Dependence of spring wheat on hydrothermal conditions of growing season of Kama area of middle Volga

10.12737/2424 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Петров ◽  
Sergey Petrov ◽  
Майоров ◽  
Ivan Mayorov ◽  
Сержанов ◽  
...  

The technology of cropping should vary depending on the climatic conditions of a particular region. In developing resource-saving technologies of spring wheat cultivation, we must remember that during the growing season in the Republic of Tatarstan every square centimeter of the soil surface gets a day 1 kcal of heat, the sum of positive temperatures above 10 C in the republic is 2100-2200º, annual rainfall is 450-460 mm of precipitation; an average yield of 2.5 tons of grain per 1 hectare per ton 180 mm of moisture is consumed. This misallocation of productive moisture mainly occurs due to violations of cultivation technology (soil preparation, planting dates, insufficient use of macro-and micronutrients, care for crops etc.). In this regard, during the spring wheat cultivation it is necessary to achieve a minimum of productive moisture evaporation from the soil, the source of precipitation , which would get pretty high yields even in the driest years .

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
Nikolai Vasetsky ◽  
Alexander Paramonov ◽  
Oksana Tseluyko ◽  
Andrey Fedyushkin ◽  
Sergey Pasko

The article shows that the productivity of spring wheat is determined by the total effect of a set of conditions, each of which affects the amount of products obtained. As a result of the research, it was found that the yield of spring wheat directly depends on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. The key factor affecting the increase in the productivity of crops when using mineral fertilizers is the amount of precipitation during the growing season. The use of mineral fertilizers can significantly increase the yield of spring wheat, reducing the negative effect of the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. So, when N60P30K60 was introduced, the yield increase in different climatic conditions of the research years was 9, 3 … 92, 8%. It was also found that the reproductive function of durum spring wheat is characterized by the fact that the total number of caryopses of a shoot spike and their total weight are in close proportional dependence on the value of its vegetative mass. In this case, the value of the grain-straw ratio is a consequence of the proportional dependence of the reproductive elements of the shoot (acceptors) of wheat on the size of its vegetative (donors) organs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Z.G. Lamerdonov ◽  
T.Yu. Khashirova ◽  
S.A. Zhaboev ◽  
L.Zh. Nastueva ◽  
A.А. Shogenov ◽  
...  

The results of experimental studies of the local subsurface irrigation method in comparison with drip irrigation carried out in the laboratory, which showed water savings due to a decrease in evaporation from the soil surface by 10–15 percent are presented. The method of irrigation in closed greenhouse farms using water with a high salt content is described. The paper proposes new patented schematic solutions for protecting plants from frost and pests, describes a multifunctional engineering and reclamation system capable of performing various operations depending on the emerging problems during the growing season.


1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Hansen

In this study I investigated the effects of planting date for soaked versus unsoaked cuttings of two hybrid poplar clones under irrigated versus unirrigated and weedy versus weed-free conditions. Cuttings were planted each year for 4 years. Survival at the end of the first growing season was generally greater than 90% for all planting dates. At the end of the second growing season survival for trees planted before July 16 was again generally more than 90%. However, cuttings planted from July 30 through August 27 showed a major decline in survival and survival of fall planted cuttings ranged from 6 to 90%. Mortality of late summer- or fall-planted cuttings occurred prior to the beginning of the second growing season and was attributed to frost heaving. The tallest trees were not those planted at the earliest possible dates (April in Rhinelander). Instead, the tallest trees at the end of the first and second growing seasons were those planted in early- and mid-May. This optimum planting period was the same regardless of clone, soaking, irrigation, or weed treatment. Actual optimum planting date would change with location and local climatic conditions. Some climatic indices may prove more universal in predicting when to plant. Although tentative, it appears that for best growth, unrooted hybrid poplar cuttings should be planted in soil warmer than 10 °C. Trees do not grow as well if planted immediately after soil frost leaves the ground. Key words: Energy plantations, plantation establishment, woody biomass, intensive culture, Populus.


2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00165
Author(s):  
Igor Serzhanov ◽  
Farit Shaikhutdinov ◽  
Razil Garayev ◽  
Albina Serzhanova

The most valuable and widespread food crop is spring wheat. Soil and climatic conditions influence the grain productivity and quality. The grain quality is affected by air humidity, insolation, nitrogen content in the soil and agricultural technologies. In 2019–2020, on the experimental field of the agronomic faculty of Kazan State Agrarian University, studies aimed to identify the reaction of the Ulyanovskaya 105 spring soft wheat to meteorological conditions and agricultural background were carried out. The soil was light gray forest, medium loamy. The predecessor was winter rye after pure fallow. Meteorological conditions were favorable for the growth and development of spring wheat. In 2019, the HMC was 1.36, in 2020 – 1.13. The maximum yield in 2019 and in 2020 was obtained with the application of calculated doses of fertilizers when sowing 6 million viable seeds per hectare – 3.0–3.44 tons and 3.67–4.21 tons per hectare.


2021 ◽  
Vol XII (2(21)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Cirlig ◽  
◽  
◽  

Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., which is a species with high potential as forage and honey plant, served as the subject of a new study. The species is characterized by short growing season, staggered and long flowering period (about 55 days depending on the climatic conditions and the date when it was sown). Under laboratory conditions, the germination capacity of the seeds is 84-92 %. The climatic conditions of the Republic of Moldova allow P. tanacetifolia plants to complete the whole ontogenetic development cycle – they bloom, bear fruit and produce viable seeds.


Author(s):  
Marina Poskrebysheva ◽  
Rafael' Ismagilov

Studies were conducted to study the effect of air temperature and the amount of precipitation on the growth and development of spring wheat plants. Analysis and quantitative description of the dependence of the duration of interphase periods was carried out by methods of correlation and regression analysis, changes in the duration of periods by calculating the coefficient of variation. For analysis, we used the results of long-term field observations (2014–2019) over the time of the onset of phenological phases in spring wheat varieties of the mid-ripe group in the Ural steppe, as well as published data of Davlekanovskiy GSU of the Republic of Bashkortostan for 1993–2016. An increase in temperature during all periods of vegetation accelerates the growth and development of plants, an increase in rainfall, on the contrary, slows down these processes. The change in hydrothermal conditions most strongly affects the duration of tillering – heading and heading – waxy ripeness periods. The coefficient of variation of their duration is 26.9 and 28.7, respectively. With an increase in air temperature by 1°C in the range of 11.3 ... 20.50С, the tillering-heading interfacial period decreases by 0.408 days, and the ripening of spring wheat grain (at a temperature of 10.7 ... 24.2°C) is accelerated by 0.424 of the day. An increase in precipitation by 10 mm in the range of 1.0 ... 126.2 mm slows the onset of heading by 0.39 days, waxy ripeness of grain (with a total of 0 ... 131.1 mm) - by 0.40 days. Statistical models of the dependence of the duration of interphase periods of growth and development of spring wheat plants on the amount of precipitation and average daily temperature can be used to predict the calendar dates of the onset of phenological phases and the operational adjustment of technological operations to care for sowing


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Marina Poskrebysheva ◽  
Rafael' Ismagilov

Studies were conducted to study the effect of air temperature and the amount of precipitation on the growth and development of spring wheat plants. Analysis and quantitative description of the dependence of the duration of interphase periods was carried out by methods of correlation and regression analysis, changes in the duration of periods by calculating the coefficient of variation. For analysis, we used the results of long-term field observations (2014–2019) over the time of the onset of phenological phases in spring wheat varieties of the mid-ripe group in the Ural steppe, as well as published data of Davlekanovskiy GSU of the Republic of Bashkortostan for 1993–2016. An increase in temperature during all periods of vegetation accelerates the growth and development of plants, an increase in rainfall, on the contrary, slows down these processes. The change in hydrothermal conditions most strongly affects the duration of tillering – heading and heading – waxy ripeness periods. The coefficient of variation of their duration is 26.9 and 28.7, respectively. With an increase in air temperature by 1°C in the range of 11.3 ... 20.50С, the tillering-heading interfacial period decreases by 0.408 days, and the ripening of spring wheat grain (at a temperature of 10.7 ... 24.2°C) is accelerated by 0.424 of the day. An increase in precipitation by 10 mm in the range of 1.0 ... 126.2 mm slows the onset of heading by 0.39 days, waxy ripeness of grain (with a total of 0 ... 131.1 mm) - by 0.40 days. Statistical models of the dependence of the duration of interphase periods of growth and development of spring wheat plants on the amount of precipitation and average daily temperature can be used to predict the calendar dates of the onset of phenological phases and the operational adjustment of technological operations to care for sowing


10.12737/6547 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Петров ◽  
Sergey Petrov ◽  
Сержанов ◽  
Igor Serzhanov ◽  
Шайхутдинов ◽  
...  

The article presents the results of studies to determine the seeding rate of spring wheat (spelt), depending on the nutrition background in the Kama zone of the Republic of Tatarstan.


2022 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Ш.Р. Арипова ◽  
С.И. Дусмуратова

Изучение кабачка (Cucurbita pepo var. giraumontia) в природно-климатических условиях Узбекистана и совершенствование технологии выращивания семенных плодов – важное направление селекционной работы по обогащению сортимента овощных культур и организации семеноводства этой культуры. Цель исследований: установить оптимальные сроки высева семян и посадки рассады перспективной линии короткоплетистой формы кабачка LZ-2513 при весеннем сроке выращивания на семенные цели. Исследования проводили в 2016 и 2019 годах на экспериментальном участке Научно-исследовательского института овощебахчевых культур и картофеля Республики Узбекистан (Ташкентский район Ташкентской области). Климат региона схож с условиями большинства овощеводческих хозяйств, расположенных в равнинной центральной части Узбекистана. Почвы опытного участка – типичные суглинки, окультуренные, влагоемкие, глубина залегания грунтовых вод – более 6–7 м, количество гумуса в почве – 0,641–0,943%, азота – 0,072–0,121%, фосфора – 0,130–0,171% и калия – 1,627–2,206%. Погодные условия 2016 и 2019 годов были благоприятными для роста и развития кабачка, за исключением засушливого июля и августа, в течение которых недостаток влаги компенсировали поливами. Испытаны четыре весенних срока посева и посадки рассады (в 2016 году – 3 апреля, 12 апреля, 20 апреля и 1 мая; в 2019 году – 1 апреля, 10 апреля, 21 апреля и 30 апреля). Делянки двухрядковые, длиной 10 м, схема размещения (140+70)/2×50 см. Площадь учетной делянки 21,0 м2. На каждой делянке размещались по 40 растений, повторность опыта четырехкратная. Установлено, что в условиях Ташкентской области Узбекистана наибольший выход семян из плодов у линии LZ-2513 был при выращивании кабачка рассадным способом в первой декаде апреля (в начале I и II декады апреля), а при безрассадной культуре – при посеве семян в начале апреля, что связано с наиболее благоприятными температурными условиями для культуры кабачка. The study of squash (Cucurbita pepo var. giraumontia) in the natural and climatic conditions of Uzbekistan and the improvement of the technology of growing seed fruits is an important direction of breeding work is to enrich the assortment of vegetable crops and the organization of seed production of this crop. The purpose of the research: to establish the optimal timing of sowing seeds and planting seedlings of a promising line of short-leafed squash LZ-2513 at the spring period of cultivation for seed purposes. The research was carried out in 2016 and 2019 at the experimental site of the Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable and melon crops and Potato of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Tashkent district of the Tashkent region). The climate of the region is similar to the conditions of most vegetable farms located in the flat central part of Uzbekistan. The soils of the experimental site are typical loams, cultivated, moisture-intensive, the depth of groundwater is more than 6–7 meters, the amount of humus in the soil is 0.641–0.943%, nitrogen – 0.072–0.121%, phosphorus – 0.130–0.171% and potassium – 1.627–2.206%. Weather conditions in 2016 and 2019 were favorable for the growth and development of squash, with the exception of dry July and August, during which the lack of moisture was compensated by watering. 4 spring sowing and planting dates have been tested (in 2016 – April 3, April 12, April 20 and May 1; in 2019 – April 1, April 10, April 21 and April 30). Two-row plots, 10 m long, layout (140+70)/2×50 cm. The area of the accounting plot is 21.0 m2. 40 plants were placed on each plot, the repetition of the experiment was fourfold. It was found that in the conditions of the Tashkent region of Uzbekistan, the highest yield of seeds from fruits of the LZ-2513 line was established when squash was grown by seedling method in the first decade of April (at the beginning of the first and second decade of April), and with seedless culture – when sowing seeds in early April, which is associated with the most favorable temperature conditions for squash culture.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Marat Sabitov ◽  
Sergey Zaharov

Studies to study the effectiveness of various resource-saving models of spring wheat cultivation, which allow forming stable yields with the lowest costs, were carried out in Ulyanovsk region in a stationary field experiment in 2017-2019. The soil of the experimental site is leached chernozem, medium-sized with a humus content of 6.35 %, mobile P2O5 and K2O (according to Chirikov) – 225 and 119 mg/kg, respectively, pHsalt - 6.8, the sum of absorbed bases - 48.6 mg.-eq./100 g. The scheme of the experiment provided for the study of variants of technologies for spring wheat, differing in the main tillage, the number of operations in the technological process against the background of the use of mineral fertilizers and plant protection products: traditional technology-plowing to a depth of 23 ... 25 cm (control); resource-saving technology − non-fall processing at 23 ... 25 cm; minimum technology-without autumn main processing, sowing was carried out on treated stubble in spring. The yield of spring wheat in wet 2017 according to the traditional technology was 4.21 t/ha, according to the resource − saving one – 4.15 t/ha, according to the minimum one-4.12 t/ha, or 0.09 t/ha lower than according to the traditional one. In the dry year of 2018, the yield for the resource – saving technology was 2.72 t/ha, for the traditional one – 2.08 t/ha, for the minimum one – 2.03 t/ha, which is 0.64 and 0.69 t/ha lower than for the resource-saving one. In a moderately dry 2019, according to traditional and resource-saving technologies, the wheat yield was the same-3.39 and 3.40 t/ha, and at the minimum it was lower by 0.14 and 0.15 t/ha. The developed models of resource-saving and minimal agricultural technologies allow to preserve soil fertility, reduce costs by 3.0...5.5%, reduce the cost of grain by 2.5...8.4 %, increase the efficiency and profitability of spring wheat grain production by 65 ... 75%


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