IMPACT DAMAGE DETECTION IN COMPOSITE AEROSPACE STRUCTURES BY MULTI-RESOLUTION NDE INSPECTIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGHERITA CAPRIOTTI ◽  
ANDREW ELLISON ◽  
HYUNGSUK E. KIM ◽  
FRANCESCO LANZA DI SCALEA ◽  
HYONNY KIM
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Mode Interaction ◽  
Damage State ◽  
Aerospace Structures

Assessing the health of aerospace structures and understanding the underlying mechanics that govern composite strength constitute a main focus of research in the area of aerospace design and airworthiness certification. Impact damage is one of the major threats to composite aerospace structures for its frequency of occurrence, complexity and minimum external visibility. While non-destructive evaluation (NDE) provides a variety of solutions to inspect the subsurface and internal components of structures non-invasively, a gap exists between the mechanics of damage formation, growth and tolerance, and the inspectability of the structure. This study is focused on the quantitative correlation between impact damage mechanics and ultrasonic NDE inspections, where damage severity, mode interaction and progression are identified in real-scale composite panels of complex geometry, representative of commercial aircraft, impacted to reproduce different damage types at the skin-to-stringer interface and the stringer cap. High resolution X-ray CT scanning and conventional ultrasonic scanning (UT) have been used to map the damage state and identify relevant impact damage features. Ultrasonic guided wave (UGW) scanning was then employed as a rapid in-situ inspection technique to not only detect damage but also provide quantitative information about damage severity and mode. The correlation of multi-resolution multi-dimensional NDE data promises new insights on damage studies and solutions to damage detection and prognosis through viable NDE inspections.

Impact damage detection in composites using a guided wave mixing technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 014001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weibin Li ◽  
Yaru Xu ◽  
Ning Hu ◽  
Mingxi Deng
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Wave Mixing

Guided Wave Based Damage Detection in a Composite Plate with an Opening

2018 ◽  
Vol 774 ◽  
pp. 638-643
Author(s):  
Neo Gao Ming ◽  
Zahra Sharif Khodaei
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Composite Plate ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Damage Area ◽  
Drop Mass ◽  
The One

This work reports on damage detection in a composite plate with an opening. A composite plate with an opening is manufactured and sensorized to investigate the effect of the opening on the wave propagation as well as the reliability of the delay and sum damage detection method in the presence of the opening. The plate was then impacted with a drop mass to cause barely visible impact damage and sensor data are gathered to analyze the diagnosis. The results show that if all the sensors around the opening is used, even though damage can be detected, it cannot be localized accurately. Further investigation shows that by localizing the sensor network to the one close to the damage area (multi-level detection), damage can be both detected and localized reliably. The results of the detection are also compared with the maximum coverage area map to validate the optimal sensor selection strategy.

Direct-write piezoelectric coating transducers in combination with discrete ceramic transducer and laser pulse excitation for ultrasonic impact damage detection on composite plates

2021 ◽  
pp. 147592172110407
Author(s):  
Marilyne Philibert ◽  
Shuting Chen ◽  
Voon-Kean Wong ◽  
Weng Heng Liew ◽  
Kui Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Mode Selection ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Yttrium Aluminium Garnet ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Adhesively Bonded ◽  
Complex Signals ◽  
Efficient Detection

In this work, direct-write piezoelectric transducers (DWTs) were made by spraying piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) coating with comb-shaped electrodes on carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates for drop weight impact damage detection. Their ability and performance were investigated and compared to discrete piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic transducers that were adhesively bonded on the same CFRP plate. Guided wave signals were acquired with different combinations of actuator-sensor involving DWT, PZT and laser ultrasonic excitation, in pitch-catch configuration. DWTs allowed consistency and simplified signal interpretation due to an effective mode selection (A0 or S0 mode) with wavelengths of 10 and 12 mm. PZTs generated stronger but much more complex signals and mode selection with a larger wavelength (20 mm). The configuration with PZT as actuator and DWT as receiver showed the highest signal amplitude changes of A0 or S0 mode, allowing efficient detection of damage introduced by a 31 J impact. Further ultrasonic B- and C-scans revealed a 27 mm long crack on the plate’s backside developed in addition to internal cracks and delaminations of about 34 mm in length. For realizing contactless ultrasound excitation, a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser (wavelength of 1064 nm, 5.4 ns pulses) was used to replace the surface-mounted brittle PZT. The combination of the broadband laser excitation with the DWTs as sensors achieved more reliable damage detection than equivalent PZTs, attributed to DWT’s effective single mode selection. In addition to reduced weight, the polymeric coated DWTs allow large area implementation (scaling up), even on curved surfaces due to their flexibility and conformability, in contrast to adhesively bonded discrete transducers.

SHM of Composite Mono-Stringer Elements Based on Guided Waves

2019 ◽  
Vol 827 ◽  
pp. 464-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Bekas ◽  
M. Mora Mendias ◽  
Zahra Sharif Khodaei ◽  
Evangelos Karachalios ◽  
F.J. Chamorro Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Weighted Energy ◽  
Wave Measurements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

In this work, the applicability of structural health monitoring (SHM) technique for damage detection in two composite mono-stringers representative of composite fuselage are investigated. The two different manufacturing technologies are co-curing and co-bonding of composite mono-stringers to the skin. The panels were then impacted at the foot of the stringer to cause Barely Visible Impact Damage (BVID). Piezoelectric transducers were surface mounted on the mono-stringers, guided wave measurements before and after impact were taken and used for detecting damage based on Weighted Energy Arrival Method (WEAM).

Experimental Research on Damages Detection of Pipeline Structure by Using PZT-Based Waves

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Yan ◽  
Binbin He ◽  
Naizhi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Mode Conversion ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
The Other ◽  
Damage Location ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Peak Value

Pipeline structure may generate damages during its service life due to the influence of environment or accidental loading. The damages need to be detected and repaired if they are severe enough to influence the transportation work. Non-destructive detection using smart materials combined with suitable diagonal algorithms are widely used in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM). Piezoelectric ceramics (such as Lead Zirconate Titanate, PZT) is one of the smart materials to be applied in the SHM due to the piezoelectric effect. So far, the PZT-based wave method is widely used for damage detection of structures, in particular, pipeline structures. A series of piezoelectric patches are bonded on the surface of the pipeline structure to monitor the damages such as local crack or effective area reduction due to corrosion by using diagonal waves. The damage of the pipeline structure can be detected by analysis of the received diagonal waves which peak value, phase, and arriving time can be deferent from the health ones. The response of the diagonal wave is not only correlated to the damage location through estimation of the arrival time of the wave peak, but also associated with the peak value of the wave for the reduction of wave energy as the guided wave passing through the damages. Therefore, the presence of damages in the pipeline structure can be detected by investigating the parameter change of the guided waves. The change of the wave parameters represents the attenuation, deflection and mode conversion of the waves due to the damages. In addition, the guided wave has the ability of quick detecting the damage of the pipeline structure and the simplicity of generating and receiving detection waves by using PZT patches. To verify the proposed method, an experiment is designed and tested by using a steel pipe bonded the PZT patches on the surface of it. The PZT patches consist of an array to estimate the location and level of the damage which is simulated by an artificial notch on the surface of the structure. The several locations and deep heights of the notches are considered during the test. A pair of the PZT patches are used at the same time as one is used as an actuator and the other as a sensor, respectively. A tone burst of 5 cycles of wave shape is used during the experiment. A wave generator is applied to create the proposed waves, and the waves are amplified by an amplifier to actuate the PZT patch to emit the diagonal waves with appropriately enough energy. Meanwhile, the other PZT patch is used as a sensor to receive the diagonal signals which contain the information of the damages for processing. For data processing, an index of root mean square deviation (RMSD) of the received data is used to estimate the damage level by compare of the data between the damaged and the health peak valves of the received signals. The time reversal method which aimed at increasing the efficiency of the detection is also used to detect the damage location by estimating the arrival time of the reflected wave passing with a certain velocity. The proposed method experimentally validates that it is effective for application in damage detection of pipeline structure.

Guided wave‐based cable damage detection using wave energy transmission and reflection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi‐Feng Tang ◽  
Xiao‐Dong Sui ◽  
Yuan‐Feng Duan ◽  
Peng‐fei Zhang ◽  
Chung Bang Yun
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Energy Transmission ◽  
Cable Damage ◽  
Transmission And Reflection
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