scholarly journals On the Relationship between Innovation Activity and Manufacturing Upgrading of Emerging Countries: Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Xie ◽  
Guixue Zang ◽  
Feifei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Institutional Innovation ◽  
Technical Innovation ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Innovation Product ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Relationship

Most research into the relationship between innovation activity and manufacturing upgrading has been conducted in developed economies, such as the countries of North America and Europe. Due to the non-replicability of the developed countries’ development modes, most emerging countries cannot directly copy the manufacturing upgrading path of the developed countries. However, knowledge about the relationship between innovation activity and manufacturing upgrading in emerging economies remains limited. This paper sheds light on the relationship between innovation activity and manufacturing upgrading in emerging countries from the following three types of innovation, namely, technical innovation, product innovation, and institutional innovation. By using data from Chinese provinces for the period 2001–2015, this paper empirically investigates the relationship between innovation activity and manufacturing upgrading in emerging countries. The results show that technical innovation, product innovation, and institutional innovation have significantly positive driving-force effects on manufacturing upgrading, which indicates that innovation is an important source of promoting manufacturing upgrading for emerging countries. Moreover, the effect above is more prominent for technical innovation. The results are resilient to the alternative indicators of innovation and the alternative indicators of manufacturing upgrading. This paper provides a theoretical and empirical reference for conducting innovation-incentive policy and promoting the optimization of manufacturing structure.

scholarly journals Taxing impact of terrorism on global economic openness of developed and developing countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-335
Author(s):  
Abubakr Saeed ◽  
Yuhua Ding ◽  
Shawkat Hammoudeh ◽  
Ishtiaq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between terrorism and economic openness that takes into account both the number and intensity of terrorist incidents and the impact of government military expenditures on trade-GDP and foreign direct investment-GDP ratios for both developed and developing countries. It uses the dynamic GMM method to account for endogeneity in the variables. Deaths caused by terrorism have a significant negative impact on FDI flows, and the number of terrorist attacks is also found to be significant in hampering the countries’ ability to trade with other nations. The study also demonstrates that the developing countries exhibit almost similar results to our main analysis. The developed countries exhibit a negative impact of terrorism, but the regression results are not significant.

Global Trends in Domestic savings and Longevity- Implications for India

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Thilak Venkatesan ◽  
Venkataraman R
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Relationship

Demographic dividend and the lowest median age among the earning population propels consumption and growth in India. Among the emerging economies, China had the leverage for growth through exports until 2008. India benefited by demographic dividend and this translates to providing income and thereby increases savings. On the other hand, the developed countries are experiencing problems of an aging economy, a deflationary scenario, and a pension burden. India, with its major workforce in the unorganized and private sector, needs to recognize the need for forward-looking policies that stimulate savings for a better lifestyle post-retirement. The study was focussed on the relationship between longevity (life expectancy), and domestic savings. The research observed divergence between the developed nations and India. A more futuristic policy action is suggested to motivate savings as the increase in population and higher levels of economic growth can be achieved with more domestic savings.

Convergence and Equality of Road Infrastructure

2016 ◽  
pp. 170-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utpal Das ◽  
Ramesh Chandra Das ◽  
Kamal Ray
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The West ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Over Time

The development of road infrastructure works as one of the most important inputs of production and overall economic activities all around the global economics. The developed countries of the west hold the larger road lengths in both gross and per capita terms compared to the less developed and emerging countries. But it is also undeniable that the less developed emerging countries have been growing fast in this respect or rushing to catch with the developed countries. The present chapter, hence, tries to study the modes of growth and convergence of GDP per kilometer of road length across the 30 selected countries for the period of 1990-2011 by means of ? convergence and also try to estimate the cross country inequalities by means of Gini Coefficients. It observes a sign of ? convergence and the inequality are going down over time, although there are some signs of divergences in some of the short time spans.

scholarly journals O desenvolvimento urbano sustentável – uma utopia possível?

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulma das Graças Lucena SCHUSSEL
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
Local Agenda 21 ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Relationship

O século XX, ao mesmo tempo em que se caracterizou pela associação do conceito de desenvolvimento ao uso e consumo crescentes do solo, das fontes de energia e dos recursos naturais de forma geral, deu origem à formação das concentrações metropolitanas. Essas concentrações aglutinaram ao longo do tempo fortes processos de degradação ambiental. Uma das respostas encontradas para essas questões vem sendo dada pela Agenda 21, adotada por aproximadamente 179 países na Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, em 1992, no Rio de Janeiro. A presente reflexão trata das diferenças entre as Agendas 21 locais desenvolvidas nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Propõe a discussão sobre o inter-relacionamento das questões socioambientais do município com o espaço regional e as decorrentes limitações na implementação dos propósitos da Agenda 21 local. Sustainable urban development – a possible utopia? Abstract The 20th century has been characterized by the association of the developmental concept with the increasing use and ground consumption, the energy sources and the natural resources in general. At the same time, the metropolitan concentrations formation began and generates, throught out the years, an strong process of environmental degradation. One of the answers founded for these questions has been given through the Agenda 21, adopted by approximately 179 countries in the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, in 1992, at Rio de Janeiro. The present reflection is about the differences between the local Agenda 21 implemented in the developed countries and in the developing countries. It proposes the discussion about the relationship between the municipality’s social and environmental issues and regional space and the consequent limitations at the implementation of the Agenda 21 purposes.

Global Trends in Domestic savings and Longevity- Implications for India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Thilak Venkatesan ◽  
Venkataraman R
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Relationship

Demographic dividend and the lowest median age among the earning population propels consumption and growth in India. Among the emerging economies, China had the leverage for growth through exports until 2008. India benefited by demographic dividend and this translates to providing income and thereby increases savings. On the other hand, the developed countries are experiencing problems of an aging economy, a deflationary scenario, and a pension burden. India, with its major workforce in the unorganized and private sector, needs to recognize the need for forward-looking policies that stimulate savings for a better lifestyle post-retirement. The study was focussed on the relationship between longevity (life expectancy), and domestic savings. The research observed divergence between the developed nations and India. A more futuristic policy action is suggested to motivate savings as the increase in population and higher levels of economic growth can be achieved with more domestic savings.

scholarly journals Foreign direct investment and policy framework: New Granger causality evidence from African countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafiu Adewale Aregbeshola
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Improved Technology

The strategic importance of foreign direct investment in the contemporary economies has been tremendous.While various countries (developed and developing economies) have benefitted from the direct and spillovereffects of FDI, which range from improved technology and knowledge diffusion through to individual andcorporate capability enhancement, FDI outflow remains largely channelled to the developed countries, andthe rapidly developing countries in Asia and South America. Evidence suggests that the developmentenhancingeffects of FDI are felt more highly in the developing economies, such as economies in Africa.However, FDI inflow to the developing economies has been very low. Using data generated from the AfricanDevelopment Indicators (ADI) between 1980 and 2008 in econometric estimations, this paper finds thatgovernment policies (especially fiscal and monetary policies) play significant roles in facilitating FDI inflow tothe African countries studied. The study thereby suggests an improved regulatory framework to make Africamore attractive to inflow of FDI.

scholarly journals Income Inequality and Economic Growth: An Analysis Using a Panel Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Mohamed Bouincha ◽  
Mohamed Karim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Model ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Development Indicator ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Relationship

A long time ago, economic growth was the main indicator of countries’ economic health. However, since the 1970s, the analysis of the relationship between economic growth and other economic phenomena such as inequality has begun to grow (Sundrum, 1974). Much of the literature on the link between economic growth and income inequality is based on Kuznets revolutionary theory. The purpose of our article is to suspect the causality relationship between growth and inequality. To do this, we used data from 189 countries for the period between 1990 and 2015. We estimated a global model and three other of each category of countries in terms of development. In the global model, economic growth is insignificant even if its sign is positive. The same result appears in the developing country model and the moderately developed countries one. However, in the developed countries model, economic growth is negatively and statistically related to inequality. The Kuznets curve is approved in our study only when using human development indicator in the place of growth. Growth explain inequality’s movement in our study only in the model of developed countries and its coefficient is negative.

New ventures, product innovation and business intermediaries

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiqi Wu ◽  
Shengxiao Li ◽  
Huafeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Innovation Product ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) intermediary ties on new ventures’ product innovation. Product innovation is a critical strategy for new ventures’ survival and growth. However, as a result of smallness and newness, new ventures usually face considerable difficulties in product innovation and require support to help their innovation search and innovation activities. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire survey of 145 Chinese new ventures is used to test presented hypotheses empirically. Findings – This study finds that the intensity of KIBS intermediary ties has a positive influence on innovation, while the diversity of KIBS intermediary ties has no influence on new ventures’ product innovation. Moreover, the relationship between the intensity of KIBS intermediary ties and new ventures’ product innovation is moderated by the degree of their international venturing and ties with other firms. Originality/value – This study enriches understanding of the important roles of KIBS intermediary ties on new ventures’ product innovation.

scholarly journals "INCREASING SCOPE OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION"

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kavach ◽  
Kiran Baderia ◽  
Alok Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Natural Properties ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
National Environmental

Environmental pollution is an occasional problem in which the difficulties of life for the bio-world including humans are increasing. Due to the qualitative degradation of the environmental elements, the natural properties of life-like elements such as air, water, soil, vegetation, etc. are getting diminished due to which the relationship between nature and organisms is deteriorating. It is well known that environmental pollution is a product of modernity. Although the phenomenon of pollution has been occurring even in ancient times, but nature was able to prevent it, due to which its outbreak was not as fierce as it is today. As the amount of pollution has exceeded the limits of nature today, its effect has started reaching near the crisis point. Environmental elements like water and air are losing their natural quality due to environmental pollution, the vegetation is getting destroyed, the nature of the weather is changing and human is getting trapped in the clutches of various diseases. It is detrimental to the bio-world, as it is oriented in the path of environmental degradation to ecological degradation. Scientists believe that if the same momentum of pollution continues for the next 50 years, a catastrophe can come. The Western Industrial Revolution has made man insensitive to such an extent that he is cutting the branch on which he is sitting. Some scientists of the developed countries have been forced to say that the progressive nations of the west are exporting pollution to poor developing countries.According to the National Environmental Research Institute, pollutants causing harmful changes in the natural environment are released from matter and energy releases in the form of wastes resulting from human activities. Pollutants that pollute the environment are placed in two groups on the basis of origin. Can be (a) natural pollutant and (b) man-made pollutant. पर्यावरण प्रदूषण एक ऐसी सामयिक समस्या है जिसमें मानव सहित जैव जगत् के लिए जीवन की कठिनाईयाँ बढ़ती जा रही हैं। पर्यावरण के तत्त्वों में गुणात्मक ह्रास के कारण जीवनदायी तत्त्व यथा वायु, जल, मृदा, वनस्पति आदि के नैसर्गिक गुण ह्रसमान होते जा रहे हैं जिससे प्रकृति और जीवों का आपसी सम्बन्ध बिगड़ता जा रहा है। यह सर्वज्ञात है कि पर्यावरण प्रदूषण आधुनिकता की देन है। वैसे प्रदूषण की घटना प्राचीनकाल में भी होती रही है लेकिन प्रकृति इसका निवारण करने में सक्षम थी, जिससे इसका प्रकोप उतना भयंकर नहीं था, जितना आज है। चूँकि आज प्रदूषण की मात्रा प्रकृति की सहनसीमा को लाँघ गई है फलतः इसका प्रभाव संकट बिन्दु के समीप पहुँचने लगा है। पर्यावरण प्रदूषण से जल और वायु जैसे जीवनदायी तत्त्व अपनी नैसर्गिक गुणवत्ता खोते जा रहे हैं, वनस्पतियाँ विनष्ट होती जा रही हैं, मौसम का स्वभाव बदल रहा है और मानव विविध बीमारियों के चंगुल में फँसता जा रहा है। यह जैव जगत् के लिए अपषकुन है, क्योंकि पर्यावरण ह्रास से पारिस्थितिकी विनाष के राह में उन्मुख है। वैज्ञानिकों का मानना है कि अगले 50 वर्षों तक यदि प्रदूषण की यही गति बनी रही तो महाप्रलय आ सकता है। पष्चिमी औद्योगिक क्रान्ति ने मनुष्य को इस हद तक संवेदनहीन बना दिया है कि वह जिस डाल पर बैठा है उसी को काट रहा है। विकसित देषों के कुछ वैज्ञानिक यह कहने के लिए बाध्य हुए हैं कि पष्चिम के प्रगतिषील राष्ट्र, प्रदूषण का निर्यात गरीब विकासषील देषों में कर रहे हैं।राष्ट्रीय पर्यावरण शोध संस्थान के अनुसार मनुष्य के क्रिया-कलापों से उत्पन्न अपषिष्टों के रूप में पदार्थ एवं उर्जा विमोचन से प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण में होने वाले हानिकारक परिवर्तनों को प्रदूषण कहा जाता है।पर्यावरण को प्रदूषित करने वाले प्रदूषकों को उत्पत्ति के आधार पर दो समूहों मेें रखा जा सकता है- (क) प्राकृतिक प्रदूषक तथा (ख) मानव निर्मित प्रदूषक।

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