scholarly journals P031: Assessing differences between high- and low-performing resuscitation team leaders using gaze-tracking technology

CJEM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S88-S89
Author(s):  
G. Dashi ◽  
N. McGraw ◽  
A. Szulewski ◽  
R. Egan ◽  
A. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Team Leaders ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
High Performers ◽  
Tracking Technology ◽  
Resuscitation Team

Introduction: Crisis decision-making is an important responsibility of the resuscitation team leader but a difficult process to study. The purpose of this study was to evaluate visual and behavioural differences between team leaders with different objective performance scores using gaze-tracking technology. Methods: Twenty-eight emergency medicine residents in different stages of training completed four simulated resuscitation scenarios. Participants wore gaze-tracking glasses during each station. An outside expert blinded to participant training level assessed performances using a validated assessment tool for simulation scenarios. Several visual endpoints were measured, including time, frequency, order, and latency to observation of task-relevant and task-redundant items. Non-visual endpoints included behaviours such as summarizing, verbalizing concerns, and calling for definitive treatments, among others. Results: Preliminary findings suggest significant differences between high and low performers. High performers check vitals signs faster, and look at patients and vital signs more often than low performers. Low-performing leaders display a more fixed gaze when starting a scenario. Lastly, high performers summarize, verbalize concerns, predict and prepare for future steps, and call for definitive treatment more often than low performers. Conclusion: There are significant differences between high and low-performing resuscitation team leaders in terms of their visual and behavioural patterns. These differences identify potential focus points for competency evaluations, and may direct educational interventions that could facilitate more efficient development of expertise. The potential to study crisis decision-making behaviours and performances using the methods and metrics identified, both in simulated and real-world settings, is substantial.

scholarly journals Combining First-Person Video and Gaze-Tracking in Medical Simulation: A Technical Feasibility Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Szulewski ◽  
Daniel Howes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Future Research ◽  
First Person ◽  
Team Leaders ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
Medical Emergencies ◽  
Expert Team ◽  
Tracking Devices

Crisis decision-making is an important responsibility of the resuscitation team leader but a difficult process to study. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the potential of gaze-tracking technology to study decision-making and leadership behaviours in simulated medical emergencies. We studied five physicians with a broad range of experience in a simulated medical emergency using gaze-tracking glasses. Subjects were interviewed immediately after the scenario while viewing a first-person recording of their performance with a superimposed gaze indicator. The recordings were then studied independently by two reviewers, and rated for quality and their observations collated. Portable gaze-tracking devices were found to be useful and effective tools for studying information gathering and decision-making behaviours in simulated medical emergencies. The data obtained in this study provided information about the discrepancy between what each participant looked at compared to what each participant consciously noted. Analysis of the data also identified a number of recurrent gaze patterns performed by team leaders that could be used as end-points in future research. Gaze-tracking in resuscitation medicine is a new and promising field of study. The potential to study crisis decision-making behaviours, and cognitive load, as well as differences between novice and expert team leaders is substantial.

scholarly journals Evaluating Eye Tracking Technology for Assessment of Students with Profound and Multiple Learning Difficulties

2021 ◽  
pp. 269-308
Author(s):  
Rajvir Gill ◽  
Sarah Younie
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Teacher Assessment ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Tracking Technology

Eye-Gaze Tracking Technology (EGTT) is used most commonly as a communication tool for learners with profound and multiple learning difficulties (PMLD). This research investigates the use of EGTT as an assessment tool to provide additional evidence to confirm teacher assessment. The paper contributes to how teachers can address the barriers faced upon assessing students with PMLD through the use EGTT. Data was obtained from a sample of four students with PMLD and physical disabilities located within a special needs school. The qualitative methodology ensured a triangulation of data collection, which included analysis of learners’ heat maps, parent questionnaires and observations of teaching via video capture. It was found that the eye-tracking data provided information on individual learner’s engagement with the learning objectives, which otherwise could not have been communicated. The innovative technology provided an independent data source to inform the teacher’s assessment of the learner’s cognitive abilities. Overall EGTT enabled a more accurate method of teacher assessment of PMLD students’ abilities, giving teachers more confidence with their judgements by providing robust evidence to underpin their professional practice. Where schools want to invest in tools which deliver, this research can guide SEN leaders/schools in deciding potential investment in EGTT equipment and how to use it as an assessment tool.

scholarly journals How Do We Assess Patient Skills in a Competence-Based Program? Assessment of Patient Competences Using the Spanish Version of the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire and Real Practical Cases in Women with Pelvic Floor Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2377
Author(s):  
Beatriz Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
Beatriz Arranz-Martín ◽  
Beatriz Navarro-Brazález ◽  
Fernando Vergara-Pérez ◽  
Javier Bailón-Cerezo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Pelvic Floor Disorders ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Competence Assessment ◽  
Knowledge Questionnaire

Therapeutic patient education programs must assess the competences that patients achieve. Evaluation in the pedagogical domain ensures that learning has taken place among patients. The Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ) is a tool for assessing patient knowledge about urinary (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) conditions. The aim of this study was to translate the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ) into Spanish and test its measurement properties, as well as propose real practical cases as a competence assessment tool. The cross-cultural adaptation was conducted by a standardized translation/back-translation method. Measurement properties analysis was performed by assessing the validity, reliability, responsiveness, and interpretability. A total of 275 women were recruited. The discriminant validity showed statistically significant differences in the PIKQ scores between patients and expert groups. Cronbach’s alpha revealed good internal consistency. The test–retest reliability showed excellent correlation with UI and POP scales. Regarding responsiveness, the effect size, and standardized response mean demonstrated excellent values. No floor or ceiling effects were shown. In addition, three “real practical cases” evaluating skills in identifying and analyzing, decision making, and problem-solving were developed and tested. The Spanish PIKQ is a comprehensible, valid, reliable, and responsive tool for the Spanish population. Real practical cases are useful competence assessment tools that are well accepted by women with pelvic floor disorders (PFD), improving their understanding and their decision-making regarding PFD.

scholarly journals Sensor-Level Wavelet Analysis Reveals EEG Biomarkers of Perceptual Decision-Making

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2461
Author(s):  
Alexander Kuc ◽  
Vadim V. Grubov ◽  
Vladimir A. Maksimenko ◽  
Natalia Shusharina ◽  
Alexander N. Pisarchik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Perceptual Process ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Sensory Features

Perceptual decision-making requires transforming sensory information into decisions. An ambiguity of sensory input affects perceptual decisions inducing specific time-frequency patterns on EEG (electroencephalogram) signals. This paper uses a wavelet-based method to analyze how ambiguity affects EEG features during a perceptual decision-making task. We observe that parietal and temporal beta-band wavelet power monotonically increases throughout the perceptual process. Ambiguity induces high frontal beta-band power at 0.3–0.6 s post-stimulus onset. It may reflect the increasing reliance on the top-down mechanisms to facilitate accumulating decision-relevant sensory features. Finally, this study analyzes the perceptual process using mixed within-trial and within-subject design. First, we found significant percept-related changes in each subject and then test their significance at the group level. Thus, observed beta-band biomarkers are pronounced in single EEG trials and may serve as control commands for brain-computer interface (BCI).

Ethics knowledge of recent paediatric residency graduates: the role of residency ethics curricula

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 809-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C Kesselheim ◽  
Julie Najita ◽  
Debra Morley ◽  
Elizabeth Bair ◽  
Steven Joffe
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Formal Curriculum ◽  
Incorrect Decision ◽  
Primary Specialty ◽  
Residency Programme

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between recently trained paediatricians' ethics knowledge and exposure to a formal ethics or professionalism curriculum during residency.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of recently trained paediatricians which included a validated 23-item instrument called the Test of Residents' Ethics Knowledge for Pediatrics. The sample included paediatricians who completed medical school in 2006–2008, whose primary specialty was paediatrics or a paediatric subspecialty, and who completed paediatric residency training in 2010–2011. This sample was stratified based on residency programme variables: presence of a formal curriculum in ethics or professionalism, programme size and American Board of Pediatrics certifying exam passage rate. Paediatricians were randomly selected from each stratum for survey participation.ResultsAmong the 370 responding paediatricians (55%), the mean knowledge score was 17.3 (SD 2.2) out of a possible 23. Presence of a formal curriculum in ethics and/or professionalism was not significantly associated with knowledge. Knowledge was lowest on items about parental requests for a child to undergo genetic testing (2 items, 44% and 85% incorrect), preserving patient confidentiality over email (55% incorrect), decision-making regarding life-sustaining technologies (61% incorrect), and decision-making principles such as assent and parental permission (2 items, 47% and 49% incorrect).ConclusionsThis study highlights several areas in which paediatricians' knowledge may be low and that are amenable to targeted educational interventions. These findings should prompt discussion and research among ethicists and educators about how ethics and professionalism curricula can more consistently influence paediatricians' knowledge.

Novel Video-Based Assessment Tool for Laparoscopic Intraoperative Decision-Making

2014 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. S119-S120
Author(s):  
Isabelle Raiche ◽  
Matthew G. Mutch ◽  
Stanley J. Hamstra ◽  
Matthew L. Silviera ◽  
Steven R. Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Assessment Tool

A Formal Approach to Handling Conflicts in Multiattribute Group Decision Making

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tung-King See ◽  
Kemper Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
Team Leaders ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Aggregation Functions ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Problem Data

Supporting the decision of a group in engineering design is a challenging and complicated problem when issues like consensus and compromise must be taken into account. In this paper, we present the foundations of the group hypothetical equivalents and inequivalents method and two fundamental extensions making it applicable to new classes of group decision problems. The first extension focuses on updating the formulation to place unequal importance on the preferences of the group members. The formulation presented in this paper allows team leaders to emphasize the input from certain group members based on experience or other factors. The second extension focuses on the theoretical implications of using a general class of aggregation functions. Illustration and validation of the developments are presented using a vehicle selection problem. Data from ten engineering design groups are used to demonstrate the application of the method.

scholarly journals Medication Errors on a Surgery Service: Addressing the Gap with a Medication Prescribing Curriculum for Surgery Residents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Ring ◽  
Jesse Maracle ◽  
Shannon Zhang ◽  
Michelle Methot ◽  
Boris Zevin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Curriculum Implementation ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Prescribing Errors ◽  
Academic Hospital ◽  
Implementation Period ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Medication Prescribing ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Prescription Writing

Abstract Background Medication prescribing errors are a source of morbidity and mortality on surgical wards, however educational interventions with proven effectiveness to reduce these errors are lacking. Our objective was to design, implement, and assess the effectiveness of a curriculum designed to reduce medication prescribing errors on a surgery service at an academic hospital without electronic order entry. Methods This was a prospective observational cohort study at a Canadian academic hospital. A medication prescribing curriculum for surgery residents was developed and implemented in July 2019. All general surgery residents (n = 16) at our institution were eligible; 13 (81%) participated. Medication prescribing errors were tracked pre-curriculum implementation (July 1, 2018-June 30, 2019) and post-curriculum (July 1-December 31, 2019). Medication prescribing errors were classified as prescription-writing (PW) or decision-making (DM). Results There were 87.5 (14.6) total medication prescribing errors per month in the pre-implementation period with 51.3 (11.9) PW and 36.3 (6.0) DM errors. Post-implementation, there were 78.7 (10.3) total errors monthly with 43.3 (9.5) PW and 35.3 (4.2) DM errors. There were significantly fewer total errors monthly in the first quarter (July–September) of the academic year post-curriculum implementation versus pre-implementation (77.7(12.7) vs. 107.3(8.1); p = 0.035) with significantly fewer PW errors monthly (40.7(13.2) vs. 68.7(9.3); p = 0.046) and no difference in DM errors monthly (37.0(2.0) vs. 38.7(5.7); p = 0.671). Conclusions Medication prescribing errors on a surgical service occurred both from prescription-writing and decision-making. Educational interventions, such as our medication prescribing curriculum, can decrease errors related to prescription writing, however the effect appears diminish over time.

Aeromedical Decision Making for Military Aircrew with Graves’ Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 980-986
Author(s):  
Edwin Hong-Teck Loh ◽  
Feng Wei Soh ◽  
Brian See ◽  
Benjamin Boon Chuan Tan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stable Maintenance ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Graves’ Disease (GD) is a common cause of hyperthyroidism. Although definitive treatment with radioactive iodine (RAI) is preferred for military aircrew, there are cultural and individual differences in receptivity toward RAI, and clinical guidelines that recommend antithyroid drugs (ATD) as the first line therapy. We examined a case series of Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) aviators with GD treated with ATD and the impact of their condition on aeromedical disposition.CASE SERIES: All RSAF aircrew diagnosed with GD and treated with ATD over a 15-yr period were retrospectively identified and analyzed to determine the impact on their fitness for flying duties. The mean age of the 13 aircrew was 33 ± 7.1 yr (range, 25–47 yr), with 11 (84.6%) being males. There were 10 (76.9%) who had ATD as the only treatment while 3 (23.1%) were initially treated with ATD but subsequently underwent RAI or surgery. Of the 10 treated with only ATD, 3 (30.0%) were returned to restricted flying, 6 (60.0%) were returned to unrestricted flying, and 1 (10.0%) is still undergoing ATD titration. There were 10 (76.9%) aircrew who were returned to some form of flying duties while on low doses of ATD.DISCUSSION: This case series suggests that ATD is a viable treatment modality in the aeromedical management of military aviators with GD and it is possible to return military aircrew on a stable maintenance dose of ATD to flying duties. A framework is proposed to support the aeromedical decision-making process for military aircrew in the treatment of GD.Loh EH-T, Soh FW, See B, Tan BBC. Aeromedical decision making for military aircrew with Graves’ disease. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(12):980–986.

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