scholarly journals Evaluating Eye Tracking Technology for Assessment of Students with Profound and Multiple Learning Difficulties

2021 ◽  
pp. 269-308
Author(s):  
Rajvir Gill ◽  
Sarah Younie
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Teacher Assessment ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Tracking Technology

Eye-Gaze Tracking Technology (EGTT) is used most commonly as a communication tool for learners with profound and multiple learning difficulties (PMLD). This research investigates the use of EGTT as an assessment tool to provide additional evidence to confirm teacher assessment. The paper contributes to how teachers can address the barriers faced upon assessing students with PMLD through the use EGTT. Data was obtained from a sample of four students with PMLD and physical disabilities located within a special needs school. The qualitative methodology ensured a triangulation of data collection, which included analysis of learners’ heat maps, parent questionnaires and observations of teaching via video capture. It was found that the eye-tracking data provided information on individual learner’s engagement with the learning objectives, which otherwise could not have been communicated. The innovative technology provided an independent data source to inform the teacher’s assessment of the learner’s cognitive abilities. Overall EGTT enabled a more accurate method of teacher assessment of PMLD students’ abilities, giving teachers more confidence with their judgements by providing robust evidence to underpin their professional practice. Where schools want to invest in tools which deliver, this research can guide SEN leaders/schools in deciding potential investment in EGTT equipment and how to use it as an assessment tool.

The Use of Eye Tracking Technology in Aesthetic Surgery: Analyzing Changes in Facial Attention Following Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1269-1279
Author(s):  
Russell S Frautschi ◽  
Nadeera Dawlagala ◽  
Eric W Klingemier ◽  
Hannah S England ◽  
Nicholas R Sinclair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Aesthetic Surgery ◽  
Facial Rejuvenation ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Postoperative Changes ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Tracking Technology

Abstract Background The ability to quantitatively analyze how we look at a face and determine if this changes following facial surgery should be of interest to the plastic surgeon. Eye tracking technology (ETT) provides the ability to record where observers fixate when viewing a facial image, enabling quantitative data to be obtained comparing pre- and postoperative changes. Objectives The authors sought to investigate ETT as a novel outcome assessment tool, determining if facial rejuvenation surgery shifts attention away from the prominent signs of aging, and if so, where this attention shifts. Methods Twenty-five volunteers viewed 32 randomized frontal, oblique, and lateral images of 11 patients pre- and post-facelift. An eye movement monitoring system recorded the observer’s eye position, net dwell time, fixation count, fixation time, and revisits into predefined areas of interest. Data were grouped and analyzed by angle and areas of interest. Paired t tests were employed to detect significant differences in pre- and post-images. Results On frontal images, less dwell time, fixations, and revisits were noted on the bottom third, forehead, perioral region, and neck (P < 0.05). On the lateral view, less visual attention was given to the neck, upper third, and perioral region, with more time in the cheek, nose, and middle third (P < 0.05). On oblique images, less attention was given to the neck and upper lid with more aimed at the middle third of the face (P < 0.05). Conclusions ETT provides quantitative data post-facial rejuvenation. Facial aesthetic surgery does alter where observers look when viewing a face, decreasing the time spent inspecting the prominent signs of aging.

scholarly journals Post-comatose patients with minimal consciousness tend to preserve reading comprehension skills but neglect syntax and spelling

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kwiatkowska ◽  
Michał Lech ◽  
Piotr Odya ◽  
Andrzej Czyżewski
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Human Computer Interfaces ◽  
Comprehension Skills ◽  
Reading Comprehension Skills ◽  
Tracking Technology

AbstractModern eye tracking technology provides a means for communication with patients suffering from disorders of consciousness (DoC) or remaining in locked-in-state. However, being able to use an eye tracker for controlling text-based contents by such patients requires preserved reading ability in the first place. To our knowledge, this aspect, although of great social importance, so far has seemed to be neglected. In the paper, we presented the possibility of using an eye-tracking technology for assessing reading comprehension skills in post-comatose patients with minimal consciousness. We prepared various syllable-, word- and sentence-based tasks, controlled by gaze, used for assessing the reading comprehension skills. The obtained results showed that people with minimal consciousness preserved the reading comprehension skills, in most cases to a high extent, but had difficulties with recognizing errors in the written text. The ability to maintain attention during performing the tasks was in statistically significant correlation with motivation, and that one was in a statistically significant correlation with the reading ability. The results indicate that post-comatose patients with minimal consciousness can read words and sentences, hence some useful hints may be provided for the development of gaze tracking-based human-computer interfaces for these people.

9. Creating Effective Health Promotion Messages: Using Eye Tracking Technology Coupled with Masked Recall to Determine the Effectiveness of Loss and Gain Framed Osteoporosis Advertisements

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordanne Dalgleish
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Persuasive Communication ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Change Perceptions ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements ◽  
Tracking Technology

Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease which afflicts over 25 percent of Canadian women over the age of 50, and can lead to serious fractures.(Osteoporosis Canada, 2009) What is the most startling about this disease is that osteoporosis is largely preventable by taking calcium and vitamin D supplements and enjoying a healthy, active lifestyle. The challenge then, is to figure out ways to effectively communicate prevention related health messages. By framing messages either by naming or showing the consequences (loss framed) naming or showing the benefits (gain framed) or simply stating the facts (neutral framed), message framing can be a persuasive communication tool to affect changes in behaviour (Pelletier & Sharp, 2008) Using eye tracking technology‐ which is a device used to measure a participant’s attention to advertisements ‐ data will be collected to monitor the number of eye fixations, and the dwell time, or total amount of time looking at a particular advertisement. This information will be used to determine what types of messages (loss, gain, or neutral framed) garner more audience attention. The eye tracking data will be coupled with an exercise after the eye tracking experiment where participants are asked to recall what was written in the health advertisement messages. This exercise will provide information on whether loss, gain or neutral framed messages were more effective for audience recollection, which is significant because the messages recalled more easily are more likely to change perceptions, attitudes and behaviours.

scholarly journals Awareness and Attitudes toward Eye-Tracking Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1958-1961
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Input Modality ◽  
Preliminary Step ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
Tracking Technology

For decades, researchers from many fields have been utilizing eye tracking as an assessment tool. In human-computer interaction, recent technical advancements indicate eye-gazing as a new input modality. Despite all the improvements and advantages, eye tracking is still seen as challenging and it is not widely used. This research made a preliminary step towards the evaluation of people’s awareness of eye tracking and their attitudes towards it. An online questionnaire was designed, and it is comprised of three users' categories: general users, researchers and eye-tracking researchers. A total of 98 users participated in the survey. The survey indicated that approximately half of the respondents had heard about eye-tracking technology, 47% of them working in the research area. Nevertheless, the majority of them did not know the basic facts and theories about this technology. Even among researchers, only 10% of them had adopted eye tracking, and they agreed on the value eye tracking offers for different research disciplines. nevertheless, they also agreed with the perception that eye tracking is a difficult and expensive research methodology. In conclusion, the results support the usefulness of eye tracking and favorable attitudes towards it among most users, but the low response to the survey could also indicate negative attitudes toward eye tracking and a lack of awareness. Therefore, in order to take advantage of eye-tracking technology, further efforts such as training and cost reduction are recommended to the eye-tracking community and manufacturers.

scholarly journals P031: Assessing differences between high- and low-performing resuscitation team leaders using gaze-tracking technology

CJEM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S88-S89
Author(s):  
G. Dashi ◽  
N. McGraw ◽  
A. Szulewski ◽  
R. Egan ◽  
A. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Team Leaders ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
High Performers ◽  
Tracking Technology ◽  
Resuscitation Team

Introduction: Crisis decision-making is an important responsibility of the resuscitation team leader but a difficult process to study. The purpose of this study was to evaluate visual and behavioural differences between team leaders with different objective performance scores using gaze-tracking technology. Methods: Twenty-eight emergency medicine residents in different stages of training completed four simulated resuscitation scenarios. Participants wore gaze-tracking glasses during each station. An outside expert blinded to participant training level assessed performances using a validated assessment tool for simulation scenarios. Several visual endpoints were measured, including time, frequency, order, and latency to observation of task-relevant and task-redundant items. Non-visual endpoints included behaviours such as summarizing, verbalizing concerns, and calling for definitive treatments, among others. Results: Preliminary findings suggest significant differences between high and low performers. High performers check vitals signs faster, and look at patients and vital signs more often than low performers. Low-performing leaders display a more fixed gaze when starting a scenario. Lastly, high performers summarize, verbalize concerns, predict and prepare for future steps, and call for definitive treatment more often than low performers. Conclusion: There are significant differences between high and low-performing resuscitation team leaders in terms of their visual and behavioural patterns. These differences identify potential focus points for competency evaluations, and may direct educational interventions that could facilitate more efficient development of expertise. The potential to study crisis decision-making behaviours and performances using the methods and metrics identified, both in simulated and real-world settings, is substantial.

A Review on Eye Tracking Technology

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-130
Author(s):  
Pavneet Bhatia ◽  
Arun Khosla ◽  
Gajendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Computer Vision Technology ◽  
Tracking Technology

In past few decades, eye tracking has evolved as an emerging technology with wide areas of applications in gaming, human-computer interaction, business research, assistive technology, automatic safety research, and many more. Eye-gaze tracking is a provocative idea in computer-vision technology. This chapter includes the recent researches, expansion, and development in the technology, techniques, and its wide-ranging applications. It gives a detailed background of technology with all the efforts done in the direction to improve the tracking system.

The Research on Eye Tracking for Gaze Tracking System

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1051-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuang ZHANG ◽  
Jian-Nan CHI ◽  
Zhao-Hui ZHANG ◽  
Zhi-Liang WANG
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Gaze Tracking
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document