scholarly journals Technological parks and the innovation activity of enterprises in the industrial networks – developed vs. intermediate regions

Equilibrium ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Gorączkowska
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Industrial Networks ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Technological Gap ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Innovation Processes ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Stimulation Of

Currently, technological parks constitute the most organisational and conceptually developed type of innovation centres and entrepreneurship. This results in the fact that they can be encountered in all highly developed countries in the world. They are also formed in the catching-up countries. However, one should consider whether the stimulation of innovation in the countries, which are not based on knowledge through institutional solutions used in the developed countries will turn out to be effective. Because between these countries there is a technological gap. The aim of the article was therefore to determine, using the probit modelling, the direction and strength of technological parks on the innovation activity. The study covered two provinces: Silesian, which is one of the most developed regions in Poland and Pomeranian with the intermediate industrial system. The influence of technological parks on innovation was determined based on the survey conducted in 1453 industrial enterprises. The main conclusions are brought down to the following theses: (1) using the technological parks increases the chance for the implementation of new solutions by enterprises, (2) parks to a greater extent stimulate the innovation activity in the developed province, (3) enterprises entering in the cross-regional network relations favours the selection of the technological park as the catalyst for innovation processes.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of innovative activity determinants in selected SMS’s in Brazil and Poland. Results of empirical researches

Equilibrium ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Norek ◽  
Daniel Luis Arenhardt
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Regional Network ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Technological Gap ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Innovation Processes ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Stimulation Of

Currently, technological parks constitute the most organisational and conceptually developed type of innovation centres and entrepreneurship. This results in the fact that they can be encountered in all highly developed countries in the world. They are also formed in the catching-up countries. However, one should consider whether the stimulation of innovation in the countries, which are not based on knowledge through institutional solutions used in the developed countries will turn out to be effective. Because between these countries there is a technological gap. The aim of the article was therefore to determine, using the probit modelling, the direction and strength of technological parks on the innovation activity. The study covered two provinces: Silesian, which is one of the most developed regions in Poland and Pomeranian with the intermediate industrial system. The influence of technological parks on innovation was determined based on the survey conducted in 1453 industrial enterprises. The main conclusions are brought down to the following theses: (1) using the technological parks increases the chance for the implementation of new solutions by enterprises, (2) parks to a greater extent stimulate the innovation activity in the developed province, (3) enterprises entering in the cross-regional network relations favours the selection of the technological park as the catalyst for innovation processes.

THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
O. I. ZHITYAEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Technological Gap ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Innovation Processes

The increased attention to the theoretical issues of activation of innovation processes in the industrial sector is caused by various factors of influence, and primarily by the elimination of the technological gap between Russia and developed foreign industrial countries. To solve this problem, the author suggests focusing the priorities of innovation activity on the activation of high-tech industries. It is shown that domestic enterprises have come close to intensifying the search, development and implementation of the latest technologies, and activation of innovative activities. According to the author, the innovative activity of industrial enterprises primarily depends on the structure of production, enterprise management and organization of innovative activities.

scholarly journals On the Relationship between Innovation Activity and Manufacturing Upgrading of Emerging Countries: Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Xie ◽  
Guixue Zang ◽  
Feifei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Institutional Innovation ◽  
Technical Innovation ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Innovation Product ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Relationship

Most research into the relationship between innovation activity and manufacturing upgrading has been conducted in developed economies, such as the countries of North America and Europe. Due to the non-replicability of the developed countries’ development modes, most emerging countries cannot directly copy the manufacturing upgrading path of the developed countries. However, knowledge about the relationship between innovation activity and manufacturing upgrading in emerging economies remains limited. This paper sheds light on the relationship between innovation activity and manufacturing upgrading in emerging countries from the following three types of innovation, namely, technical innovation, product innovation, and institutional innovation. By using data from Chinese provinces for the period 2001–2015, this paper empirically investigates the relationship between innovation activity and manufacturing upgrading in emerging countries. The results show that technical innovation, product innovation, and institutional innovation have significantly positive driving-force effects on manufacturing upgrading, which indicates that innovation is an important source of promoting manufacturing upgrading for emerging countries. Moreover, the effect above is more prominent for technical innovation. The results are resilient to the alternative indicators of innovation and the alternative indicators of manufacturing upgrading. This paper provides a theoretical and empirical reference for conducting innovation-incentive policy and promoting the optimization of manufacturing structure.

The economic and institutional determinants of the ‘New Economy’ in transition economies

2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Piatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Institutional Determinants ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Developed Countries

The contribution of the so-called ‘New Economy’ to economic growth in developing countries has so far been minimal. Nonetheless, in the longer run the ‘New Economy’ offers great potential for faster economic growth in post-socialist economies. Realising this potential is, however, not automatic. It could be left unharnessed if there is no suitable institutional and economic infrastructure that would allow for adoption, diffusion, and productive use of information and communication technologies (ICT). The paper here will construct a New Economy Indicator (NEI) that measures the levels of preparedness of transition economies for harnessing the potential of ICT to accelerate long-term economic growth and a catching-up with the developed countries. In the NEI ranking Slovenia scored highest; it is followed by the Czech Republic and Hungary. Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia–Montenegro (former Yugoslavia) occupy the bottom of the table.

Financial Liberalization, Crises, and Economic Growth

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
Inkoo Lee ◽  
Jong-Hyup Shin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial Liberalization ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sample Group ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Nominal Interest Rates ◽  
The Developed Countries

The paper computes the effect of financial liberalization on economic growth by combining the results of a panel model with those of a probit model. It finds a positive net effect from financial liberalization to growth. Surprisingly, we find that the net effect on growth is larger in the crisis-experienced country group than in the overall sample group. Our guess is that the crisis-experienced countries are mostly developing countries that usually enjoy higher growth rates than the developed countries because of the catching-up phenomenon. The paper also studies the link between financial liberalization and nominal interest rates, and finds, contrary to expectations, that the direct liberalization effect is positive. Our guess is that this reflected the overshooting of interest rates after crises.

Key Aspects of Innovation Process Intensification in Uzbekistan Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
G. Sh. Karabaeva
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Process ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Innovation Processes

The article studies the key ways of upgrading and modernizing industry in Uzbekistan - innovation processes taking place in manufacturing and selling goods and services. It was shown that raising the economic potential of the country, which was identified as a strategic line in the development of industrial forces and attaining public progress, can be provided not only on the basis of new investment into economy or setting-up new enterprises and works but also by rational and effective use of existing resources: labour, material, finance, natural, etc. The author analyzes figures of the efficiency of Uzbekistan industry innovation activity and puts forward ways of its intensification. It was shown that innovative enterprises of Uzbekistan differ greatly from enterprises in developed countries, which function in conditions of highly-competitive market saturated by high-quality products. Production in the republic lags behind in the sphere of international quality standards, which means that a bigger part of new products is new only on the home market. In order to raise products to global standards serious costs and efforts are necessary, which are unattainable for many enterprises.

Intellectual specialization of entrepreneurship as a way of solving social and economic problems

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Tetyana Skrypko ◽  
Mariya Harasymlyuk
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
The State ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Smart Specialization

Ukraine lags behind the developed countries in technological and economic spheres, by average income per capita, by renovation of production equipment, etc. Instead, comparatively high level of labour resources’ qualification and intellectual capacity remain to be the competitive advantage. Based on the theory of competitive advantages and current EU smart specialization strategy, it is possible to focus on technology-intensive industries oriented on exports to secure the countries’ sustainable development. The state of innovation activity of enterprises of industry, entrepreneurship sectors and regions is considered. The structure of the types of innovative activities of Ukrainian industrial enterprises for 2010-2017 includes internal and external impacts, such as the purchase of equipment and software, training of employees, etc. Statistical, table, questionnaire, factor analysis methods were used. The comparative analysis provides an innovative index of Ukraine and its 10 components (human resources, attractive research systems, innovation friendly environment, finance and support, firm investments, innovators, linkages, intellectual assets, employment impacts, sales impacts) calculated by EU economic experts according to the methodology The European Innovation Scoreboard. Based on the answers of the managers of small businesses, the bottlenecks of innovation management are grounded: internal (qualifications of managers and specialists), limited financial resources, risk of activities diversification) and external (corruption, formal approach of authorities and institutional infrastructure). The paper proves the reasonability of the state policy of further investment development and stimulation of the IT sector due to its low material resources, proper system of education of specialists, legal support and fiscal policy. The record high growth rate of the information services market and the corresponding high-intellectual cluster of specialists allows predicting the integration of the national industry into the international division of labor from the angle of geopolitical smart specialization.

A New Wave of Globalization, Public Policy Options and Possible Actions by Russian Companies

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Igor B. Gurkov
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Active Subject ◽  
Local Companies ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Advanced Production

The article presents the process of globalization, i.e. “the growing interdependence between nations” as a superposition of particular elements of mutual dependence of nations over the past several thousand years. Four waves of globalization, following one another, namely – trade, financial, industrial and innovation globalization are presented. The main features of innovation globalization are indicated: 1) increasing the degree of research internationalization in the natural and technical sciences, 2) transfer abroad of research and development units by the large international corporations, 3) active purchase of promising technologies and prototypes of new products and processes for their production together with their developers, that is, the purchase of companies that have created prototypes of promising products or technologies (startups); 4) a growing stream of “reverse innovations” – when innovations are created in foreign manufacturing units of multinational corporations, often while implementing joint projects with other firms. It is indicated that all these phenomena are observed in Russia. Recommendations are given in the field of strategies of industrial corporations on the more active involvement of Russia in global innovation processes: 1) the participation of the Russian firms in creation of new industrial enterprises in the developed countries in cooperation with local companies; 2) the purchase of domestic and foreign startups that have developed the most promising technologies in the new areas; 3) expanding the circle of employees familiar with the most advanced production practices; 4) leasing at attractive rates of production and office space to foreign enterprises that own advanced technologies and forms of organization; 5) contract design and contract manufacturing abroad. It is concluded that these and other measures are capable of transferring Russian enterprises from an object to an active subject of the new wave of globalization.

Cluster policy and the innovative activity of industrial enterprises

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-185
Author(s):  
Sergey Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Process ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Competitive Behavior ◽  
Cluster Policy ◽  
Institutional Economic ◽  
Geographical Concentration ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Industrial Markets ◽  
Innovation Processes

The purpose of the article is to assess the possibility of using cluster policy in Russia’s industry as an instrument for developing dynamic competition (encouraging innovation activity). Drawing on the results of a detailed systematic review of the cluster theory, the author identifies the reason for its weak operationality: an implicit premise on entrepreneur’s passive role in the innovation process. He then attempts to remove this premise by explaining the motives of company's behavior through a modified product variety model which is tested on empirical data from the U.S. and Russia. The results of testing show that at similar level of economic activity the geographical concentration of industrial enterprises in a cluster contributes to the intensification of innovation processes. A relatively more competitive behavior of firms in a cluster is explained through the theory of industrial markets and new institutional economic theory. The analysis concludes with valuable recommendations for economic policy.

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