scholarly journals Demonetisation as an Economic Policy Tool: Macroeconomic Implications of a Monetary Market Shock. The Example of the Indian Monetary Reform

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Sebastian Amit Roy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Monetary Reform ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Macroeconomic Implications

scholarly journals Public Procurement as an Economic Policy Tool

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Melnikov ◽  
◽  
Ilya N. Karelin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Technology Modeling ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Budgets

The paper provides the rationale for using the public contractual system of the Russian Federation as a mechanism of a proactive economic policy. A number of works are analyzed that consider expenditure stimulation through a public contractual system as the main regulatory tool, for instance, in building national innovative systems, advancing research and technology, modeling the structure of the economy as well as solving social problems. An empirical analysis of the role of the Russian contractual system is given in view of its impact upon development of the regional economies in 2012–2019. Regular significant relations between the scope of financing public procurement within the contractual system of the Russian Federation and adequate own funds in the regional budgets are confirmed. The trends in elasticity coefficients characterizing correlations between the scope of financing of public and municipal procurement within the Russian public contractual system and particular tax groups in consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation in 2012–2019 indicate economic appropriateness of increased procurement costs in terms of simultaneously providing own funds to the budgets. A positive influence of public and municipal procurement upon the level of employment and innovative activity of entities is shown, verifying, therefore, the potential of the Russian contractual system to support social and innovative policy, which is consistent with international evaluations. Conclusions are reached on the expediency of employing the budget and contractual system cumulatively as a proactive mechanism of economic policy to achieve efficient economic orders.

NAFTA in a Comparative Perspective: A Debate on Trade Diplomacy, Economic Policy, and Regionalism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidro Morales
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
North America ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
North American ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Regional Competitiveness ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Zero Sum

“A Marriage of Convenience” became the best metaphor, coined in 1990 by distinguished American economist Sidney Weintraub to summarize the fundamentals under which NAFTA was built and understood, at least in mainstream analysis: the economic complementarities existing among the three countries of North America could work to the benefit of everyone involved if economic integration is well managed and geared toward the improvement of regional competitiveness. Thus, NAFTA became the privileged tool under which managed integration became implemented and assessed, at least in three major domains: as a foreign policy tool to advance the interests of each nation, as an economic device to reap the benefits of integration, and as the backbone under which a regional political and social bloc could eventually be constructed. Scholars, intellectuals, and public officials engaged in the discussions around NAFTA in each of those fields shared ideas, built some consensus, and split on dissents following competing approaches and/or national cleavages. The current literature in those three major fields of discussion is rich, voluminous, and highly inspiring, sometimes making references to other integrative experiences. This article reviews these debates and highlights either the consensus or dissention witnessed in each of the three domains under which NAFTA has been discussed the most. Since NAFTA cannot be separated from the political and social contexts that the debates and discussions took place in, a reference to those political contexts can be made when explaining and summarizing the debates. At a time when the mainstream consensus around NAFTA is being challenged by U.S. President Trump’s assumption that NAFTA is not about complementary economies but about economies competing against each other under a zero-sum game rationale, politics comes back to the forefront of North American affairs. The renegotiation of NAFTA will doubtless redefine the partnership among the three North American countries and the role that economic cooperation and integration entails for each.

scholarly journals O regime aduaneiro especial de drawback como política econômica de incentivo às operações de comércio exterior no modal marí­timo - The drawback special customs arrangements as an economic policy for encouraging external trade operations

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erico Hack ◽  
Paula Tatyane Cardozo Stemberg
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Great Reduction ◽  
New Products ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Teaching ◽  
Final Work

<p>Este artigo é resultado de parte do Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado em dezembro de 2015 para obtenção do título de Bacharel em Direito, pela Organização Paranaense de Ensino Técnico (OPET) e buscou analisar se e como o Regime Aduaneiro Especial de Drawback (RAED) se caracteriza como uma política econômica, a partir dos indícios de ser utilizado frequentemente pelas empresas que operam comércio exterior, sob justificativa de grande redução no custo nas importações e exportações. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada foi a de revisão de literatura. Confirmou que o RAED é uma ferramenta de política econômica de incentivo à exportação com implicações temporal, operacional, e pecuniária, sendo que esta última confere o estímulo através da isenção, suspensão ou restituição de tributos no momento da importação, desde que utilizados na produção de novos produtos, que deverão ser exportados, conferindo reduções na exportação de até 71,6%, se proveniente de importação, e de até 36,6% se importação com aquisição no mercado interno.</p><p> </p><p>This article is a result of part of the Final Work presented in December 2015 to obtain a Bachelor of Laws degree from the Paraná Technical Teaching Organization (OPET), and sought to analyze if and how the Special Drawback Customs Regime (RAED) Is characterized as an economic policy, based on the indications of being frequently used by the companies that operate foreign trade, under the justification of a great reduction in the cost in imports and exports. For that, the methodology used was that of literature review. It confirmed that the RAED is an economic policy tool for export incentives with temporal, operational and pecuniary implications, and the latter provides the stimulus by exempting, suspending or refunding taxes at the time of importation, provided that they are used in the production of new Products, which should be exported, granting export reductions of up to 71.6%, if imported, and up to 36.6% if imported with an acquisition in the domestic market</p>

scholarly journals CONVERGENCE PROGRAMMES AS AN ECONOMIC POLICY TOOL WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Marta Postuła ◽  
Justyna Sobolewska ◽  
Jacek Tomkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Stability And Growth Pact ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Growth Pact ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Fiscal Imbalance ◽  
The Eu

The article presents the results of research indicating to what extent the convergence programmes submitted to the European Commission prove country’s willingness to improve the fiscal policy in a desired way and to what extent they constitute a mere fulfilment of a formal duty without any actual intent to achieve the indicated macroeconomic parameters. The conducted analyses allow to conclude that the European countries, while preparing the prognostic documents, have a tendency to hide the scale of the fiscal imbalance that reflects a lack of consistency between the current balance of the sector and an increase in the public debt. The results of quantitative and qualitative research indicate that, regardless of the implemented regulatory solutions at the EU level in the framework of the modified Stability and Growth Pact, certain flaws of the tools used for economic policy coordination at the European level are still visible.

THE FISCAL AND ECONOMIC POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN MINISTER OF FINANCE S. Y. VITTE AND CRITICISM OF IT FROM S. F. SHARAPOV (XIX – BEGINNING OF XX CENTURY)

2018 ◽  
pp. 326-335
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Y. Baybikov
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Monetary Reform ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Rail Network ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fiscal And Monetary Policy

Introduction. In 1842 Russian Finance Ministry was leaded by S. Y. Vitte. On his initiative serious economic reforms were carried out: the implementation of monetary reform, the construction of Siberian railway line and the adoption of the new statutes of the State Bank. However, the fiscal and monetary policy of S. Y. Vitte had its supporters as well as its opponents. Among those who were against the measures taken by S. Y. Vitte a well known (in those days) economist and publicist S. F. Sharapov, who especially defended the rights of the peasantry and argued that the development of Russian economy was different from the way of Eastern Europe. Materias and Methods. Despite many publications on this topic there has not been yet full research on the reorganizations undertaken by S. Y. Vitte and the alternative models put forward by his opponents and which specific direction of the fiscal and monetary policy were criticized. The aim of the given article is the analysis of the major reforms made by S. Y. Vitte, the critique on the part of his adversaries and familiarizing with the alternative suggestions. One can best understand it on the economic activity of S. F. Sharapov, who was the main opponent of most of the reorganizations. Results and Discussion. Among the main directions of the policy carried out by Finance Ministry in 1892–1903 one can single out the following: the preparation and implementation of monetary reform, which became the cornerstone of Vitte economic policy and the construction of railroads. Monetary reform was conducted gradually during 1895–1897. At the moment of its preparation S. F. Sharapov severely criticized the fiscal policy carried out by S. Y. Vitte. Unlike the supporters of the metal money circulation, he considered that the basis of the monetary system of Russia must be a paper rouble, which was pegged neither to gold nor to silver. S. F. Sharapov also came out against the wide range of the construction of railroads. In spite of the popularity of his ideas in the Russian society S. F. Sharapov did not get the support of the representatives of the main socio-political tendencies. There turned out to be more supporters of monetary reform and economic reorganizations. Conclusion. As for the monetary reform – the most important event in the activity of S. Y. Vitte – there is still a difference of opinion who was right: the supporters of introducing gold standard in Russia or its opponents “the nominalists” remains an open question. In 1898 summing up the results of the economic reform S. Y. Vitte ascertained that “money supply in Russia has been put to order and has been performing as soundly as in those states, where this branch of economy has long been in perfect order”. Subsequent events confirmed that “the nominalists” might have been right. Nowadays world monetary systems do not foresee the exchange of monetary units for gold and currencies are not pegged at the exchange rate of gold. The era of gold standard has come to an end and at present exchange rates and the stability of a monetary unit of this or that country depend on the state of the economy of this country. As far as railroad construction is concerned it should justly be noted, that a great deal of railroads as well as the construction of factories and plants in the whole world has caused damage to the environment as was foretold by S. F. Sharapov. Yet, when the territory of Russia was covered by rail network it resulted in a transfer of economic and cultural centres – cities through which railroads were laid began to develop rapidly and the cities without railroad connection started falling into decay. Thus Russia changed greatly.

scholarly journals Addressing a Structural Cause of Mental Disorders with an Economic Policy Reform

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. p29
Author(s):  
Lea Marlen Weber ◽  
Maurice Höfgen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Price Stability ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Involuntary Unemployment ◽  
Personal Influence ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
The Social

This paper contributes to the etiology of several mental disorders by taking into consideration the social and personal influence the economy has on each individual. Within the neoliberal paradigm, involuntary unemployment is used as a policy tool to achieve price stability. Hence, permanent existence of involuntary unemployment is inherent to neoliberal economic policy. While research suggests a strong negative impact of involuntary unemployment on mental health, this paper argues that unemployment within the neoliberal paradigm in many ways even worsens the anyhow negative impact. In light of the destructive forces of involuntary unemployment combined with an individualistic zeitgeist as well as in light of the benefits associated with continuous access to meaningful employment, this paper suggests the implementation of a Job-Guarantee as a means to address a structural cause of mental disorders, particularly depression and anxiety.

scholarly journals Currency Reforms in the Polish State After 1945. Legaleconomic Issues

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Robert Jastrzębski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
World War ◽  
Monetary Reform ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Socialist Economic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Second World ◽  
Periodic Changes

Abstract The subject of the article are currency reforms that were carried out after the Second World War in the Polish state. The first legal regulations from 1944 - 45 concerned the unification of the money circulation, which in practice meant the exchange of occupation money for the new currency. However, the repayment of financial claims made before the outbreak of the war was regulated by a decree of 1949. Another monetary reform concerned the new, socialist economic policy of the Polish state. The basis for it was the Act of October 28, 1950 on the change of the monetary system. After this reform, periodic changes in prices and wages were introduced, which were not based on strictly legislative solutions. In practice, these ordinances were in the nature of new monetary reforms. The Act of 1950 was repealed by the Act of 7 July 1994 on the denomination of the zloty.

scholarly journals Theoretical Problems of the International Monetary System

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
International Monetary System ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monetary Reform ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
System Part ◽  
The University ◽  
Policy Problems

Since 1958, international economists have been greatly concerned with the problem of international monetary reform. Research and writing on this problem has taken one or other of two broad forms. Those economists most concerned with policy have concerned themselves with emphasizing the need for inter¬national monetary reform and propounding workable (negotiable) schemes for achieving it. International monetary theorists, on the other hand, have been concerned with the theoretical policy problems of achieving and maintaining balance-of-payments equilibrium in the present internaticnal monetary system of fixed exchange rates. They have also become concerned with the problems of the system as a monetary system. This paper belongs to the latter category. It seeks to outline the main propositions of the analysis of international economic policy and policy problems that have been developed by economists working in this field in recent years. Part I is concerned with the economic policy problems of maintaining both full employ¬ment and balance-of-payments equilibrium, first for a single country on a fixed exchange rate, then for two or more countries linked in a multi-country inter¬national monetary system. Part II is concerned with certain features of the present international monetary system, viewed as a monetary system. The analysis of Part I is Keynesian, that of Part II classical, in approach. Both parts draw heavily on papers presented at the University of Chicago Conference on Inter¬national Monetary Problems organized by R. A. Mundell, held at Chicago in September 1966.

International Tourism

2016 ◽  
pp. 330-341
Author(s):  
Filipe Peças Correia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
International Diversification ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Economies In Transition ◽  
The Third ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
International Trade Theory

This chapter will make use of existing theory to better analyze and discuss how international tourism can actually be a development source, or at least a link for development for economies in transition. Its first section faces the tourism as an exported item, linking it to the international trade theory, showing how a country might benefit from it. The second one, focus on international tourism as an investment both for governments and companies in the sector, with the special feature of international diversification, taking into account that foreign tourists bring foreign currency with them. The third section approaches the potential economic policy tool that can be seen in tourism, given its uniqueness as a market, and its contribution for the economy.

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