scholarly journals Determinant factors of intra-industry trade: the case of Poland and its European Union trading partners

Equilibrium ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Łapińska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Processed Products

This study has investigated the country-specific determinants of intra-industry exchange between Poland and its European Union trading partners during the time period 2002–2011. The analysis of the factors determining the Polish bilateral intra-industry trade with European Union countries applied an econometric model for panel data. As follows from the research, the intensity of intra-industry trade is dependent on numerous factors. The factors that exert a positive impact on the development of intra-trade exchange include the participation of processed products in bilateral trade between Poland and UE states, the intensity of trade with specific countries as well as the size of a partner country measured by its GDP per capita. Increases in the intra-trade turnover are also facilitated by EU membership and by the fact that Poland’s trade partners use a similar language, belonging to the group of the Slavic languages. The intensity of intra-trade exchange is weakened by the degree of the imbalance of trade turnover between trading partners, geographical distance that separates trading partners and significant differences in the size of trading partners’ GDPs.

scholarly journals Country-Specific Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade in Clothing and Footwear between Poland and European Union Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4(136)) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Justyna Łapińska ◽  
Grzegorz Kądzielawski ◽  
Radosław Dziuba
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Unfavourable Effect ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
Country Specific

The present study investigated the country-specific determinants of intra-industry trade between Poland and its European Union trading partners in clothing and footwear during the time period 2004–2017. The econometric model for panel data was used to identify the factors determining bilateral intra-industry trade with EU countries. The research findings show that the size of the trading partners' economies has a positive impact on the development of intra-industry trade in clothing and footwear. The size of the country, measured by the size of its GDP, is equated with the size of the market and the possibilities of selling differentiated products in it. The geographical distance separating the trading countries turned out to be a factor limiting the development of intra-industry trade. An unfavourable effect on the intensity of intra-industry trade is also the degree of imbalance in trade between trade partners. The study confirmed that the direction of the impact of all determinants of intra-industry trade identified is consistent with the predictions of the theory.

Gravity Models of China's Bamboo and Rattan Products Exports: Applications to Trade Potential Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-344
Author(s):  
Li Huang ◽  
Ke Chen ◽  
Mi Zhou ◽  
Brendan Nuse
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Gravity Models ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Trade Potential ◽  
Economic Size

Abstract Using export panel data for China and 24 bamboo and rattan trading partners from 2007 to 2017, this study simulates the export trade of Chinese bamboo and rattan products using a gravity model. Our results showed that economic size has a significant positive impact on the bilateral trade of bamboo and rattan products, while absolute distance between two major economic centers and population size have a significant negative impact. Furthermore, relevant Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) trade arrangements have an impact on bamboo and rattan product trade flows from China. Meanwhile, trade of bamboo and rattan between China and APEC countries such as South Korea, Canada, Russia, and Thailand shows much room for growth.

The Empirical Evidence of the EU–Russia Failed Strategic Partnership: Did it have a Positive Impact on Bilateral Trade?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Anna Garashchuk ◽  
Fernando Isla Castillo ◽  
Pablo Podadera Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Welfare Losses ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Eu

Many observers were casting doubts about the existence of a strategic partnership between Russia and the European Union long before the annexation of Crimea and the subsequent strained relations between the two blocs. Nevertheless, the main challenge of this article is to prove that there was indeed a positive effect regarding the strategic partnership on bilateral trading – together with such factors as the growth of the Russian and EU GDPs per capita, the devaluation of the Russian currency and the oil price increase – by applying the Gravity Model. Based on this model, it was also confirmed that there was a negative effect of the geographical distance and sanctions between parties on the EU–Russia trade flow. Moreover, we tried to predict by means of the Error Correction Models how EU–Russia bilateral trade would have changed according to a scenario wherein the parties continued being strategic partners, and had the sanctions not been imposed. As such, and by the method described, not only was it empirically confirmed that the major partners would have received the most benefit from the strategic partnership with Russia but even Russia’s smaller trading partners are incurring significant welfare losses from sanctions, along with Russia itself.

scholarly journals Bilateral Trade Intensity and Business Cycle Synchronization Nexus: An Analysis from Major Trading Partners of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-242
Author(s):  
Maryam Batool ◽  
Nabila Asghar
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Business Cycle Synchronization ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Effect Estimation ◽  
The Relationship

The existing research on the relationship between bilateral trade and business cycle synchronization (BCS) is limited in the context of developing countries like Pakistan. Theoretically, bilateral trade can lead to convergence as well as divergence of business cycles depending upon prevailing economic conditions in a country. The present study is an attempt to explore the relationship between bilateral trade and business cycle synchronization in Pakistan. For empirical analysis, data of six major trading partners of Pakistan is collected for the period 1991-2017 and multidimensional fixed effect estimation technique has been used. The results of the study show that bilateral trade has significant and positive impact on BCS. The coordination of fiscal and monetary policies appear to be significant determinants of GDP synchronization. These results have strong implications for policymakers and practitioners for formulating and implementing policies for Pakistan to get the maximum benefits of BCS.

scholarly journals A gravity approach of agricultural trade: The nexus of the EU and African, Caribbean and Pacific countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 509-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiás Maté Balogh ◽  
Nuno Carlos Leitão
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
African Caribbean ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU) is one of the biggest traders of agricultural products. In 2017, extra-EU agricultural trade accounted for 7.4% of the total EU international trade. Furthermore, Europe is the main destination for agricultural goods arriving from African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) trading partners. The paper analyses the effect of geographical proximity, cultural similarity, free trade agreements on bilateral agricultural trade as well as intra-industry trade between EU member states and its trading partners (intra and extra EU trade), employing gravity model for a period of 1996–2017. Regression results suggest that EU countries export more agricultural products to their common markets. In addition, the export costs of agricultural products are lower if the EU and its external trading partners are culturally similar; have the same religion or both have regional trade agreements. We found a moderate intra-industry trade between the EU and ACP countries at 18%. The results indicate rather inter-industry trade between EU and non-EU members, with a lower index level for ACP countries. A higher positive impact is revealed on the agricultural import between ACP-EU countries than export.

scholarly journals   Determinant factors of vertical intra industry trade in agricultural sector: A study of Iran and her main trading partners

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 180-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rasekhi ◽  
S.S. Shojaee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Linder Hypothesis ◽  
Country Specific

The present study has investigated the country specific determinants of the vertical and total intra-industry trade between Iran and its main trading partners (including 24 countries) in the agricultural products group during the time period 2001–2007. For this purpose, first we have measured the types of the intra-industry trade. Then we have examined the determinants of the vertical and total intra-industry trade in the agricultural sector by using the panel technique. Based on the obtained results, it has confirmed that economic development (both per capita income and HDI) has a positive and significance effect on the Iran’s bilateral intra-industry trade. Also, the results verify the Linder hypothesis. In sum, the Iran’s foreign trade in agricultural sector is mainly based on comparative advantage. Specifically, there is a negative and significant relationship between the revealed comparative advantage and the industry trade. In addition, the endowment of land affects positively the high vertical intra-industry trade. Also according to the results, the size market differences impact the intra-industry trade negatively.  

scholarly journals The Impact of European Economic Integration on Migration in the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Simionescu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The recent enlargement of the EU (since 2004) and the United Kingdom's decision to leave the European Union have prompted a growing research interest in the political and academic environment because of the causes and consequences of migration between the CEE countries and those in the Western Europe. In this study, the effects of European economic integration on the number of EU-15 immigrants from the newly integrated EU countries were assessed by econometric techniques. According to panel data models, in the period 2000-2015, the number of migrants from the new member states of the EU has increased, in average, with more than 2200 people only due to their EU membership. This result reflects the positive impact of European economic integration on the number of emigrants from the CEE countries that chose the EU-15 states as destination countries. Moreover, according to some ridge Bayesian regressions, during the period 2004-2015, the EU-15 immigrants coming from the EU-13 states did not negatively affect the economic growth of the EU-15 countries.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE EU’S INVESTMENT POLICY AFTER CETA: EFFECTS ON THE BULGARIAN ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Marin ◽  
◽  
Mariya Paskaleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
National Parliaments ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Investment Protection ◽  
New Generation

In this paper we analyze the changes of the EU’s investment policy provoked by the mixed trade agreements. The EU’s investment policy has turned towards attaining bilateral trade agreements. One of these “new-generation” agreements is the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA). It is in a process of being ratified by the national parliaments of the EU members. This study is focused on the general characteristics of CETA and the eventual problems posed by its regulatory and wide-ranging nature. We prove that the significance of this agreement pertains not only to the economic influence, that it will have on the European and Canadian economies, but CETA is also the first trade agreement to have been negotiated with a focus on investment protection and a change in the EU’s investment policy. The current study reveals the influence arising from the conclusion of CETA on the Bulgarian economy with an emphasis on electronic industry, machinery industry and manufacturing. We estimate both – the direct and indirect effects on Bulgaria’s exports, imports, value added and employment. In order to estimate the influence, we apply the multi-regional input-output model. It is proved that CETA will have a low but positive impact on the Bulgarian economy. After constructing different scenarios of development, we prove that the influence of CETA on the Bulgarian economy will amount to 0.010% GDP. The average total employment will be increased by more than 172 jobs in Bulgaria, which in turn, relative to the labor market, represents less than 0.01% of the total employment.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Blueprint for Making Neuromusculoskeletal Models Clinically Useful

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2037
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Fregly
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Model Fidelity ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Neuromusculoskeletal Model ◽  
Clinical Potential ◽  
Neuromusculoskeletal Modeling

The ultimate goal of most neuromusculoskeletal modeling research is to improve the treatment of movement impairments. However, even though neuromusculoskeletal models have become more realistic anatomically, physiologically, and neurologically over the past 25 years, they have yet to make a positive impact on the design of clinical treatments for movement impairments. Such impairments are caused by common conditions such as stroke, osteoarthritis, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, limb amputation, and even cancer. The lack of clinical impact is somewhat surprising given that comparable computational technology has transformed the design of airplanes, automobiles, and other commercial products over the same time period. This paper provides the author’s personal perspective for how neuromusculoskeletal models can become clinically useful. First, the paper motivates the potential value of neuromusculoskeletal models for clinical treatment design. Next, it highlights five challenges to achieving clinical utility and provides suggestions for how to overcome them. After that, it describes clinical, technical, collaboration, and practical needs that must be addressed for neuromusculoskeletal models to fulfill their clinical potential, along with recommendations for meeting them. Finally, it discusses how more complex modeling and experimental methods could enhance neuromusculoskeletal model fidelity, personalization, and utilization. The author hopes that these ideas will provide a conceptual blueprint that will help the neuromusculoskeletal modeling research community work toward clinical utility.

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