COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR VEHICLES

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Лемешева ◽  
E. Lemesheva ◽  
Кочегаров ◽  
D. Kochegarov ◽  
Тихомиров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Motor Fuels ◽  
Harmful Substances

The growing demand for alternative motor fuels is dictated by aggravating energy and environmental problems. In article the analysis about possibility of use of alternative types of fuel for vehicles is carried out. Application of suitable alternative types of fuel will allow to improve in the future an economic and ecological situation in the country. Alternative fuel has to conform to the following requirements: to have necessary raw material resources, low cost, not to worsen operation of the engine, it is as little as possible to throw out harmful substances, whenever possible to be combined with the developed system of supply with fuel, etc. It is shown that natural gas and fuels derived from vegetable oils are most economical to use

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Nitrite from Brackishwater Using Lignocellulosic Agricultural Waste – Bagasse

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
KISHORE K. KRISHNANI ◽  
V. PARIMALA ◽  
B.P. GUPTA ◽  
I.S. AZAD ◽  
M.S. SHEKHAR
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Nitrite Removal ◽  
Sugar Mills ◽  
Aquaculture Water

Bagasse is a complex native lignocellulosic agricultural waste left after extraction of juice from sugar cane in sugar mills. Bagasse is commonly used as a captive boiler fuel aside from its minor use as a raw material in the paper industry and in low-value products. There remains an ever present need to convert this material to useful value added products, which is an objective of our continued research. The aim of the present study is to investigate four different materials prepared from bagasse for the removal of nitrite from shrimp farm brackishwater (salinity 27±1 ppt) in laboratory condition. The experimental results showed that nitrite removal is effective using bagasse materials with the dose of 1 and 3 g•L-1. Raw bagasse fiber was found to be most effective followed by dried bagasse powder, which can be attributed to the rapid increase in bacterial counts and periphytic growth combined with ion exchange mechanism. Effect of bagasse materials on other water characteristics such as pH, salinity, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia and phosphates has also been studied. The very low cost of lignocellulosic materials is a real advantage that renders it as a suitable alternative for the remediation of nitrite from aquaculture water.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EMISSIONS OF HARMFUL SUBSTANCES IN USING ALTERNATIVE TO NATURAL GAS BIOFUELS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
O. Levytska ◽  
O. Sichevii
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
First Time ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

Feature of the topic and problem statement. The paper presents for the first time a comparative characteristic of emissions of harmful substances from the combustion of traditional fuels (natural gas) and biomass in fuel furnaces of boilers and recommended for the use the most environmentally efficient fuels. Comparative characteristics of emissions of harmful substances during the combustion of various types of fuel allows to determine the optimal type of fuel in the construction and commission of a new power plants, and also adds up-to-date information that will be useful in the scientific and scientific-popular discussions that are widespread today regarding the exhaustion and replacement of non-renewable energy sources, the safety of alternative fuels and their advantages in comparison with non-renewable ones. The purpose of the work is determining of the amount of emissions of harmful substsnces entering the environment during the combustion of natural gas and solid alternative fuels - wood waste, straw, flax straw and sunflower husk, their comparison, justification of calculation of the carbon content in the fuel of a given chemical composition. Findings. During the comparative analysis, high values for the carbon dioxide emissions for all the materials were considered. It is also noted that there are no emissions of suspended solid particles and sulfur diоxide during the combustion of natural gas and it is determined that at its combustion, methane emissions will be the smallest. In as-sessing the level of safety when using unrenewable and alternative fuels, the higher content of methane, dinitrogen oxide and unmethane volatile organic compounds and the lower content of nitrogen oxide, carbon dioxide in emissions from combustion of alternative fuels compared to emissions at combustion of unrenewable fuels were determined during the calculations. When burning natural gas there is mercury in small amounts in the emissions. Originality. The paper presents for the first time a comparative characteristic of emissions of harmful substances from the combustion of traditional fuels (natural gas and fuel oil) and biomass in fuel furnaces of boilers and recommended for the use the most environmentally efficient fuels. When making calculation works the following regularities are defined. In unrenewable and alternative fuels, a higher proportion of carbon passes into carbon dioxide emission and less to carbon oxide emission, while proportion of carbon in carbon dioxide emission is higher in unrenewable fuels. In addition, in unre-newable and alternative fuels, a large proportion of nitrogen is converted into nitrogen oxide emission, and less in emission of dinitrogen oxide, while the proportion of nitrogen in the emission of nitrogen oxide is also higher in unrenewable fuels. The paper defines a formula for calculating the carbon content in natural gas from the Central Asia-Center gas pipeline. The provided calculations and the introduction of simplified formulas serve as an example for the calculation of emis-sion factors and emissions in assessing the level of safety of existing equipment and can be used in the development of permit documents of enterprises that carry out emissions of harmful substances to the environment.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study Of Local Catalyst For Low Cost Methanol Synthesis As Subsequence Process Of A Model System Of Biomass Fluidized Bed Catalytic Gasification

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 02035
Author(s):  
Joni Prasetyo ◽  
Nurdiah Rahmawati ◽  
Galuh Wirama Murti ◽  
S.D. Sumbogo Murti ◽  
Tyas Puspitarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Methanol Synthesis ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Catalytic Gasification ◽  
Harmful Substances

Biomass waste has been emerging as an alternative energy and fuel. Direct combustion of biomass leads to harmful substances such as NOx and CO which are environmentally unfriendly manner. Innovation of clean technologies like gasification would have a potential in developing technology to reduce the emissions of harmful substances into the environment. The syngas of biomass gasification is an intermediate product which can be converted further to various types of alternative fuels especially methanol. Agency for the Assessment and application of Technology (BBPT)-Indonesia in cooperation with Gunma University-Japan has been conducting assessment and application of environmentally friendly solid biomass wastes utilization technology under the SATREPS (Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development) program. This work is a prolongation of biomass gasification process from empty fruit bunches (EFB) to produce syngas. Furthermore, the syngas has a potential as raw material to synthesize methanol. The study of methanol synthesis focused on the development of efficient and low-cost catalyst in term of low pressure and low temperature. The catalyst of methanol synthesis was prepared by co-precipitation method with copper basis. The experiments have been performed and tested in a once-through process by Low-Pressure Fixed Bed Reactor in Micromeritics unit at a mild operating condition. The result shows that catalyst CuO: ZnO: Al2O3 (47%: 37%: 15%) has a good performance at 20 bar and 270°C with methanol concentration in the gas product up to 1.15%. On the words, the local catalyst performance comparable with commercial catalysts at low pressure and low temperature.

scholarly journals Effect of Selected Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials on the Cement Clinker Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Július Strigáč
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Blastfurnace Slag

Abstract The article deals with the study of the effects of alternative fuels and raw materials on the cement clinker quality. The clinker quality was expressed by the content of two principal minerals alite C3S and belite C2S. The additions of alternative fuels ashes and raw materials, in principle, always increased the belite content and conversely reduced the amount of alite. The alternative fuels with high ash content were used such as the meat-bone meal, sewage sludge from sewage treatment plants and paper sludge and the used alternative raw materials were metallurgical slags - granulated blastfurnace slag, air cooled blastfurnace slag and demetallized steel slag, fluidized bed combustion fly ash and waste glass. Meat-bone meal, sewage sludge from sewage treatment plants and paper sludge were evaluated as moderately suitable alternative fuels which can be added in the amounts of 2.8 wt. % addition of meat-bone meals ash, 3.64 wt. % addition of sewage sludge ash and 3.8 wt. % addition of paper sludge ash to the cement raw mixture. Demetallised steel slag is suitable for production of special sulphate resistant cement clinker for CEM I –SR cement with addition up to 5 wt. %. Granulated blastfurnace slag is a suitable alternative raw material with addition 4 wt. %. Air cooled blastfurnace slag is a suitable alternative raw material with addition 4.2 wt. %. Waste glass is not very appropriate alternative raw material with addition only 1.16 wt. %. Fluidized bed combustion fly ash appears not to be equally appropriate alternative raw material for cement clinker burning with less potential utilization in the cement industry and with addition 3.41 wt. %, which forms undesired anhydrite CaSO4 in the cement clinker.

THE USE OF BIO RAW MATERIALS INEDIBLE DESTINATION FOR BIOFUELS

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Нечаева ◽  
Yu. Nechaeva ◽  
Васильев ◽  
I. Vasilev
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Edible Products

In the article the directions for alternative fuels from inedible bio raw destination. This eliminates competition between the use of vegetable oils for edible products and for biofuels. Considers non-edible oil purpose, which can be successfully used as a raw material for producing biofuels. This opens the possibility of selective and genetically modified characteristics of the fruit of the plant to produce biofuels with desired properties.

PEAS AND PRODUCTS OF ITS PROCESSING OF - NONCONVENTIONAL RAW MATERIAL RESOURCES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.Y. Bolgova ◽  
◽  
N.A. Tarasenko ◽  
Z.S. Mukhametova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The Rich

Nutrition is an important factor that affects human health. The use of plant proteins as various additives in food production has now been actively developed. The rich chemical composition of pea grains determines the possibility of application in the food industry. Peas are characterized by good assimilability and degree of digestion.

scholarly journals Use of diesel and emulsified diesel in CI engine: A comparative analysis of engine characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042110209
Author(s):  
Zain Ul Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Muhammad Asim ◽  
Ali Hussain Kazim ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Injection Methods ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Ci Engines

Despite a number of efforts to evaluate the utility of water-diesel emulsions (WED) in CI engine to improve its performance and reduce its emissions in search of alternative fuels to combat the higher prices and depleting resources of fossil fuels, no consistent results are available. Additionally, the noise emissions in the case of WED are not thoroughly discussed which motivated this research to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of WED. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were calculated at 1600 rpm within 15%–75% of the load range. Similarly, the contents of NOx, CO, and HC, and level of noise and smoke were measured varying the percentage of water from 2% to 10% gradually for all values of loads. BTE in the case of water emulsified diesel was decreased gradually as the percentage of water increased accompanied by a gradual increase in BSFC. Thus, WED10 showed a maximum 13.08% lower value of BTE while BSFC was increased by 32.28%. However, NOx emissions (21.8%) and smoke (48%) were also reduced significantly in the case of WED10 along with an increase in the emissions of HC and CO and noise. The comparative analysis showed that the emulsified diesel can significantly reduce the emission of NOx and smoke, but it has a negative impact on the performance characteristics and HC, CO, and noise emissions which can be mitigated by trying more fuels variations such as biodiesel and using different water injection methods to decrease dependency on fossil fuels and improve the environmental impacts of CI engines.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Low-Cost GNSS OEM Board K706 AND BX316 (Case Study: Bulusidokare Village Sidoarjo Regency)

2021 ◽  
Vol 731 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
M N Cahyadi ◽  
E Y Handoko ◽  
R Mardiyanto ◽  
I M Anjasmara ◽  
Khomsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Low Cost

scholarly journals Removal of Cadmium(II) from Water using Modified Citrus limettioides Peels: Thermodynamic and Isotherm Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
P. Janaki ◽  
R. Sudha ◽  
T.S. Sribharathi ◽  
P. Anitha ◽  
K. Poornima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Monolayer Adsorption ◽  
Isotherm Equations

The adsorption performance of sulphuric acid treated low cost adsorbent synthesized by using Citrus limettioides peel as an effective raw material for the removal of cadmium(II) from water. The batch adsorption method was carried out to optimize some parameters like contact time, pH and adsorbent dose. The nonlinear isotherm equations were used to calculate the different isotherm constant of five isotherm models namely Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Redlich-Peterson and Sips. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of chemically modified Citrus limettioides peel was found to be 287.60 mg g-1. The negative values of ΔGº and ΔHº showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FLAXSEED BIODIESEL BLENDS WITH TIO2 COATED PISTON ON A FOUR STROKE DI DIESEL ENGINE

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
R. Bhaskar Reddy ◽  
S. Sunilkumar Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
Alternate Fuels

Diesel engines are being used extensively for fuel economy but due to gradual depletion of Petroleum resources and increase in exhaust emissions, there is an urgent need for suitable alternative fuels for the diesel engines. As our country is an agricultural country, if the alternate fuels are produced by our farmers it will be beneficial for the country and the farmers also. In recent studies, researchers studied various vegetable oils like canola oil, alovera oil, soya been oil, flaxseed oil and hone oil etc. Out of all flaxseed oil play an important role as an alternative fuel. But the properties of flaxseed oil are not suitable for the usage in the existing diesel engines without blending with diesel fuel. The performance of the engine depends on the combustion phenomenon and it further depends on the amount of heat retained in the combustion chamber. Hence the present work is planned accordingly to develop an insulated engine by coating the piston with TIO2material. So that more amount of heat will be retained in the combustion chamber which aids the combustion. Further the performance of flaxseedbiodiesel blend namely B10, B20, B30 and B40 are tested and the results are mentioned accordingly.

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