers in developing countries must frame their policies to optimize the benefits of such resources. It outlines a history of the issue over the last twenty-five years. It considers oil and gas as factor inputs, their role in global trade, the role of oil prices in the macroeconomy and the impact of the geopolitics of oil and gas. It then considers various conventional views of the future of oil and gas in the primary energy mix. Finally, it challenges the drivers behind these conventional views of the future with an emphasis on why they may prove to be different from what is expected and how this may change the context in which producers must frame their policy responses.

scholarly journals A review of challenges and benefits of integration of CHP plant into the grid: a case study in Serbia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rade M. Ciric ◽  
Sasa N. Mandic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Voltage Supply ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe Republic of Serbia must make significant efforts to promote and exploit renewable energy sources and increase energy efficiency in all energy sectors to ensure energy security and economic competitiveness, reduce the negative impact on the environment from energy production and use, and contribute to global efforts to reduce greenhouse gases. Within the paper several issues of integration of recently realized CHP plant are introduced and discussed. Firstly, the legal and energy policy issues in the Republic of Serbia regarding connecting CHP to the grid are presented. The challenges and technical solutions for CHP connection to the grid, as well as power quality issues and the role of the CHP plant during the restoration of power supply during the maintenance of the substation and unplanned loss of high voltage supply, are presented and discussed. Finally, the impact of prospective massive integration of CHP on the energy balance and CO2 emission reduction in the province of Vojvodina in Serbia is investigated and discussed. Since it is the first CHP plant realized in Serbia, it is crucial that experience be shared to all potential stakeholders in the future energy efficiency projects.

Financial Access of Latin America and Caribbean Firms: What Are the Roles of Institutional, Financial, and Economic Development?

2021 ◽  
pp. 097265272110153
Author(s):  
Lan Khanh Chu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Latin America And Caribbean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

This article examines the impact of institutional, financial, and economic development on firms’ access to finance in Latin America and Caribbean region. Based on firm- and country-level data from the World Bank databases, we employ an ordered logit model to understand the direct and moderating role of institutional, financial, and economic development in determining firms’ financial obstacles. The results show that older, larger, facing less competition and regulation burden, foreign owned, and affiliated firms report lower obstacles to finance. Second, better macro-fundamentals help to lessen the level of obstacles substantially. Third, the role of institutions in promoting firms’ inclusive finance is quite different to the role of financial development and economic growth. JEL classification: E02; G10; O16; P48

CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF ACHIEVING INTELLECTUAL LEADERSHIP

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Tsymbal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intellectual Leadership

The article identifies the key conceptual foundations for the formation of intellectual leadership of economic entities, including countries as specific actors in the global economy. Thorough preconditions for increasing the level of economic development and the impact of education have been identified. It is determined that historical concepts and modern realities of economic activity only actualize the role of education and enlightenment in the economic development of the national economy and ensuring its competitiveness. The strategies of increasing the competitiveness of individual countries of the world are analyzed, their key priorities in the conditions of formation of the knowledge economy are determined. The evolution of views on the role of human and intellectual capital in increasing the welfare of countries, the impact on GDP and other macroeconomic indicators is described. The ratings of countries are analyzed, in particular by the level of investment in intellectual capital and the structure of their GDP, which confirms the dominance of science-intensive economic activities. In addition, it was determined that the leading countries are characterized by increasing the role of knowledge-intensive activities, increasing the share of intangible assets, redistribution of capital of leading international companies and increasing research spending, increasing investment in human and intellectual capital, increasing exports of high-tech products. Analytical assessment confirms the advanced development of science-intensive industries in countries with developed economies, which creates the need for training and retraining of specialists needed for such industries. In modern conditions, the educational process ceases to be predominantly the prerogative of young people, and becomes a lifelong process, which increases spending on education in developed countries, but without denying the significant asymmetries on this indicator. Research confirms the direct relationship between the quality of human and physical capital and economic development, which is typical of highly developed countries, one of the main reasons for the development lag of the poorest countries. In addition, the article substantiates the key factors of intellectual leadership and their impact on the development of economic development strategies.

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