scholarly journals Ensuring of Professional and Ecological Electromagnetic Safety: Problems, State and Solutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Перова ◽  
S. Perova ◽  
Походзей ◽  
L. Pokhodzey ◽  
Пальцев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Health Loss ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
Electromagnetic Pollution ◽  
And Control

Assurance of workers and population’s electromagnetic safety represents a big relevance in connection with the increasing electromagnetic pollution both of in-plant and natural environment and increase with respect thereto in risk of health loss. Implementation of the principles for protection against electromagnetic fields (EMF) can be not always realized in practice by time, distance, and application of collective and individual means of protection. The question of human being’s protection against EMF has a high relevance especially in connection with potential carcinogenicity of some ranges and modes for EMF generation. Relevance of enhancement of hygienic standards and control methods for EMF, especially taking into account determination of values not only for falling energy, but for the absorbed one, has been demonstrated. The developed modern principle for solution of the problem related to adequate assessment of EMF exposition using a combination of numerical and experimental dosimetry methods, and investigational studies on animals has been separately considered.

A summarized review of procedures for the optimization of preliming

2015 ◽  
pp. 280-287
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Rhoten
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Minimum Point ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Filtration Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

Procedures noted herein will result in relatively optimal prelimer control and performance. Through the application of the procedures and control methods noted, it is possible to maintain relatively optimal preliming performance over a relatively wide range of operating conditions and beet quality. Certain severe adverse conditions affecting 1st carbonatation slurry filtration performance may require somewhat higher final preliming alkalinity than indicated by the test for determination of the optimum endpoint. Such conditions may be indicated by an abnormal flattening of the minimum point of the optimum alkalinity determination plot of transmittance difference between filtered and unfiltered sample aliquots.

Ultrastructural changes in sciatic nerve tissue: Effects of passive maternal smoking

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
Amankwah K.S. ◽  
A.D. Weberg ◽  
R.C. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spontaneous Delivery

Previous research has revealed that passive (involuntary inhalation) tobacco smoking during gestation can have adverse effects upon the developing fetus. These prior investigations did not concentrate on changes in fetal morphology. This study was undertaken to delineate fetal neural abnormalities at the ultrastructural level in mice pups exposed in utero to passive maternal smoking.Pregnant study animals, housed in a special chamber, were subjected to cigarette smoke daily from conception until delivery. Blood tests for determination of carbon monoxide levels were run at 15-18 days gestation. Sciatic nerve tissue from experimental and control animals were obtained following spontaneous delivery and fixed in 2.5% gluteraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.3. The samples were post-fixed in osmium ferrocyanide (1:1 mixture of 1.5% aqueous OSO4 and 2.5% K4 Fe(CN)6). Following dehydration, the tissues were infiltrated with and embedded in Spurr. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Convergence in norming and control of modern wireless technologies electromagnetic fields

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 610-613
Author(s):  
Michail Yu. Maslov ◽  
Yuri M. Spodobaev
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Telecommunications Industry ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Wireless Technologies ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Network Technologies ◽  
And Control

Telecommunications industry evolution shows the highest rates of transition to high-tech systems and is accompanied by a trend of deep mutual penetration of technologies - convergence. The dominant telecommunication technologies have become wireless communication systems. The widespread use of modern wireless technologies has led to the saturation of the environment with technological electromagnetic fields and the actualization of the problems of protecting the population from them. This fundamental restructuring has led to a uniform dense placement of radiating fragments of network technologies in the mudflow areas. The changed parameters of the emitted fields became the reason for the revision of the regulatory and methodological support of electromagnetic safety. A fragmented structural, functional and parametric analysis of the problem of protecting the population from the technological fields of network technologies revealed uncertainty in the interpretation of real situations, vulnerability, weakness and groundlessness of the methodological basis of sanitary-hygienic approaches. It is shown that this applies to all stages of the electromagnetic examination of the emitting fragments of network technologies. Distrust arises on the part of specialists and the population in not only the system of sanitary-hygienic control, but also the safety of modern network technologies is being called into question. Growing social tensions and radio phobia are everywhere accompanying the development of wireless communication technologies. The basis for solving almost all problems of protecting the population can be the transfer of subjective methods and means of monitoring and sanitary-hygienic control of electromagnetic fields into the field of IT.

Application of EDS Technique for OSP Film Thickness Measurement

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prong Kongsubto ◽  
Sirarat Kongwudthiti
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Joint Strength ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Ic Manufacturing ◽  
And Control ◽  
Film Thickness Measurement ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Organic solderability preservatives (OSPs) pad is one of the pad finishing technologies where Cu pad is coated with a thin film of an organic material to protect Cu from oxidation during storage and many processes in IC manufacturing. Thickness of OSP film is a critical factor that we have to consider and control in order to achieve desirable joint strength. Until now, no non-destructive technique has been proposed to measure OSP thickness on substrate. This paper reports about the development of EDS technique for estimating OSP thickness, starting with determination of the EDS parameter followed by establishing the correlation between C/Cu ratio and OSP thickness and, finally, evaluating the accuracy of the EDS technique for OSP thickness measurement. EDS quantitative analysis was proved that it can be utilized for OSP thickness estimation.

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