scholarly journals Social Consequences of Vehicle Exhaust: A Case Study in Poltava, Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Olena Stepova ◽  
Olena Hanoshenko ◽  
Tetyana Serha ◽  
Natalia Yesina ◽  
Olena Strelnikova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Atmospheric Air

Intensive urbanization processes, an increase in the number of urban population and transport have led to an increase in the technogenic load on the environment, in particular on the atmospheric air. Among a significant number of sources of environmental pollution, roads and vehicles pose a significant threat. Motor vehicles cause irreparable harm to human health and the environment. Regular assessment of the quality of atmospheric air in residential areas of cities with heavy traffic to establish the level of potential risk to public health is an urgent task. The study purpose is the social consequences of transport emissions; determination of the anthropogenic load on the air and of the indicator of public health risk from the vehicle exhaust impact. The study was carried out on the example of the residential and the most loaded transport area of Poltava (Ukraine). The study demonstrates that the overwhelming majority of the urban population lives in areas where health risk indicators exceed permissible norms. Since the elderly, children and students are most often present on the street and near houses, they are at the greatest risk. The same applies to vehicle drivers who are often idle in "traffic jams". In turn, such high levels of air pollution pose even greater risks to public health, in particular to the development of respiratory diseases. In the study of the peculiarities of Ukrainian legislation in this area, it was established that the mechanism for collecting information about the quality of the environment, however, there is no requirement to inform the population about it.

scholarly journals The practice of applying health risk assessment in the Federal Project “Clean Air” in the participating cities (Cherepovets, Lipetsk, Omsk, Novokuznetsk): problems and prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 890-896
Author(s):  
Sergej V. Kuzmin ◽  
Simon L. Avaliani ◽  
Natal`ya S. Dodina ◽  
Tatyana A. Shashina ◽  
Viktor A. Kislitsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Initial Data ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Clean Air

Introduction. The object of the study is the results obtained during the implementation of the Federal Project (FP) “Clean Air” in 2020 in the supervised participating cities and the assessment of the possibility of implementing the tasks set for Rospotrebnadzor for effective health risk management, reducing morbidity and mortality of the population. The purpose of the study is to assess the risk to public health according to the summary calculations of atmospheric air pollution in the cities of Cherepovets, Lipetsk, Omsk, Novokuznetsk during the implementation of the FP “Clean Air” (baseline, 2017). Materials and methods. The primary approach to implementing the FP “Clean Air” in 2020 is to use the initial data (summary calculations of atmospheric air pollution) and obtain on their basis the levels of exposure and risks to public health. A software product of the “Ecolog-Gorod” series was used to calculate single and average annual concentrations. The health risk assessment procedure was carried out under the requirements of the manual R 2.1.10.1920-04. Results. Studies were conducted to assess the risk to public health based on the data of summary calculations of atmospheric air pollution in the cities participating in the FP “Clean Air” (Cherepovets, Lipetsk, Omsk, Novokuznetsk) in 2017 before the start of the measures provided for by the Comprehensive Plans to reduce emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air. The assessment of the public health risk from atmospheric air pollution made it possible to establish: priority compounds contained in industrial emissions, the primary industrial sources and their share contribution, as well as the contribution of motor transport and independent heat supply sources emissions to the formation of pollution levels in cities; the population exposed to unacceptable risk levels were determined; substances that should be taken into account when quoting emissions were identified. The variants of improving the quality of preparation of the initial data of summary calculations for health risk assessment are recommended. Conclusion. There are suggested approaches to improving the quality of preparation of initial data of consolidated calculations for health risk assessment.

scholarly journals The quantitative bacteriology of some commercial bivalve shellfish entering British markets

1975 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Ayres
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Accepted Standard ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Bivalve Shellfish ◽  
Faecal Streptococci ◽  
Specific Illness

SUMMARYIncidents of non-specific illness associated with the consumption of oysters have highlighted the lack of published information on the bacteriology of shellfish suitable for consumption. Investigations showed that the majority of molluscan shellfish entering English markets conform to the accepted standard of less than 5 Escherichia coli/ml. tissue. The numbers of E. coli were related to the sanitary quality of the growing area but no relation could be established between numbers of E. coli and coliforms, faecal streptococci or Clostridium welchii. The numbers of non-specific bacteria varied considerably but shellfish from sources associated with non-specific illness yielded relatively high counts at 37° C. The results showed that there was no justification for a standard based on total plate counts, which often exceeded 106/g. Such a standard would have to be coupled with spoilage or the incidence of non-specific illness. The relation between the numbers of non-specific bacteria growing at 20 and 37° C. appears to be a useful measure for assessing the likelihood that raw shellfish are a public health risk.

scholarly journals The Main Components of Vehicle Exhaust Gases and Their Effective Catalytic Neutralization

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Sassykova ◽  
Y. A. Aubakirov ◽  
S. Sendilvelan ◽  
Zh. Kh. Tashmukhambetova ◽  
M. F. Faizullaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustible Mixture ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Ceramic Block ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Main Components

The constantly increasing growth in the number of cars is one of the reasons for the deterioration of the ecological situation in cities and large settlements. In Kazakhstan, on a national scale, the share of motor vehicles in total emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere by all technogenic sources reaches on average 40%, in the mass of industrial waste - 2%. The content of toxic substances in the exhaust of diesel and gasoline engines varies and depends on the type of engine and mode of operation, as well as on the quality of the fuel, the composition of the combustible mixture in the engine cylinders, speed and driving conditions, ignition system and fuel control. The number of all toxic components in the exhaust gas exceeds the maximum permissible standards by tens and hundreds of times. One of the most reliable ways to reduce the toxicity of vehicle exhaust gases and remove harmful substances is the complete oxidation of exhaust components using catalytic compositions on metal or ceramic block carriers. The article accumulates data from the scientific literature about toxicity of different components of exhaust gases and catalytic neutralization of vehicle exhaust gases by various scientific schools.

scholarly journals A NON-CANCER HEALTH RISK TO THE POPULATION OF VLADIKAVKAZ UNDER CHRONIC INHALATION EXPOSURE OF TECHNOGENIC EMISSIONS TO ATMOSPHERIC AIR

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima K. Khudalova ◽  
R. B. Tsallagova ◽  
O. I. Yanushanets
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Vehicles Emissions

A non-cancer health risk to the population of Vladikavkaz inhabitants exposed to chronic inhalation of emissions from non-ferrous metals processing facilities and motor vehicles was assessed. A high risk to the population health caused by industrial and motor vehicles emissions was estimated, whereas the cardiovascular system was most severely affected by negative impact of the technogenic emissions. The necessity to conduct a complex of preventive measures to avoid risk of negative effects of technogenic emissions on the population health was established. As well as the necessity to apply modern methods to calculate the non-cancer health risk to the population of Vladikavkaz under chronic inhalation exposure of technogenic substances in the lower layers of atmospheric air was proved.

scholarly journals Stroke in the21stCentury: A Snapshot of the Burden, Epidemiology, and Quality of Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric S. Donkor
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Demographic Transitions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Annual Mortality

Stroke is ranked as the second leading cause of death worldwide with an annual mortality rate of about 5.5 million. Not only does the burden of stroke lie in the high mortality but the high morbidity also results in up to 50% of survivors being chronically disabled. Thus stroke is a disease of immense public health importance with serious economic and social consequences. The public health burden of stroke is set to rise over future decades because of demographic transitions of populations, particularly in developing countries. This paper provides an overview of stroke in the21stcentury from a public health perspective.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DO RISCO PARA A SAÚDE DEVIDO À PRESENÇA DE TRIHALOMETANOS NA ÁGUA DE ABASTECIMENTO

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
António Sampaio Duarte ◽  
Filipe Miguel Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Water Supply Systems

<p>A aplicação de compostos clorados na desinfeção da água pode induzir à formação de subprodutos da desinfeção (SPD) com efeitos carcinogénicos e mutagénicos comprovados. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se uma síntese de um estudo sobre a ocorrência de trihalometanos (THM) na água de abastecimento, realizado nos catorze municípios do distrito de Braga (Portugal), visando a avaliação do risco de cancro (RC) e de efeitos não carcinogénicos (HI) com base na metodologia desenvolvida pela USEPA e IRIS. Num cenário gravoso, correspondente à prevalência da maior concentração de THM detetada no período monitorizado, o indicador RC daria valores superiores ao limite máximo definido como negligenciável, verificando-se ser a ingestão a via de exposição mais relevante. Os resultados obtidos para o indicador HI foram quase sempre inferiores à unidade, indicando um nível de risco aceitável, de acordo com os pressupostos do método utilizado. O uso de indicadores do risco para a saúde constitui uma ferramenta útil quer no apoio à decisão das entidades gestoras de sistemas de abastecimento de água, quer na definição de estratégias e políticas de saúde pública que visem a mitigação deste risco.</p><p> </p><p>HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FROM EXPOSURE TO TRIHALOMETHANES IN DRINKING WATER</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Chlorination have brought enormous benefits to the preservation of public health as a low-cost disinfection method, but it can generate several halogenated organic compounds, as disinfection by-products (DBP), with potential and proven carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. This work presents a synthesis of the study performed in water supply systems of the fourteen municipalities of Braga district (Portugal), aiming at the evaluation of life time cancer risk (CR index), and the risk of non-carcinogenic effects (HI‑Hazard Index) from exposure to THMs, using a method proposed by USEPA and IRIS. In a severe scenario, corresponding to the prevalence of maximum THM concentration occurred during the monitored period, the CR index would achieve values higher than the maximum limit defined as negligible for all these municipalities. The HI index results were often lower than one, which is considered as an acceptable risk level. The use of health risk indicators can be a useful tool both in supporting the decision-making of water supply utilities and in the definition of public health strategies/policies for risk mitigation in order to increase the life quality and the wellness of populations.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals GIS Approach for the Analysis of the Socio-Sanitary Stakes of Water Use in the Lobo Watershed in Nibehibe (Central-Western Côte d'Ivoire)

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Arthur Brice Konan- Waidhet ◽  
Fanraban Fabrice Toure ◽  
Ali Diarra ◽  
Tano Jean Jacques Koua ◽  
Mahamadou Koita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

Water is a precious natural resource that is essential for many uses, but its quality is faced with several problems, including pollution linked to human activities, hence the need to contribute to improving the quality of drinking water. Given the importance of the resource, the health of the population in terms of hygiene needs and the quality of the water consumed is paramount. It is within this framework that this work falls within the scope of this project, the objective of which is to analyze the health impacts to which the populations are exposed due to the use of water in the Lobo watershed in Nibéhibé. To achieve this objective, the working method was based on literature review and field surveys. The documentary research consisted in circumscribing the contours of the subject in order to better understand it. As for the field surveys, they were dominated by interviews and a questionnaire addressed to households and health structures. Using the simple random selection method without discount and the use of a statistical equation, we found a sample of 384 households to be surveyed, distributed in three departments (Daloa, Vavoua and Zoukougbeu). Population surveys, combined with spatially referenced data under GIS, made it possible to assess not only the spatial distribution of the importance of water-related diseases, but also the areas at health risk. The results highlighted health risk indicators that expose households to water-related diseases linked to the mode of water supply. Also, the contraction of these diseases by households is due to the uncontrolled use of multiple uses and the risky behavior of the population with regard to hygiene and sanitation practices. In addition, we note that those in rural areas are the most affected because of the insufficient level of access to drinking water and adequate sanitation. Thus, these diseases cause great loss of human life and contribute to the disorganization of the social structure.

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