scholarly journals Efficiency Increase Method оf Biological Treatment оf Optical Mechanics Production Sewage

10.12737/215 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-72
Author(s):  
Сироткин ◽  
A. Sirotkin ◽  
Суслова ◽  
S. Suslova ◽  
Хузяшева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Active Substances

Laboratory results of biological sewage treatment from ions of heavy metals and synthetic surface-active substances are discussed in this article. The data on dependence of cleared sewage’s qualitative and quantitative composition from the mixture sequence of sewage’s separate streams are obtained as a result of researches. Results on research of specific adsorption of metals by activated sludge biomass are presented. The estimated prevented ecological damage from dumping of polluting impurity to the river is calculated.

scholarly journals Fractal analysis of biological wastewater treatment efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 06005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazira Dzhumagulova ◽  
Ilya Svetkov ◽  
Vladimir Smetanin ◽  
Nguyen Dinh Dap
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Biological Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Biological Methods

The purpose of the present research was to enhance the efficiency of biological wastewater treatment through the direct impact on the metabolism of activated sludge. In the course of research, species and quantitative composition of biological community of activated sludge in aeration tanks during wastewater purification process was studied. Comparative analysis was carried out for linen production wastewater and household sewage. Possible application of biological treatment in linen production was evaluated. Proposals were developed on creation of controllable biological treatment facility. In this paper, biological methods are shown to be efficient for household sewage treatment. Comparative analysis was carried out for linen production wastewater and household sewage. Possible application of biological treatment in linen production was evaluated. Proposals were developed on creation of controllable biological treatment facility.

scholarly journals Microalgae as biological treatment for municipal wastewater – effects on the sludge handling in a treatment plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 644-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Olsson ◽  
S. Schwede ◽  
E. Nehrenheim ◽  
E. Thorin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Thermophilic Conditions ◽  
Mesophilic Conditions

Abstract A mix of microalgae and bacteria was cultivated on pre-sedimented municipal wastewater in a continuous operated microalgae-activated sludge process. The excess material from the process was co-digested with primary sludge in mesophilic and thermophilic conditions in semi-continuous mode (5 L digesters). Two reference digesters (5 L digesters) fed with waste-activated sludge (WAS) and primary sludge were operated in parallel. The methane yield was slightly reduced (≈10%) when the microalgal-bacterial substrate was used in place of the WAS in thermophilic conditions, but remained approximately similar in mesophilic conditions. The uptake of heavy metals was higher with the microalgal-bacterial substrate in comparison to the WAS, which resulted in higher levels of heavy metals in the digestates. The addition of microalgal-bacterial substrate enhanced the dewaterability in thermophilic conditions. Finally, excess heat can be recovered in both mesophilic and thermophilic conditions.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF HEAVY METAL COMPOSITIONS AND PHOSPHATES IN POLYMER SUBSTANCES OF THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE BIOMASS

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
A. M. Dregulo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Organic Fractions

Introduction. Heavy metals discharged with wastewater can lead to a toxic effect on the microbiocenosis of activated sludge and significantly decrease the degree of wastewater treatment, which dictates the need for a more detailed study and search for ways to detoxify activated sludge at the recycling stage and, at the same time, solve the problems of the neutralization of sewage sludge for safe soil disposal. To ensure the adequacy of the approach to the choice of the methodology for the neutralization of sludge, including sewage sludge, it is necessary to perform compositional analysis of their organic fractions and heavy metal compositions. Methods. To determine the quantitative content of organic components in activated sludge, a sample of sludge was dried to an air-dry state and then subjected to separation into fractions using a method based on the different solubility of compounds with the use of different solvents. Then, extractants were added step by step to the weighted samples of sewage sludge weighing about 2 g each (in a volume 20 times greater than the weight of the weighted sample (40 ml)). Results. The results of the study show that polysaccharides are the dominant form of the organic fraction (polymers) in sewage sludge. Most heavy metals were identified in acidic polysaccharides, humic-like acids and lipids. Significant concentrations of phosphates were observed for the same components of polymer substances in the biomass of activated sludges. Conclusion. The products of extraction of polymer substances of the activated sludge biomass and the content of heavy metals in them may indicate the biosorption of heavy metals by zoogleal accumulations (having a polysaccharide structure) of activated sludges in aeration tanks during biological treatment. Therefore, extracellular biopolymers can be a “target” in the development of targeted technologies for the neutralization of activated sludges.

scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics of cadmium and plumbum in the Turia and Pripyat rivers

2020 ◽  
pp. 540-546
Author(s):  
Halyna Humeniuk ◽  
Olena Voloshyn ◽  
Volodymyr Voloshyn
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
High Level

The anthropogenic pressure on aquatic ecosystems leads to a significant transformation of their quantitative and qualitative composition. Many rivers of Ukraine are polluted. The object of research was the surface waters of the rivers Pripyat and Turiya (Volyn region, Ukraine). Analysis of the qualitative and quantitative composition of toxicants (Cd, Pb) showed that the waters of the rivers have high level of pollution. A negative phenomenon in the studied reservoirs is a significant excess of concentrations of heavy metals: lead in 118 times and cadmium in 110 times in August.

Occurrence of benzothiazoles in municipal wastewater and their fate in biological treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kloepfer ◽  
R. Gnirss ◽  
M. Jekel ◽  
T. Reemtsma
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
The Individual

A number of 2-substituted benzothiazoles that are known to be used as fungicides, corrosion inhibitors and vulcanization accelerators in industry have been analyzed in municipal wastewater and the effluents of activated sludge and membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment over a three month period. All six analytes were regularly detected in the municipal wastewater by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and amount to a total concentration of 3.4 μg/L. Of these compounds benzothiazole-2-sulfonic acid (1,700 ng/L), benzothiazole (850 ng/L) and 2-hydroxybenzothiazole (500 ng/L) were most prominent. The source of the benzothiazole emission is yet unknown. Activated sludge treatment did not reduce total benzothiazole concentration significantly. Removals of the individual compounds ranged from 90% for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and 70% for hydroxybenzothiazole to 40% for benzothiazole. The concentration of benzothiazole-2-sulfonic acid increased by 20%, whereas 2-methylthiobenzothiazole increased by 160% during activated sludge treatment, likely due to the methylation of mercaptobenzothiazole. Total benzothiazole removal in two parallely operated MBRs was significantly better (43%) than in the conventional activated sludge treatment. Namely benzothiazole and benzothiazole-2-sulfonic acid were more effectively removed. This first systematic study on the occurrence of benzothiazoles in municipal wastewater has shown that this is a relevant class of trace contaminants in municipal wastewater which is only incompletely removed in biological wastewater treatment. Emission from sewage treatment is dominated by the most polar benzothiazole-2-sulfonic acid. MBR treatment may reduce but cannot avoid this emission.

scholarly journals Bacterial microflora isolated from the bark surface of poplars growing in areas where air pollution is very high

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Przybył
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Very High

In the autumn of 1976 bacteria of the genera <i>Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Erwinia</i> and <i>Cellulomonas</i> were isolated from the bark surface of poplars growing in protective belts around several industrial plants. It was found that the qualitative and quantitative composition of the surface bacterial microflora changes in dependence on the degree of resistance of the poplars to the action of the dust emitted by the industrial establishment and containing high amounts of heavy metals.

Experimental Research on Protein Extraction from Excess Activated Sludge by Papain Hydrolysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 3367-3370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Feng Zhang ◽  
Rui Jing Su ◽  
Guang Lin Guo ◽  
Deng Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Hydrolysis Time

The excess activated sludge from the Shanghai Qingpu sewage treatment plant was hydrolyzed by papain hydrolysis to extract protein. The results showed that the conditions of optimal papain hydrolysis process are described as follows: enzyme/substrate 6%, pH 6.5, the ratio of liquid to solid 4:1, hydrolysis time 5.5h and hydrolysis temperature 55 °C. On this basis, the contents of heavy metals and some kinds of amino acid from the extracts, while security and nutrition were taken into consideration, were determined. The results showed that the contents of heavy metals were lower, living up to the Health Standard for Animal Feed (China), and some kinds of amino acid were essential for animal growth in the extracts. So it was possible to take the extracts as animal feed additives.

scholarly journals Effects of co-formulants on the absorption and secretion of active substances in plant protection products in vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mawien Karaca ◽  
Benjamin Christian Fischer ◽  
Christian Tobias Willenbockel ◽  
Tewes Tralau ◽  
Philip Marx-Stoelting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Anisotropy ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Mixture Effects ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Do So

AbstractCurrently, the authorisation process for plant protection products (PPPs) relies on the testing of acute and topological toxicity only. Contrastingly, the evaluation of active substances includes a more comprehensive set of toxicity studies. Nevertheless, mixture effects of active ingredients and co-formulants may result in increased toxicity. Therefore, we investigated effects of surface active co-formulants on the toxicity of two PPPs focussing on qualitative and quantitative toxicokinetic effects on absorption and secretion. The respective products are based on the active substances abamectin and fluroxypyr-meptyl and were tested for cytotoxicity in the presence or absence of the corresponding surfactants and co-formulants using Caco-2 cells. In addition, the effect of co-formulants on increased cellular permeation was quantified using LC–MS/MS, while potential kinetic mixture effects were addressed by fluorescence anisotropy measurements and ATPase assays. The results show that surface active co-formulants significantly increase the cytotoxicity of the investigated PPPs, leading to more than additive mixture effects. Moreover, analytical investigations show higher efflux ratios of both active substances and the metabolite fluroxypyr upon combination with certain concentrations of the surfactants. The results further point to a significant and concentration-dependent inhibition of Pgp transporters by most of the surfactants as well as to increased membrane fluidity. Altogether, these findings strongly support the hypothesis that surfactants contribute to increased cytotoxicity of PPPs and do so by increasing the bioavailability of the respective active substances.

scholarly journals The effect of contamination of soil by heavy metals on qualitative and quantitative composition of fungi in the rhizosphere of some forest trees

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Stefan Kowalski ◽  
Hanna Stępniewska ◽  
Zbigniew Krzan ◽  
Kazimierz Januszek
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

The effect of heavy metals in soils on the formation of fungal communities in the rhizosphere of different forest tree species was studied. Soil samples for heavy metal contamination tests and root samples for the determination of rhizospheric fungi were taken from the same root zone. The reduction of the quantitative as well as qualitative composition of fungi in the rhizosphere of individual tree species clearly correlated with the increase of soil contamination by Pb, Zn, end Cd. The following groups of fungi were distinguished: tolerant, very susceptible and relatively resistant to contamination of soil by heavy metals. Moreover a great influence of tree species on the qualitative and quantitative composition of fungi in the rhizosphere was demonstrated.

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