scholarly journals PRECURSORS AND NUTRITIENT STATUS EFFECT ON THE YIELD OF HARD SPRING WHEAT IN THE URAL ORENBURG ARID STEPPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Nikolai Maksyutov ◽  
Aleksandr Zorov ◽  
Vitali Skorokhodov ◽  
Dmitri Mitrofanov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Hard Spring Wheat

The purpose of the research is the yield increase of spring wheat under arid steppe of the Orenburg pre-Urals con-ditions. Stationary long term field experience was laid on the site of the Kuibyshev's experimental production farm located in Orenburg district. Crop rotations and hard spring wheat monocrop have been studied for 30 years. The two-factor experimental design, consisting of four repetitions was developed. The results of long-term stationary studies for 1990-2019 involving five rotations and hard spring wheat monocrop are presented. Weather conditions, the precursor type and nutrient status are the major factors affecting the hard spring wheat yield. The number of hyperarid years when hard spring wheat yield was less than 5 C per 1 ha in the first rotation amounted to 1 year, in the second – 2, in the third and the fourth – 3 years, in the fifth – 5 years. A significant hard spring wheat increase in yield on the basis of fertilized ground over 30 years was noted on weedfree fallow – 6 years, conservation tillage – 10, green manured – 8, winter – 12, corn – 13 and peas – 4 years, monocrop – 10 years. The highest yield of hard spring wheat for five rotations was on weedfree fallow, conservation tillage and green manured areas (average for two nutrient status), respectively, 11.4, 11.4 and 11.6 C per 1 ha, after winter crops – 10.3 C, corn for silage – 9.3 C, peas – 9.0 C and monocrop – 7.7 C per 1 ha. The yield increase from the fertilized ground was obtained within five rotations respectively for these precursors: 0.4, 0.6, 0.6, 1.0, 0.8, 0.3 and 0.9 C from 1 ha. The research was carried out in accordance with the plan for 2020-2021developed by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Acade-my of Sciences» (№ 0761-2019-0003).

The influence of rotation systems on long-term trends in wheat yield

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 935 ◽  
Author(s):  
BR Elliott ◽  
R Jardine
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Yield Trends

The wheat yield trends of six rotation systems were examined over the 29-year period 1940-1968. The multiple regression model used incorporated variables to minimize the effect of climatic fluctuations and trends. All the rotation systems examined showed positive, almost linear, yield increases over the first 19 years (1940-1958). Over the final 10 years (1959-1968) those systems including a pasture phase continued to show a linear yield increase; other three-course systems (fallow, wheat, stubble crop) showed a less than linear yield increase; while the two-course system (fallow, wheat) showed a 22% yield decline. Possible factors influencing the yield trends are briefly discussed.

CONTROL OF WILD OAT WITH TRIALLATE IN A SPRING WHEAT CONSERVATION TILLAGE SYSTEM

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. CARLSON ◽  
L. A. MORROW
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

Triallate granules were applied at 2.8 kg/ha without incorporation either immediately before or after planting into standing spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Fielder’ and ’Dirkwin’) stubble. The triallate granules controlled wild oat (Avena fatua L.), and resulted in increased spring wheat yield. Difenzoquat or diclofop-methyl application also increased wheat yields.Key words: Triallate, oat (wild), conservation tillage, minimum tillage, wheat (spring)

scholarly journals The effect of macro- and micro-fertilizers on spring wheat productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04040
Author(s):  
V Isaychev ◽  
N Andreev ◽  
V Kostin
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of the study was to explore the effectiveness of various modifications of the preparation Megamix and complex macrofertilizers in cultivation of the spring wheat variety Ulyanovskaya 100 in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The factors used in the experiment contribute to a yield increase by 0.37 - 3.12 c / ha. The use of the Megamix-Zinc modification with complex mineral fertilizers gives the greatest yield increase compared with the control group which amounts to 11%. All modifications of the Megamix preparation have a positive effect on the structure elements of the spring wheat yield. The highest test weight is observed in the Megamix-Zinc option with previous application of mineral fertilizers. The increase in this indicator from the factors used was 4.8 - 18.7 g / l, depending on the option. Under the influence of the studied factors, the vitreousness of the spring wheat grain increases by 1.28 5.83%. Top dressing has a positive effect on the weight of 1000 seeds. This indicator increased by 0.49 - 2.80 grams, compared with the control option.

Effects of long-term fertilization on the yield of winter wheat and N forms on Luvic Phaeosem soil determined in 0.01 M CaCl 2

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bertáné Szabó ◽  
J. Loch ◽  
Gy. Zsigrai ◽  
L. Blaskó
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Balance ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Fertilization Practice

The effects of regular NPK fertilization on the amounts of winter wheat yield and the amounts and proportion of different N forms (NO 3 -N, NH 4 -N, N org , N total ) of a Luvic Phaeosem soil determined in 0.01 M CaCl 2 were studied in the B1740 variant of the National Long-Term Fertilization Experiment at Karcag. According to the yield data, N and P fertilization increased winter wheat yield significantly. When applying the 200 kg N·ha -1 dose, P fertilization resulted in a more than 2 t·ha -1 yield increase, as compared to the treatments without P fertilization. K fertilization had no effect on the yield, similarly to preceding years. These findings may be adapted to fields of the Middle-Tisza Region with similar conditions to the trial site. The N forms of the soil determined in CaCl 2 reflected fertilization well. All of the fractions, but especially NO 3 -N and N total , increased significantly in response to N fertilization. Close relationships (r = 0.87–0.88) were found among the NO 3 -N and N total fractions and the N balance, which means that the amounts of NO 3 -N and N total are suitable for assessing both the N deficit and the N surplus. The strength of the correlation between the NH 4 -N content and N balance was moderate (r = 0.65). The N org fraction increased significantly as a function of N and P fertilization. These results can be explained with the yield increase. A significant correlation (r = 0.55) was found between the N org fraction and yield amounts. It can be established that organic residuals remaining on the site resulted in a significant increase in the N org content of soils. The gained results confirm that the N org fraction is suitable for the characterization of the readily mobilizable N reserves previously ignored in fertilization practice. On the basis of the presented results the CaCl 2 method is recommended for the precise estimation of nutrient requirements.

SPRING WHEAT VARIETY TRIALS IN THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Stability ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Hard Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety

A regression technique was used to analyze the behavior and adaptability of widely grown commercial strains of Canadian hard spring wheat. Yield advances achieved by plant breeding in the past 60 years were estimated. The analysis showed that the advantage derived from rust-resistant varieties has been to increase yields under high-productivity conditions. Manitou and Thatcher were shown to be the more widely adapted of the commercial strains considered. Park is adapted to high-productivity and Cypress to low-productivity conditions.The same method was used to analyze results from trials including strains from Mexico. Pitic 62 is a high-yielding variety shown to have low phenotypic stability. Of the strains tested, Carazinho is phenotypically the most stable but also has the lowest yield. This yield difference was particularly marked at the higher productivity levels.

Waterlogging reduction and wheat yield increase through long-term ditch-buried straw return in a rice—wheat rotation system

2017 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haishui Yang ◽  
Silong Zhai ◽  
Yifan Li ◽  
Jiajia Zhou ◽  
Ruiyin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Straw Return

scholarly journals Efficiency of crop rotation under long-term application of basic tillage systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
N. V. Perfilyev ◽  
O. A. Vyushina
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Tillage Systems

An assessment is given of the long-term impact of basic tillage systems of various degrees of intensity on the yield and economic efficiency of production in the cultivation of cereals in grainfallow crop rotation. The study was carried out in 2017–2019 in a long-term stationary experiment on dark grey forest heavy loamy soil in Tyumen region. The experiments were carried out during the seventh rotation of the grain-fallow crop rotation: bare fallow – winter rye – spring wheat – spring wheat – spring barley, spread in time and space. In years with high temperatures and good rainfall, close to the average annual rainfall, resource-saving tillage systems with disk harrowing BDT-2.5 by 10-12 cm and stubble-mulch tillage by 12-14 cm with and without fertilizers led to a decrease in winter rye yield by 0.30-0.98 t/ha. Wheat yield against winter rye and barley was close to the variant with the moldboard tillage. There was a decrease in the yield of wheat sown repeatedly without the use of fertilizers by 0.04-0.40 t/ha. When fertilizers were used, the yield was equal to the control. The moldboard tillage without fertilizers was the most effective, with the net income of 14.92 thousand rubles/ha. Combined and surface soil tillage systems were similar in efficiency to the moldboard tillage (inferior by 4.3-6.6%). The most effective cultivation of cereals with the use of fertilizers was by minimum combined tillage with alternating plowing and disk harrowing, with the net income of 17.74 thousand rubles/ha, which was 13.4% higher compared to moldboard plowing. Differentiated, stubble-mulch and combined tillage brought the net income close to the control. In the remaining options studied, the net income was lower than with the moldboard tillage: without fertilizers – by 1.26-2.44 thousand rubles/ha (8.5-16.3%), with the use of fertilizers – by 1.02-1.78 thousand rubles/ha (6.5-9.0%).

Spring wheat yield trends in long-term fertility trials

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Selles ◽  
R. P. Zentner
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
N Availability ◽  
New Production ◽  
Available N ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Production Technologies

Results from a 16-yr fertility study conducted on fallow and stubble throughout southwestern Saskatchewan were used to assess the effects of technology adoption on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields and the influence of available N on the yield effect of these new technologies. The magnitude of the residual trend (after the effect of growing-season precipitation was removed) was considered to reflect the yield increases attributable solely to the newly adopted technologies. Of the independent variables monitored, May and July precipitation and total available water on fallow plots were affected by time. Yields of wheat grown on stubble and fallow increased by an average 48 and 64 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Of this annual yield increase, 52% on stubble and 78% on fallow were attributed to the adoption of new production technologies, with the remainder being explained by the trends observed in May and July precipitation. Nitrogen availability was an important factor in determining the magnitude of the trend due to technology adoption. The technology trend increased linearly from about 10 kg ha−1 yr−1, at the lowest available N levels, to about 65 kg ha−1 yr−1 when 98 kg N ha−1 was available; there were no further yield increases above this level of N. These results demonstrate that the full benefits of adopting new production technologies and more productive cultivars may not be achieved unless other growth-limiting factors, such as N availability, are removed. Further, this study demonstrates that researchers conducting long-term studies must be aware of possible time trends that may alter or obscure effects of treatments, thus making detrending procedures a basic requirement of data analyses in these types of studies. Key words: Spring wheat, yields, N fertilizer, available nitrogen, available water, trends

DEPENDENCE OF SPRING WHEAT YIELD ON HYDROTHERMIC CONDITIONS IN THE SARATOV REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-473
Author(s):  
E.I. Ormeli
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Stationary Field ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Prognostic Equation ◽  
Phases Of Development

Using long-term stationary field studies on the phases of development of spring wheat, a prognostic equation for calculating the yield of a given crop depending on the duration of the growing season with a monthly lead time was derived. Taking into account the hydrothermic factors of the Saratov region, the prognostic equation of the multiple function of the yield of spring wheat from the amount of precipitation for April-May, the average air temperature in May, the amount of precipitation in June, the amount of precipitation in July, and the duration of the growing season was calculated.

Winter and spring wheat yield depending on type of crop rotations and forecrops in the arid steppe of the Volga region

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Yu. F. Kurdyukov ◽  
L. P. Loshchinina ◽  
Zh. P. Popova ◽  
G. V. Shubitidze ◽  
F. P. Kuz’michev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Arid Steppe
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