CEPHUS PYGMAEUS INFLUENCE FOR SOFT WINTER WHEAT ELEMENTS YIELD IN THE FOREST SAMARA REGION

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Лысиков ◽  
Pavel Lysikov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Meso Form ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The purpose of the study is to reduce yield loss of winter wheat crops infested with stem borer. The studies were conducted in the forest of the Samara region in the vicinity of st. Ust-Kinelsky in 2011, 2012 and 2014. in the fields of the Povolzsje Science Research Institute of selection and seeds production of P. N. Konstantinov with the meso form of the relief at the landscape profile length of about 8 m to 4 varieties of soft winter wheat: Povolgskaya 86, Kinelskay 8, Kinelskay 4 and Konstantinovskaya (Erythrospermum). The damage of productive stalks of wheat sawfly larvae was 0.5-1.2%, peaking at an average of weather conditions in 2012, the minimum – in a relatively arid 2014 and depended on the plant population, sawflies favored more sparse crops with a correlation coefficient In 2011, 2012 –0,472- –0.480, –0.734 – in 2014. Under the influence of the sawfly larvae damaged ear stem length was reduced by no more than 5.2, the number of grains per ear – 14.4, the weight of grain in the ear – 14.4, weight of 1000 seeds – 15,2%. The largest decrease in the length of the spike observed in average weather conditions for 2012, the number and grains weight per ear – in a wet 2011, the mass of 1000 grains – in the dry 2014 from wet to dry years, the harmfulness of the sawfly increased from an average to the bottom of the slope. The smallest decrease in all indicators of productivity observed in the upper part of the slope. The number of adults cephus pygmaeus in all parts of the slopes were almost equally low (0.2-0.4 ind./100 net sweeps). The cephus pygmaeus loss of of wheat grain productivity were minor and were 3-35 kg/h.

scholarly journals Sugar accumulation in winter wheat crops depending on the sowing dates

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
S. I. Anosov ◽  
A. S. Surnachev ◽  
K. K. Musinov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Growing Conditions

The object of the research was to study the influence of sowing dates on sugar accumulation in different varieties of soft winter wheat. Less winterhardy variety of soft winter wheat Novosibirskaya 2 was compared with more winter-hardy ones Novosibirskaya 3, Novosibirskaya 40 and Krasnoobskaya ozimaya. The research was carried out in 2016-2018 inthe established experimental plot in the foreststeppe of Priobye, theObregion. The predecessor was bare fallow. The planting dates were August 20, September 1, September 10. Weather conditions of the autumn growing season, during which the accumulation of sugars occurs, differed significantly depending on the year of study and the sowing dates. The warmest conditions were in 2018, whereas the coolest – in 2017. The amount of accumulated sugars varied depending on the growing conditions and genotypic characteristics of varieties. The highest amount of sugars was accumulated by all varieties during the third term of planting, the lowest amount – during the second term. Lower air temperatures contributed to the increase in the amount of sugars, even when the duration of their accumulation period was shortened, which can be explained by a change in carbohydrate balance in crops when the accumulation of sugars is greater than their consumption for crop respiration. The genotype plays an important role in the carbohydrate metabolism of plants. In more winter-hardy varieties (Novosibirskaya 40, Novosibirskaya 3), the change in the amount of accumulated sugars in contrasting conditions ranged insignificantly (the coefficient of variation was 9.1 and 8.7%, respectively). At the same time, plants of the less winter-hardy variety of Novosibirskaya 2 showed a significantly greater variation in the sugar content under similar conditions (the coefficient of variation 24.7%). Cooler conditions of a later term of sowing contributed to the greatest amount of accumulated sugars. Varietal differences also determined changes in carbohydrate balance.

scholarly journals Формування продуктивності колоса рослин пшениці озимої залежно від строку сівби та норми висіву

2016 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
А. О. Рожков ◽  
М. А. Бобро ◽  
Т. В. Рижик
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
The Impact

У статті представлені результати досліджень, проведених протягом 2007–2009, 2014 рр. на дослідному полі ХНАУ ім. В. В. Докучаєва щодо впливу застосування різних строків сівби та норм висіву на варіабельність показників продуктивності колоса різних систем стебел пшениці м’якої озимої сорту Астет. Формування вищих показників продуктивності колоса головної і бічної системи стебел у середньому за роками досліджень забезпечувала сівба 15–17 вересня з нормою висіву 5,0 млн нас./га. Ефективність чинника норми висіву за роками досліджень була більш сталою порівняно зі строками проведення сівби, вплив яких значно залежав від погодних умов веґетаційного періоду конкретного року досліджень. The article presents the results of studies conducted during 2007–2009, 2014 in the experimental field of HNAU named after V. V. Dokuchayev regarding the impact of the application of different sowing date and seeding rates on the variability of  ear productivity indicators of different systems of soft winter wheat stalks of variety Astet. Formation of the highest levels of ear productivity of main and side stems of the average for the year of studies was provided on 15–17 September with the sowing seed rate 5,0 million grains/ha. The effectiveness of the seeding rate by years of research was more stable compared to the timing of sowing, the impact of which is significantly dependent on the weather conditions of the growing season of a particular year.

scholarly journals Yield Loss Caused by Bacterial Streak in Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Tillman ◽  
W. S. Kursell ◽  
S. A. Harrison ◽  
J. S. Russin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Field Plots

The relationship between severity of bacterial streak and yield in winter wheat was studied in field plots and using a single-tiller method. Regression analysis from single-tiller studies showed that the grain weight per spike decreased as bacterial streak severity increased in cvs. Florida 304 and Savannah. The number of kernels per spike decreased as bacterial streak severity increased in Savannah but not in Florida 304. There was no difference in slope of the regression line between different years, locations, or cultivars for grain weight per spike. However, grain weight per spike at 0% bacterial streak (intercept) was different for different years, locations, and cultivars. The average reduction in grain weight per spike was 0.012 g for every 1% increase in bacterial streak severity. Using this relationship for cv. Savannah, average bacterial streak severity of 10% would result in about a 9% reduction in the grain weight per spike. In Florida 304, bacterial streak severity of 10% would result in about a 7% reduction in the grain weight per spike. During 1993-94, the largest difference in bacterial streak severity between inoculated and noninoculated plots was 4% in cv. Pioneer 2548, and the smallest difference was less than 1% in cvs. Terral 101 and Florida 304. There were no yield differences between inoculated and noninoculated treatments for any genotype. In field plot studies at two locations during 1989-90, bacterial streak severity did not differ between inoculated and noninoculated plots in Alexandria, Louisiana; but in Winnsboro, Louisiana, bacterial streak severity was 18 to 40% in inoculated plots and less than 5% in noninoculated plots. Differences in yield between inoculated and noninoculated plots ranged from 1,370 kg/ha (24% loss) to -121 kg/ha in Winns-boro. During the three seasons in which these studies were conducted, bacterial streak severity averaged about 10% or less in susceptible cultivars in all experiments except one. Based on the relationships derived from single-tiller studies, this suggests that yield loss is likely to be low most years. As indicated by the experiment in Winnsboro, however, more severe yield reductions could occur in a susceptible cultivar if weather conditions are favorable for disease development.

scholarly journals Dependence of grain productivity of the main shoot ear on the stem dry matter weight in varieties of winter wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
O. V. Zborivska ◽  
G. O. Priadkina ◽  
O. G. Sokolovska-Sergienko ◽  
N. M. Makharinska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Flowering Phase ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Growing Conditions

Aim. Estimation of the mass of dry matter of the stem of the main shoots of different varieties of winter wheat in the phases of flowering and full ripeness as a criterion for the grain productivity of its ear in years with different meteorological conditions. Methods. Field, morphometric, mathematical and statistical. Results. The mass of dry matter of the stem of the main shoots of winter wheat varieties was studied in years that differed significantly in weather conditions in the flowering phase and at full grain maturity. It was established that the mass of dry matter of the stem of the main shoot at the flowering and the full grain maturity varied significantly, respectively 0.6–1.2 g and 0.5–1.0 g in 2014, and 1.0–2.0 g and 0.8–1.5 g in 2016 depending on the variety, and under different growing conditions. Limits of variation of grain yield of the ear in 2014, ranged from 0.9 to 2.2 g and from 1.5 to 2.5 g in 2016. It was established that at the flowering, the correlation between the mass of grain from the head and the mass of the dry substance of the stem was significant at 99 % probability under growing conditions (r = 0.8–0.9). Conclusions. It is shown that grain productivity of main shoot in winter wheat is related to the ability of its stem to store assimilates during the vegetative period. It was established that the mass of the dry matter of the stem of the main shoots in the flowering phase can serve as a criterion for assessing its grain productivity. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., mass of stem, grain yield.

scholarly journals ВИВЧЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ БІОПРЕПАРАТІВ ЗА РІЗНИХ НОРМ ВНЕСЕННЯ НА ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ В УМОВАХ ПІВНІЧНОГО СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Чугрій Г. А. ◽  
Вінюков О. О. ◽  
Гирка А. Д.
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Required Quality ◽  
Secondary Roots

The article investigated the effect of biological products for different application rates on the productivity of winter wheat in the northern steppes of Ukraine. The technology of growing winter wheat has been determined, which is based on optimizing a huge number of different conditions that affect the formation of high grain productivity of the required quality. Growing technologies pay great attention to sowing dates, which directly affect not only the quantity and quality of the crop, but also the formation of plant resistance to many adverse factors. The weather conditions on which the studies were conducted are analyzed. The biometric indicators of winter wheat plants were revealed, namely: tillering coefficient, coefficient of secondary roots, number of grains in an ear, weight of a thousand seeds. The yield of winter wheat was determined depending on the proposed experimental design.

scholarly journals Canopy assimilation surface and yield of winter wheat varieties under atypical weather conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
V. V. Morgun ◽  
G. O. Pryadkina ◽  
O. O. Stasik ◽  
O. V. Zborivska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. Comparative analysis of the traits of the assimilation surface of winter wheat varieties under unfavorable environmental conditions to evaluate its adaptive capacity. Methods. Morphometric, spectrophotometric, statistical. Results. In the field experiments under natural conditions (close to optimal in spring, arid - during the grain filling period and prolonged rainfall during a harvest), the variability of leaves chlorophyll content, the green leaves fresh matter per 1 m2 of ground and chlorophyll index in 10 modern middle-early varieties at anthesis and milky-wax ripeness were studied. Under such conditions, the difference in grain productivity between the highest and the lowest yielding varieties was about 1.6 t/ha. Positive correlation of grain productivity of winter wheat varieties with chlorophyll area index of leaves at milky-wax ripeness (r = 0.61) was established. Conclusions. It was found that the varieties with better adaptation to drought conditions during the period of grain filling had a higher area of assimilation surface at anthesis and milky-wax ripeness. Therefore, their higher yield was related to the higher photosynthetic capacity and the ability to storage and remobilization of carbohydrates deposited in the stem as well as to the efficiency of converting total biomass into grain yield (HI). Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., grain productivity, chlorophyll area index of leaves.

scholarly journals Features of accumulation and consumption of soluble carbohydrates by plants of soft winter wheat varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
O. M. Drumova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The results of three-year research (2016–2019) conducted in the fields of the State Enterprise Experimental Farm "Dnipro" of the SЕ Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine with soft winter wheat was presented. The soft winter wheat was placed on black fallow (on background of N30P60K30) and after sunflower (on background of N60P60K60). It was found that winter wheat plants had a not the same ability to accumulate soluble carbohydrates in years with different weather conditions. The analysis of plant samples showed that the largest number of these substances had synthesized in the autumn 2017. It was found that in the plots with black fallow during the period from November 20, 2017 to January 10, 2018, the amount of soluble carbohydrates (total amount of mono- and disaccharides) in the tillering nodes of winter wheat plants of Uzhynok variety decreased from 41.2 % to 34.7 % (by 6.5 %), Nyva Odeska variety – from 43.9 % to 32.7 % (by 11.2 %), Kokhanka variety – from 45.0 % to 42.6 % (only by 2.4 %). From January 10 until the resumption of spring vegetation, the carbohydrates were consumed most intensively by plants of the Uzhynok and Kokhanka varieties. It was found that despite the lower doses of mineral fertilizers applied to presowing cultivation, winter wheat plants accumulated more soluble carbohydrates in all years after black fallow than after sunflower. On average for three years of research, the highest consumption of sugars during the winter both in leaves and in tillering nodes, regardless of the forecrop, was observed in plants of the Uzhynok variety. It was found that the winter wheat plants of Kokhanka variety consumed soluble carbohydrates more economically than the Uzhynok and Nyva Odeska varieties, and grew more intensively in early spring. The content of sugars in the tillering nodes of Kokhanka variety during resumption of spring vegetation was 28.4 % for black fallow and 25.9 % after non-fallow forecrop. Key words: winter wheat, variety, soluble carbohydrates, forecrop, background of nutrition.

Scentless chamomile (Matricaria perforata Mérat) interference in winter wheat

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1383-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Douglas ◽  
A. G. Thomas ◽  
D. P. Peschken ◽  
G. G. Bowes ◽  
D. A. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Winter Annuals ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Experimental Plots

The effect of summer and winter annual scentless chamomile (Matricaria perforata Mérat) on the grain yield of winter wheat was investigated for 3 yr in experimental plots. Summer annuals only affected yield in a year with much greater than normal precipitation. Under near-normal weather conditions, winter annuals reduced yield. Yield reductions due to interference from either summer annual or winter annual scentless chamomile were not detected in a year marked by hot and dry conditions.Key words: Scentless chamomile, Matricaria perforata, winter wheat, weed interference, yield loss

CEPHUS PYGMAEUS INFLUENCE FOR WINTER WHEAT GRAIN DAMAGED BY HAPLOTHRIPS TRITICI AND EURYGASTER INTEGRICEPS, DEPENDING ON YEAR CLIMATE, VARIETY AND SURFACE MEZOFORMS IN THE SAMARA REGION FORESTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Лысиков ◽  
Pavel Lysikov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Degree Of Deformation ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Eurygaster Integriceps ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The purpose of research is the reduction of wheat grain damage and bugs. Investigations were carried out by mezoform of the relief at the surfase profile length of about 8 km in soft winter wheat crops four grades: without a trace – Volga 86, Kinelsky 8, spinous – Kinel 4 and Konstantinovskaya. The damage of the grain of wheat thrips and chinch in the ears of the sawfly larvae from damaged and undamaged stems established under a microscope MBS-10 as described in V. I. Tanskiy. According to the degree of deformation grooves grain wheat thrips larvae distinguished three degrees of damage: mild, moderate and severe. From one field for the analysis was taken 200 grains damaged and non-damaged shoots. Grain damage thrips larvae and integricepsur chinch were led away from dry to wet years. In the wet 2011 damage of wheat thrips ears on stalks, damaged and undamaged sawfly did not differ significantly, but on average in 2012 and moistened arid 2014 it increased 11-31%. The damage of wheat grain chinch shoots with damaged sawfly in 2011 and 2012. It was significantly higher than with intact in arid 2014 it was lower. Grain damage thrips decreased by 42-47% on top of the slope to 26-30% - on the bottom. The smallest grain damage thrips was in grade Povolzskay 86. All varieties of the number of damaged grain pests was higher in the ear on the sawfly larvae intact stems.

scholarly journals Assessment of soft winter wheat breeding numbers adaptability by the number of grains in the spike

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
M. Lozinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Adaptability Parameters

In 2011-2017, the competitive testing breeding units of soft winter wheat selected at the Bila Tserkva Research Selection Station of the Institute of Bioenergetic Crops and Sugar Beet of NAAS by hybridizing various ecotypes were examined. The aim of the research was to determine the reaction norm and parameters of adaptability by the number of grains in the spike ear under changing growing environment in selection winter wheat numbers. Of equal importance was to establish the correlation of the ear grain productivity and the yield structure elements. Hydrothermal conditions in the research years were contrasting and significantly influenced the growth and development of wheat plants during ontogenesis. The research revealed a direct correlation between the number of grains in the spike and the grain yield leveled as a strong one (r = 0.702 ... 0.866) in 2011 and 2012 and as a significant (r = 0.668) in the most unfavorable 2013. The reduced correlation relationships are indicative of the extremely important importance of the grain production in the spike in soft winter wheat yield formation under conditions of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine. We have established a direct close correlation between the number of grains in the spike and the number of grains in the crop, between the head ear grain weight and the crop weight, crop aboveground weight, main stem weight and the spike weight. On average for three years, breeding numbers 24 KS (42.6 pcs.) and 54 KS (40.7 pcs.) had significantly higher grain yields in the spike than that of is the best standard of Bila Tserkva semidwarf (35.6 pcs) . On average for the experiment coefficient of variation (13.9 %), its variability was 1.0–28.7 %, indicating a different reaction of the tested genotypes to the environmental conditions by the number of grains from the spike. Insignificant variation of the spike grain productivity (0.6–4.9 pcs) and low variation coefficients (V = 1.0–6.6 %) are indicated in the selection numbers 26 KS, 22 KS and 42 KS. In this case, genotypes 22 KS and 42 KS had higher than the standard and average for the experiment number of grains in the spike. The results of the dispersion analysis indicate that the interaction of genotype and the year conditions factors had the greatest impact (53.96 %) on the variability of grains number in the spike. At the same time, the share of variability predermined by the genotype influenced the spike grains formation by 31.02 %, and the conditions of the year influenced only by 7.90 %. Indicator of homeostatic standards (Hom = 158.97-347.13) exceeded the three breeding numbers: 26 KS (Hom = 2972.19), 22 KS (Hom = 724.23) and 42 KS (Hom = 558.67). By the breeding value the standards (Sc = 21.83–27.94) were dominated by the following: 22 KS (Sc = 34.27), 42 KS (Sc = 32.49), 54 KS (Sc = 32.20), 24 KS (Sc = 30.62), 26 KS (Sc = 29.54), 8 KS (Sc = 28.76) and 29 KS (Sc = 28.26). High indicators of ZAZ by the number of grains from the spike as compared with the standards (ZAZ = 52.46) were typical of the following breeding numbers 24 KS (ZAZ = 67.99), 54 KS (ZAZ = 58.29), 22 KS (ZAZ = 54.69), 44 KS (ZAZ = 53.99) and 42 KS (ZAZ = 52.86). The genotype breeding value indicator by the number of grains in the spike, exceeded the standard variety of the Forest-steppe Pearl (GBV = 22,10) for their breeding value: numbers 22 KS (GBV = 31.44), 26 KS (GBV = 29.00), 42 KS (GBV = 28.60) and 54 KSCOP (GBV = 22.69). The breeding number 22 KS (steppe ecotype / US) is the first in the variety adaptability rate. Breeding numbers 42 KS, 54 KS and 24 KS, which optimally combined indicators of the grains number in the spike and adaptability parameters rate from the second to fourth in the varieties adaptability rate. Conclusions and further research prospects. 1. Grains number in the spike has a significant impact on the winter wheat spike productivity formation under conditions of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine. 2. Detection of correlation between quantitative signs engaged in yields formation enables to set the model parameters for further genotypes in future varieties. 3. The dispersion analysis has established that the variability of the grains number in the spike was mostly conditioned (53.96 %) by the interaction of factors of the genotype and the year conditions. At the same time, the share of variability predetermined by the genotype was 31.02 %, and the effect of the year was only 7.90 %. 4. Breeding numbers 22 KS (steppe ecotype / USA), 42 KS (steppe ecotype / forest-steppe ecotype) and 54 KS (forest-steppe ecotype / forest-steppe ecotype) hold high positions in the variety adaptability rate by the grains number in the spike. We included the soft winter wheat breeding numbers 22 KS, 42 KS and 54 KS with the optimal combination of the grains number in the spike and the parameters of plasticity and stability, allocated on the basis of the research results into further selective work for setting the source material and varieties with a high level of productivity and adaptability to the conditions of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Key words: soft winter wheat, breeding numbers, ecotypes, number of grains, spike, correlation relationships, adaptability parameters, adaptation rating.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document