تقدير الاقتصاد الخفي باستخدام طريقة الطلب على العملة : دراسة الحالة الفلسطينية = Estimating the Hidden Economy Using Currency Demand Approach : A Case Study of Palestine

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-156
Author(s):  
خليل أحمد النمروطي ◽  
أحمد محمود الأستاذ
Keyword(s):  
Hidden Economy ◽  
Currency Demand ◽  
Currency Demand Approach

scholarly journals An Empirical Estimation of the Underground Economy in Ghana

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Asiedu ◽  
Thanasis Stengos
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Underground Economy ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Empirical Estimation ◽  
Demand Equation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Currency Demand ◽  
Currency Demand Approach ◽  
Average Size

The main aim of this paper is to estimate the size of the underground economy in Ghana during the period 1983–2003. There is no agreement on the appropriate estimation approach to adopt to measure the size of the underground activities. To this end, we employ the well-applied currency demand approach in our measurement. Parameter estimates from the estimated currency demand equation are used in quantifying the ratio of “underground” to “measured” output/income for the Ghanaian economy. The estimated long-run average size of the underground economy to GDP for Ghana over the period is 40%. The underground economy is found to vary from a high of 54% in 1985 to a low of 25% in 1999. Estimates may represent lower bound estimates.

scholarly journals Measuring the informal economy in South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Saunders ◽  
E Loots
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Formal Economy ◽  
Currency Demand ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Currency Demand Approach ◽  
The Impact

Measuring the size of the South African informal economy has received inadequate attention, making it difficult for policy-makers to assess the impact of policy measures to stimulate informal economic activity. This article aims to estimate the size of the informal economy by using the Currency Demand Approach.  The empirical results reveal that the informal economy as a percentage of GDP decreased from 1967 to 1993, before levelling off.  The growth in the informal econmy has also underperformed in comparison to formal economic growth. There appears to be a causal relationship running from the informal to the formal economy. Macro-economic policies aimed at the formal economy will not necessarily 'trickle down' to the informal, while these polcies aimed at the informal economy may have a profound effect on the formal economy.

scholarly journals The Shadow Economy of Czech Republic and Tax Evasion: The Currency Demand Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 2081-2086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Nchor ◽  
Tomáš Konderla
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Velocity Of Money ◽  
Currency Demand ◽  
Currency Demand Approach ◽  
Automatic Teller Machines ◽  
Two Stages

This study investigates the shadow economy of Czech Republic and the associated losses in tax revenue. The presence of a shadow economy may not necessarily be bad for the economies in which they prevail but they could cause huge losses to government revenue and could also constitute serious violation of labour regulations. The study uses the Currency Demand Approach. It measures the size of the shadow economy in two stages: a) the econometric estimation of an aggregate money demand equation b) the calculation of the value of the shadow economy through the quantity theory of money. The key variables in the study include: the total currency held outside the banking system, the number of automatic teller machines, the deposit interest rate, GDP deflator, the average tax, velocity of money, nominal GDP and nominal money supply. The results from the study show that the shadow economy of Czech Republic on the average is about 20.9 % as at the end of 2013 and the country loses an average tax revenue of about 7.2 % of GDP yearly. The data was obtained from the World Bank country indicators and the International Financial Statistics.

Reply to Gebhard Kirchgässner

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars P. Feld ◽  
Friedrich Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Double Counting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Currency Demand ◽  
Currency Demand Approach ◽  
Mimic Approach

Abstract In this reply to Kirchgässner, four issues are addressed: (1) the extent of double counting in attempts to reconcile estimates of the shadow economy based on the survey method and estimates based on the MIMIC (cum currency demand) approach, (2) advantages and disadvantages of the survey method, (3) of macro methods like the MIMIC approach and (4) the potential role of plausibility checks of estimates from the MIMIC approach with the survey method.

scholarly journals The Shadow Economy in Colombia: Size and Effects on Economic Growth

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Schneider ◽  
Bettina Hametner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Indirect Taxation ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Currency Demand ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Currency Demand Approach ◽  
Over Time

AbstractUsing the currency demand approach, size and development of Colombia’s shadow economy are estimated over the period from 1980 to 2012. The results show a great extent of shadow economic activity varying over time between 27 and 56% of GDP. The most important factors driving the shadow economy are indirect taxation and unemployment. Analyzing the interaction between shadow and official economy, the shadow economy has a negative effect on the official one. Average growth of real per capita GDP is 1.86% between 1980 and 2012, without shadow economy it would have been higher around 0.12 percentage points on average.

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