scholarly journals Auroral oval as a beautiful but outdated paradigm

10.12737/5673 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Леонид Лазутин ◽  
Leonid Lazutin
Keyword(s):  
Auroral Oval ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Polar Ionosphere ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Important Region ◽  
History Of

Being an important region of the polar ionosphere, the auroral oval is considered in many studies on the disturbed magnetosphere. The oval seems to be thoroughly known to all researchers, but there is evidence of misunderstanding in some papers, so it is time to review this matter. Most works describing the auroral position and dynamics were published more than a half-century ago and became a rarity. In this paper, we tell the history of studies on distribution of auroras before the oval was discovered. We also touch upon the discovery of the oval and tell how it changed our viewpoint on the magnetospheric processes. Besides, we describe how the oval paradigm developed and became non-productive (from our point of view) for studying the structure of the magnetosphere and magnetospheric disturbances. Finally we show the position of the aural zone and auroral magnetosphere among the main domains of the magnetosphere.

scholarly journals World first complex optical instrumental observations of aurora in the Arctic in 1899−1900

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1523-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Chernouss ◽  
G. V. Starkov ◽  
L. S. Yevlashin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Auroral Oval ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Atmospheric Sciences ◽  
Instrumental Observations ◽  
History Of Geophysics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Instruments And Techniques ◽  
Auroral Emissions

Abstract. This report presents data and analysis of visual, photographic and auroral spectral data, obtained by the Russian astronomer J. Sykora from the Russian-Swedish expedition to Spitsbergen during the 1899–1900 winter season, which are historically significant for auroral studies. These data seem to be the first instrumental observations of auroral spectra in the Arctic and some of the emissions discovered have world priority. The second known photos in the world of aurora from the Arctic and undoubtedly the first ones for geomagnetic latitudes of about 75° in the Spitsbergen Archipelago were obtained. The results of the expedition are discussed from a modern point of view and compared with our knowledge of the 21st century. A description of the equipment and methods that were used by Russian astronomers is presented. Both photographic and spectral devices using registration by photographic plates were used, along with special methods of their development and enhancement. Some statistical analysis was done on the basis of the expedition reports and diaries. This analysis shows that by using Sykora's data it was possible to discover the auroral oval or instantaneous auroral distribution over the polar region. Analysis of photographic samples and sketches of the aurora demonstrate typical auroral form outlines as they are described today. Spectral plates exposed for several hours to auroral lights revealed not only the main auroral emissions, which were well-known at that time, but several other unidentified weak emissions, which were rediscovered and interpreted years later. Keywords. History of geophysics (Atmospheric sciences, instruments and techniques)

Asquith at Paisley: the Content of British Liberalism at the End of Its Era

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-159
Author(s):  
Robert Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Political Campaigns ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
British Politics ◽  
Liberal Party ◽  
New Era ◽  
Half Century ◽  
William Gladstone ◽  
History Of ◽  
Liberal Government ◽  
New Democracy

Two political campaigns in the Scottish Lowlands mark the beginning and the end of the half century during which the Liberal party rose, had its era of greatness, and fell. They are Midlothian and Paisley. In the first, William Gladstone made use of the new democracy of the Reform Act of 1867 by giving many speeches to vast crowds in a concentrated, spectacular campaign. He also broke new ground by setting out in these speeches the whole sweep of a political point of view, providing both contemporaries and historians with a convenient study in depth of its assumptions and goals. Midlothian was a legend before the cheers had subsided. It began a new era in British politics.The second of these landmark campaigns, that at Paisley, saw Herbert Henry Asquith, the last of Gladstone's protégés as well as the last Prime Minister of a Liberal government, stumping the streets of that industrial town in the first weeks of 1920. It, too, was the object of intense national interest and resulted in important political changes. Similarly, Asquith's speeches covered the whole range of national problems, thus supplying once more a convenient presentation in depth of Liberalism as the leader of the Liberal party conceived it. Paisley provides both a window into the political mêlée which saw the collapse of the Liberals and the rise of Labour, and a reference point in the history of Liberal thought in Britain. In brief, this is consensus Liberalism as it stood at the end of its half century of power and influence.

scholarly journals A preparação do Concílio Vaticano II na renovação eclesiológica

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (291) ◽  
pp. 532-558
Author(s):  
Antonio Luiz Catelan Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Body Of Christ ◽  
People Of God ◽  
Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ecumenical Council

O presente estudo quer contribuir para a compreensão da eclesiologia do Concílio Ecumênico Vaticano II em perspectiva de história das ideias teológicas. Para isso, situa-a com relação ao movimento de renovação da eclesiologia, que se desenvolveu ao longo de cerca de cento e cinquenta anos. A perspectiva histórica permite compreender a origem e o fundamento das noções que o Concílio utiliza e o potencial de renovação da vida eclesial de que são portadoras. Dá atenção especial às noções de sociedade, corpo místico de Cristo, povo de Deus e comunhão, por serem as que articulam maior número de contribuições em termos de compreensão da realidade eclesial.Abstract: The present paper aims contribute for the comprehension on the ecclesiology of Ecumenical Council Vatican II from the point of view of the history of the theological ideas. Setting it relation with the ecclesiological renew movement, developed along of one an half century. This perspective allows understanding the roots of the notions used by the Council and his potential in order of renewing ecclesial life. It emphasizes the notions of society, mystical body of Christ, people of God and communion, because of those best articulate elements for the understanding of the ecclesial reality.Keywords: Church. Ecclesiology. Council Vatican II. Ecclesiological notions.

Perspectives of Reforming the System of Interbudget Relations in Russia (in the Light of the International Experience)

2006 ◽  
pp. 112-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nazarov
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Short History ◽  
History Of

The attempts to reconstruct the instruments of interbudget relations take place in all federations. In Russia such attempts are especially popular due to the short history of intergovernmental relations. Thus the review of the ¬international experience of managing interbudget relations to provide economic and social welfare can be useful for present-day Russia. The author develops models of intergovernmental relations from the point of view of making decisions about budget authorities’ distribution. The models that can be better applied in the Russian case are demonstrated.

Reframing the Sciences of the Long Eighteenth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Giuliano Pancaldi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
Past Half

Here I survey a sample of the essays and reviews on the sciences of the long eighteenth century published in this journal since it was founded in 1969. The connecting thread is some historiographic reflections on the role that disciplines—in both the sciences we study and the fields we practice—have played in the development of the history of science over the past half century. I argue that, as far as disciplines are concerned, we now find ourselves a bit closer to a situation described in our studies of the long eighteenth century than we were fifty years ago. This should both favor our understanding of that period and, hopefully, make the historical studies that explore it more relevant to present-day developments and science policy. This essay is part of a special issue entitled “Looking Backward, Looking Forward: HSNS at 50,” edited by Erika Lorraine Milam.

Beérkezett könyvek

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-770
Author(s):  
Csaba Pléh
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
New Science ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Oxford University Press

Danziger, Kurt: Marking the mind. A history of memory . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008Farkas, Katalin: The subject’s point of view. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008MosoninéFriedJudités TolnaiMárton(szerk.): Tudomány és politika. Typotex, Budapest, 2008Iacobini, Marco: Mirroring people. The new science of how we connect with others. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 2008Changeux, Jean-Pierre. Du vrai, du beau, du bien.Une nouvelle approche neuronale. Odile Jacob, PárizsGazzaniga_n

Thanato-Laboratorien. Theorien von Tod und Sterben und Elias Canettis Buch gegen den Tod

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Heyne
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Elias Canetti ◽  
History Of ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
First Time ◽  
Textual Form ◽  
Or History

AbstractAlthough visual culture of the 21th century increasingly focuses on representation of death and dying, contemporary discourses still lack a language of death adequate to the event shown by pictures and visual images from an outside point of view. Following this observation, this article suggests a re-reading of 20th century author Elias Canetti. His lifelong notes have been edited and published posthumously for the first time in 2014. Thanks to this edition Canetti's short texts and aphorisms can be focused as a textual laboratory in which he tries to model a language of death on experimental practices of natural sciences. The miniature series of experiments address the problem of death, not representable in discourses of cultural studies, system theory or history of knowledge, and in doing so, Canetti creates liminal texts at the margins of western concepts of (human) life, science and established textual form.

History of Tour de France from the Geographical Point of View

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 255-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Bačík ◽  
Michal Klobučník
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Tour De France ◽  
Wide Circle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Expert Community ◽  
Geographical Point

Abstract The Tour de France, a three week bicycle race has a unique place in the world of sports. The 100th edition of the event took place in 2013. In the past of 110 years of its history, people noticed unique stories and duels in particular periods, celebrities that became legends that the world of sports will never forget. Also many places where the races unfolded made history in the Tour de France. In this article we tried to point out the spatial context of this event using advanced technologies for distribution of historical facts over the Internet. The Introduction briefly displays the attendance of a particular stage based on a regional point of view. The main topic deals with selected historical aspects of difficult ascents which every year decide the winner of Tour de France, and also attract fans from all over the world. In the final stage of the research, the distribution of results on the website available to a wide circle of fans of this sports event played a very significant part (www.tdfrance.eu). Using advanced methods and procedures we have tried to capture the historical and spatial dimensions of Tour de France in its general form and thus offering a new view of this unique sports event not only to the expert community, but for the general public as well.

The Guatemalan Genocide Through Indigenous Mayan Literature Twenty Years After the Peace Accords: Rigoberta Menchú, Humberto Ak´Abal and Victor Montejo

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
David Caballero Mariscal
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Rigoberta Menchu ◽  
Testimonial Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peace Accords ◽  
Historical Truth

Guatemala experienced a cruel genocide in the early eighties, in the context of a repressive Conflict. Due to the different governments´ repressive policies, this terrible social situation was little known abroad, and even in the own country. Just after the Peace Accords, several organisms worked to uncover the historical truth. In any case, we cannot forget that testimonial literature is a privileged mean to know this dark period of the contemporary history of Guatemala. This genre is particularly relevant, because the main writers are originally Mayans, and have directly suffered both repression and social exclusion due to ethnic reasons. Rigoberta Menchú, Unmberto Ak´abal and Víctor Montejo represent a new and original point of view in the measure in which they describe feelings and situations from the perspective of those who experience them personally. Testimonial literature or the Testimonio becomes an ethnographic document that allows us to know not just a period but a people who have suffered from repression and exclusion for centuries.

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