scholarly journals Work and its transformations: from statism-based work to the Gig Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-585
Author(s):  
Grażyna Krzyminiewska
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Culture ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
The Impact

Motivation: Work as a socio-cultural and -economic phenomenon in the process of Poland’s economic transformation within the last thirty years requires special analyses due to its central role both in individual and social terms. To a significant extent, the traditional approach is based on unhelpful separation of economic determinants from the social system as a whole, which is with detriment to the ability to investigate economic processes. Economic phenomena are not the effect of actions of unrelated individuals and their decisions based on rational calculations, but also arise out of the values rooted in their way of thinking and demonstrated through culture. Aim: This paper is aimed at describing the evolution of work in the context of the changes occurring on the labour market which result from the transformation of these institutions and of the economic culture of Poles. The aim may be achieved by assuming that the experience of the so-called ‘cultural turn’, a term which perfectly suits to describe the transformation process, requires interest to be taken also in phenomena occurring in everyday life, such as values, attitudes or cultural patterns. The transformation of work and of its meaning for development will be subject to descriptive and comparative analysis in two aspects: (1) with regard to the shift from statism-based economy to flexible forms of employment and the occurrences that accompany that shift and (2) in terms of global economic and technological changes in this regard. Results: The analyses carried out allowed to describe the changes in the Polish society observed in the area of work. The stages of the changes are identified, and new trends are specified which emerge under the impact of global development and their consequences for the economy and the society.

scholarly journals The Role of the Church in Socio-Economic Transformation: Reformation as a Transformation Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leepo Johannes Modise
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
The Social ◽  
Church And Society ◽  
The Church

This paper consists of five parts. Firstly, a brief historical background of reformation will be discussed as an exercise to remember reformation. Secondly, we review the role of the ecumenical church (SACC) prior to democracy in South Africa. The purpose for focusing on the role of the church from this period is that it gives us a model to follow in our involvement in socio-economic transformation. Thirdly, the social and economic challenges facing the church and society in democratic South Africa will be discussed. Fourthly, we debate the role of the ecumenical church (SACC) in democratic South Africa. Fifthly, the article explores what role the Uniting Reformed Church in South Africa (URCSA) is playing (descriptive) and ought to play (normative) through all her structures to transform the socio-economic situation in South Africa.

scholarly journals POLISH AND EUROPEAN ECONOMIC CULTURE – A COMPARISON

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Ścibiorska-Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Life ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Economic Culture ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Choices

The term "economic culture" describes historically shaped elements in the general culture of population, concerning values recognized and desired by a particular community, relating to the management and to the economic system of the states. The most important economic cultural behaviors include: awareness of economic choices, attitudes and behaviors of economic choices, the rules of the economic game. There is a theory which assumes that the globalization of the economy will lead to the emergence of a single, common to the whole world culture through enculturation, which is defined as a gradual process of growing of the individual (or group) into the culture or cultures through assimilation of cultural heritage of the surrounding community. More inculturation can be understood as a process of movement between different cultures come into contact and the transmission of cultural patterns. The article is an attempt at presenting the Polish economic culture against the European background and identifying the differences. It discusses the impact of national history and religion on the present shape of economic life, with particular regard to its negative aspects, i.e. the relatively high level of bribery and unemployment or the negative personal attitudes.

scholarly journals The economic culture of the polish countryside in the process of 9. changes – an outline of the issues

Ekonomika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Krzyminiewska
Keyword(s):  
Transformation Process ◽  
Value System ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Cultural Aspect ◽  
Economic Attitudes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Economic Culture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Final Effect

The paper The Economic culture of the Polish countryside in the Process of Changes – an outline of issues sets up a thesis that the transformation process has a multidimensional character and that its final effect is decided by an interaction between the organizational-institutional and mental-cultural level. Drawing attention to the cultural aspect increases the accuracy of the formulated diagnoses, explanations and prognoses. The author’s arguments are based on three elements. Firstly, she indicates the theoretical aspects of understanding the economic culture – the ways of defining and operation; secondly, she discusses the essential components of the traditional economic culture of the countryside, indicating the impact that the traditional value system has on contemporary economic attitudes and mentality. Thirdly, she points out how the changes connected with the transformation process exert an influence on modification of the crucial elements of this culture, adapting it to the requirements of contemporary world.

The Changes in the Attitude of Polish Society Toward the Jews in the 18th Century

2004 ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Jacob Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Population ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Politics And Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
The Impact

This chapter evaluates the changes in the attitude of Polish society toward the Jews in the 18th century. The transformations in the social structure, politics and culture of 18th-century Poland had their impact upon the evolution of the predominant attitudes of Polish society towards the Jews. The large numbers of the latter constituted in the second half of the century the largest concentration of Jews in the world. They amounted to about ten per cent of the country's population, which means that their numbers roughly equalled those of the szlachta. This is why in the last century of the Commonwealth's existence, the demographic factor determined Polish attitudes towards the Jews far more than ever before. However, the growth in the demographic potential of the Jewish population coincided with the impact of the ideas of the Enlightenment, with the result that the two factors compounded one another in rendering all problems concerning the Jews highly visible and in considerably influencing the designs for social and political reforms at the time of the Four-Year Diet.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHANGES FOR COMPETITIVENESS IN THE FOODSERVICE INDUSTRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Edyta Gheribi ◽  
Nataliya Voytovych
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
The Social ◽  
Foodservice Industry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Period

The development of the foodservice industry is related to the social and economic changes taking place in last three decades. The sector is sensitive to economic and social trends. The author’s main aim is to define the most important socio-economic changes which took place in Poland as a result of the political and economic transformation after 1989 and the impact which took place in competitiveness in the foodservice industry. The paper used secondary sources of information such as: data of the Główny Urząd Statystyczny (CSO), business reports, and industry newsletters and publications. The research period was the years 1988–2016. A comparative method was applied for the analysis of collected data and materials. Analysis shows that gastronomic business is one of the most vigorous sectors in Poland. Foodservice enterprises show a significant improvement in the quality and variety of services. Social and demographic trends as well as changing values in society and consumer perceptions promote the development of new opportunities and products in the foodservice industry. The foodservice industry is highly competitive.

scholarly journals Preserving traditions and modernization.

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-162
Author(s):  
Fanni Maszlag ◽  
Judit Csoba
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Community Values ◽  
Integration Schemes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The impact of globalization and modernization not only transforms Romani life at the individual level, but also changes the framework for the social integration of traditional communities, the way culture is transferred and socialized, while adding new content to the expression of Romani culture as well as identity and community values. In this transformation process, the dual role of Romani women in the development of new integration schemes is crucial for the minority group. As the guardians of habits and traditions in the socialization of the growing generations of the community, they ensure the continuation of traditions of identity, and at the same time – in response to environmental challenges – they are also the initiators of the changes needed to integrate into the majority society. The aim of the study was to explore the mechanism of this dual role – that is the preservation of tradition and the modernization for integration. In addition, within the framework of research, by examining three generations of Romani women belonging to the same family, we analysed the changing patterns of identity and looked at the extent to which the preservation or abandonment of traditions has contributed to the social integration and assimilation of Romani people over the past 20 years.

scholarly journals GENESIS OF THE POLISH-UKRAINIAN RELATIONS IN 1991-2017

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Current Events ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soviet Economic System ◽  
Positive Results

The question of evolution of Polish-Ukrainian bilateral relations is investigated. Based on the previous academic research, the periodization of Polish-Ukrainian relations has been improved in accordance with current events. It is noted that the bilateral relations began immediately after the restoration of independence by both countries. However, in the early 1990s, bilateral relations were not very active. The reason for this was the processes of economic transformation that took place after the fall of the Soviet economic system, which led to a weak economic situation. The ideological germs of the Polish-Ukrainian understanding originate from the activities of the publication «Culture» around which the Polish and Ukrainian liberal elites were concentrated, which aimed to begin the process of understanding between the two peoples. It is noted that in the 2000s, Polish-Ukrainian relations were mainly connected with the presidencies of V. Yushchenko and A. Kwaśniewski, and later L. Kaczynski. Personalism in relations had positive results, which contributed to an intensification of dialogue between countries. At the end of Yushchenko's term, relations fell asleep, which was due to the events in Ukraine. Nevertheless, the Eastern Partnership was launched during this period. After 2014, bilateral relations entered a phase of stable understanding. The formula «forgive and apologize» was chosen, thus referring to the well-known exchange of letters between the Polish and German bishops. Attention is drawn to the fact that the President Petro Poroshenko tried to strengthen bilateral relations. The weakness of Polish-Ukrainian relations is cooperation at the society level. It is the deepening of the social level that should contribute to the stability of relations and reduce the impact of the negative phenomena related to the political conflict, which are occasionally present in Polish-Ukrainian relations, especially in the context of historical policy in recent years.

Impact of Social Rules on Creating A Liveable Space the Case of El-Fawakhria Traditional Quarter - Al-Arish - Egypt

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Monem Ragab
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Social Rules ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The transformation of the traditional desert houses in "Al-Arish" old settlement through various cultures and civilizations is a particularly unique case. The way the traditional house absorbs new members and accommodates new nuclear families at the same plot area is an interesting case. Previous researches have examined configuration characteristics of the traditional houses in "Al-Arish". This paper will focus on the interpretation of morphology and social structure. It is almost a truism within space syntax research that the sociologically significant aspects of a building are directly reflected in its spatial configuration. (Sonit Pafna, 2001). In the selected area for the case study, there are different house types referring to three main time periods; 1) pre-occupation period (type-a) unchanged original house forms, 2) occupation period (type-b); and 3) post-occupation period (type-c). House plans were examined using space syntax methods, and relationships to shifts in social traditions and family structures were analyzed. Typically the guest courtyard and the family courtyard, as the central living spaces, have always been an essential part of the social life of the society, their transformation were emphasized. Results of the study related to transformation process and the feedback of the changed social structure and the impact of the Islamic inheritance roles on the house forms were simulated and discussed for further research into accommodating solutions for contemporary needs of the inhabitants as guidelines for current housing practices.* The research aims to sketch a way of understanding the impact of the social rules and traditions on the spatial pattern, in other words detecting the society's impact on space. The paper intends to examine and explore the transformation process of Sinai's traditional houses and the changed social behavior from living within complex family structure to nuclear family structures with segregated household.

scholarly journals The Chemistry of Famine: Nutritional Controversies and the Irish Famine, c.1845–7

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Miller
Keyword(s):  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
The Public ◽  
Irish Famine ◽  
Soup Kitchen ◽  
Nutritional Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Board

AbstractThe activities of Irish medical practitioners in relieving the impact of the Irish Famine (c.1845–52) have been well documented. However, analysis of the function of contemporary medico-scientificideasrelating to food has remained mostly absent from Famine historiography. This is surprising, given the burgeoning influence of Liebigian chemistry and the rising social prominence of nutritional science in the 1840s. Within this article, I argue that the Famine opened up avenues for advocates of the social value of nutritional science to engage with politico-economic discussion regarding Irish dietary, social and economic transformation. Nutritional science was prominent within the activities of the Scientific Commission, the Central Board of Health and in debates regarding soup kitchen schemes. However, the practical inefficacy of many scientific suggestions resulted in public associations being forged between nutritional science and the inefficiencies of state relief policy, whilst emergent tensions between the state, science and the public encouraged scientists in Ireland to gradually distance themselves from state-sponsored relief practices.

The ‘Gig’ Economy and its Impact on Social Security

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borja Suárez Corujo
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Total Lack ◽  
New Forms Of Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Platform Economy ◽  
Shed Light

This article aims to shed light on one crucial aspect of the ‘gig’ economy: the extent to which the new forms of work in this field undermine the pillars upon which traditional Bismarckian systems of social security have been built. Focusing on Spain, three main issues are analysed. First, after considering the legal classification of this type of service provision and its implications, the scheme within the social security system that corresponds to the registration of the service providers is identified. Second, how registration and subsequent social security contributions affect the generosity of social benefits is clarified. In particular, attention is paid to both the risk of partial, or total, lack of, protection due to the absence of compulsory contributions and the low-level of contributions made by the self-employed. And third, the impact the development of the platform economy may have on the financing of social security and its future sustainability – given the current difficulties confronting the Spanish economy – is examined. Some recommendations relating to these three issues are outlined as concluding remarks.

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