scholarly journals The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem – Analysis of Correlation and Regression

Equilibrium ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Bernard Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem ◽  
Scale Problem ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Areal Unit ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Level Of Aggregation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Economic Analyses

The paper focuses on the issue of the modifiable areal unit problem, which means a possibility of obtaining various results for spatial economic analyses depending on the assumed composition of territorial units. The major research objective of the work is to examine the scale problem that constitutes one of the aspects of the modifiable areal unit problem. Analysis of the scale problem will be conducted for two research problems, namely, for the problem of the causal relationships between the level of investment outlays in enterprises per capita and the number of entities of the national economy per capita, and the issue of the dependence between the registered unemployment rate and the level of investment outlays per capita. The calculations based on the empirical values of those variables have showed that moving to a higher level of aggregation resulted in a change in the estimates of the parameters. The results obtained were the justification for undertaking the realisation of the objective. The scale problem was considered by means of a simulation analysis with a special emphasis laid on differentiating the variables expressed in absolute quantities and ones expressed in relative quantities. The study conducted allowed the identification of changes in basic properties as well as in correlation of the researched variables expressed in absolute and relative quantities. Based on the findings, it was stated that a correlation analysis and a regression analysis may lead to different conclusions depending on the assumed level of aggregation. The realisation of the research objective set in the paper also showed the need to consider the adequate character of variables in both spatial economic analyses and during the examination of the scale problem.

scholarly journals Redefining The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem Within Spatial Econometrics, The Case of the Scale Problem

Equilibrium ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Bernard Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Econometrics ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Scale Problem ◽  
Areal Unit ◽  
Correct Analysis ◽  
Aggregation Problem ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interpretation Problem

The paper focuses on the issue of the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP), which is frequently discussed within spatial econometrics. This issue concerns the changeability of the characteristics of the analysed phenomena under the impact of the change in the composition of territorial units. The article indicates four conditions which need to be fulfilled if the correctness of spatial analyses is to be maintained. Also, the paper introduces the concept of the quasi composition of regions (QCR). It was defined as a set of particular compositions of territorial units for subsequent aggregation scales. Particular compositions of territorial units are selected in a way that allows a correct analysis within the undertaken research problem to be conducted. The chief asset of the paper is the proposal to redefine the concept of the modifiable areal unit problem. Both the scale problem and the aggregation problem were linked to the accepted quasi composition of regions. The redefinition of the concept is vital for the research conducted since analysing phenomena based on compositions of territorial units which are excluded from the quasi composition of regions leads to the formulation of incorrect conclusions. Within the undertaken research problem there exists only one particular composition of territorial units which allows the identification and description of the dependence for analysed phenomena. Within the considered modifiable areal unit problem two potential problems were defined and they can occur while making spatial analyses. The first is the final areal interpretation problem (FAIP) that occurs when the characteristics of phenomena or the dependence are designated for too large region. The other issue is the aggregation scale interpretation problem (ASIP). It occurs when a quasi composition of regions is enlarged by an aggregation scale where the correctness of the results of the undertaken research problem is not preserved. In both cases it is possible to reach a situation where the obtained characteristics will be deprived of the cognitive value.

scholarly journals Existe convergência de patenteamento no Brasil?

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Priscila Medeiros de Oliveira ◽  
Eduardo Gonçalves ◽  
Eduardo Simões de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem ◽  
Areal Unit ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Per Capita

Este trabalho investiga a existência de convergência de patenteamento entre as microrregiões brasileiras. Para confirmar tal hipótese, foi estimado um painel espacial para dados de patentes referentes ao período 2000-2011, controlando-se fatores internos e externos que afetam a taxa de crescimento do patenteamento per capita. Além de microrregiões, também foram utilizadas mesorregiões e áreas de influência de cidades (Regic) para verificar a robustez dos resultados, ao mesmo tempo que se testa o problema da unidade de área modificável (Modifiable Areal Unit Problem – Maup). Dois resultados principais são constatados: existe um processo de convergência ou catching up tecnológico entre as microrregiões brasileiras; e a dependência espacial é sensível às diferentes escalas geográficas quando se estuda o crescimento do patenteamento per capita no Brasil.

scholarly journals O MAUP E A ANÁLISE ESPACIAL: UM ESTUDO DE CASO PARA O RIO GRANDE DO SUL (1991-2000)

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Peres de Ávila ◽  
Leonardo Monasterio
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Areal Unit ◽  
De Se ◽  
Per Capita

O trabalho apresenta um caso de MAUP (Modifiable Areal Unit Problem) com dados de renda per capita para o Rio Grande do Sul no período 1991-2000. É demonstrada a necessidade de se considerarem as diferenças nos resultados obtidos oriundas apenas da regionalização escolhida pelo pesquisador. A análise se centra em dois níveis: municípios e Conselhos Regionais de Desenvolvimento. Aplica-se a Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (ESDA) para identificar suas associações espaciais globais e seus clusters. Em seguida, fazem-se os tradicionais testes de β-convergência condicional e absoluta, acrescentando a econometria espacial e comparando os resultados com o modelo de econometria clássico. A análise de kernel estocástico nos dois níveis de análise complementa o estudo. Mostra-se que os resultados dependem do nível espacial e que há processos que só são identificados após avaliação cuidadosa dos dados. A conclusão principal é de que o MAUP é um fenômeno relevante, que não pode deixar de ser considerado pelos economistas regionais.

Modifiable Areal Unit Problem

2021 ◽  
pp. 854-855
Author(s):  
Martin A. Andresen
Keyword(s):  
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem ◽  
Areal Unit

scholarly journals Exploring the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem in Spatial Water Assessments: A Case of Water Shortage in Monsoon Asia

Water ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 898-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aura Salmivaara ◽  
Miina Porkka ◽  
Matti Kummu ◽  
Marko Keskinen ◽  
Joseph Guillaume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Shortage ◽  
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem ◽  
Areal Unit ◽  
Monsoon Asia

Metrics of Urban Form and the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem

2005 ◽  
Vol 1902 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Nishant Kukadia
Keyword(s):  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Empirical Modeling ◽  
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem ◽  
Areal Unit ◽  
Block Level ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Network Pattern

There is growing interest in incorporating urban form indicators into transportation planning and travel analysis. These indicators typically are measured at a certain level of spatial aggregation (e.g., traffic analysis zone) and therefore are subject to the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) known primarily in the statistical and geographic literature but generally overlooked by transportation researchers. The presence of the MAUP can cause serious inconsistency in analytical results and consequently misinform policy making. This study diagnoses the MAUP in measuring urban form through empirical modeling of travel mode choice in the Boston, Massachusetts, region. Using data aggregated in grids with five cell sizes and at the transportation analysis zone, the census block group, and the block level, the study explores the sensitivity of coefficient estimates for population density, network pattern, and land use balance to data aggregation in predicting mode choice decisions. Having confirmed the presence of the MAUP, the study discusses three approaches for dealing with it. Using a grid with a cell size of 1/2 mi appears to be the most desirable method of data aggregation among the eight methods studied. The suggested improvements in methodology will help advance the inquiry on the link between urban form and travel.

scholarly journals S-maup: Statistical test to measure the sensitivity to the modifiable areal unit problem

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e0207377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Duque ◽  
Henry Laniado ◽  
Adriano Polo
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Test ◽  
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem ◽  
Areal Unit

The built environment and trip chaining behaviour revisited: The joint effects of the modifiable areal unit problem and tour purpose

Urban Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liya Yang ◽  
Lingqian Hu ◽  
Zhenbo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem ◽  
Areal Unit ◽  
Trip Chaining ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
The Ideal

Empirical research that examines the built environment and travel behaviour has frequently found inconsistent results, which can be attributed to the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) and to different treatments of travel purposes. This study considers these two important issues simultaneously in investigating the association between the built environment and travel behaviour in Beijing, China. Using tours as the analysis unit of travel, this study classifies three tour purposes: subsistence, maintenance and recreation, and identifies seven different spatial units to address the MAUP. Based on data from the 2010 Beijing Comprehensive Travel Survey, this study uses logistic regressions to estimate the primary tour mode and tour complexity. The results identify the ‘ideal’ unit at which the built environment has the greatest association with tours of specific purposes. Such results inform how urban planning and transportation policies can effectively influence travel.

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