THE USE OF BIO RAW MATERIALS INEDIBLE DESTINATION FOR BIOFUELS

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Нечаева ◽  
Yu. Nechaeva ◽  
Васильев ◽  
I. Vasilev
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Edible Products

In the article the directions for alternative fuels from inedible bio raw destination. This eliminates competition between the use of vegetable oils for edible products and for biofuels. Considers non-edible oil purpose, which can be successfully used as a raw material for producing biofuels. This opens the possibility of selective and genetically modified characteristics of the fruit of the plant to produce biofuels with desired properties.

ANALISA PENGARUH PERSENTASE CAMPURAN JARAK PAGAR (JATROPHA CURCAS) DAN KAPOK (CEIBA PETANDRA) BIODIESEL TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SIFAT BAHAN BAKAR

ROTOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Dharma Surya ◽  
Sebayang Rihat
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Properties ◽  
Characteristic Features

To increase the production of biodiesel from non-edible vegetable oils, it is one of the effective ways to solve the limited number of traditional raw materials and the high prices of these raw materials. The primary objective of this study was to optimize the production of biodiesel derived from non-edible raw materials, namely J. curcas and C. Pentandra. The production process is carried out through the esterification and transesterification process of the mixture of J. curcas and C. Pentandra oils. The results of the study indicate a change in biodiesel properties due to the mixing of raw materials. But overall, the mixture of J. curcas and C. Pentandra oils have characteristic features that are suitable and meet the requirements given in the D6751 ASTM and EN 14214 standards. Keywords: alternative fuels; optimization; non-edible oil; biodiesel mixture

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR VEHICLES

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Лемешева ◽  
E. Lemesheva ◽  
Кочегаров ◽  
D. Kochegarov ◽  
Тихомиров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Motor Fuels ◽  
Harmful Substances

The growing demand for alternative motor fuels is dictated by aggravating energy and environmental problems. In article the analysis about possibility of use of alternative types of fuel for vehicles is carried out. Application of suitable alternative types of fuel will allow to improve in the future an economic and ecological situation in the country. Alternative fuel has to conform to the following requirements: to have necessary raw material resources, low cost, not to worsen operation of the engine, it is as little as possible to throw out harmful substances, whenever possible to be combined with the developed system of supply with fuel, etc. It is shown that natural gas and fuels derived from vegetable oils are most economical to use

scholarly journals Metode Menentukan Klor dalam Sludge Oil: Perbandingan Metode Wet dan Metode Jena

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Herliati Rahman ◽  
Akhirudin Salasa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chlorine Content ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
The Difference

Currently, the use of alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) in the cement industry is very attractive. This is driven by demands for environmental sustainability and the efficiency of fuel and raw material costs. One of the materials that can be used as AFR is sludge oil. However, it needs to be ensured that the chlorine content in the sludge oil does not exceed the threshold so that it does not have a negative impact during the cement production process. It is known that if the chlorine content is more than the threshold, it can cause blocking or clogging of the separator and the kiln. This study aims to determine the performance of the Jena Multi EA 4000 instrument in determining the chlorine content in sludge oil quickly and accurately. Analytic Jena Multi EA 4000 is an Atomic Absorption Spectrometers (AAS) instrument that can be used for analysis of samples in the form of solids or slurries containing chlorine. As validation of the resulting analysis, the wet method is used, which as usual, to determine chlorine levels. From the statistic analysis, namely the F-test and T-test, We found that F-count equal to 0.0080 and F-table equal to 4.2839. it shows that F-count < F-table, indicating the difference in the variance of the two methods H0: s12 = s22 is accepted because there is no difference to the variability of these two tests and the value of T-count = -3.9717 and T-table = 2.1788 so that T-count <T-table is accepted because there is no difference in the average accuracy of the two methods H0: M1 = M2.  

scholarly journals European Union Legislation Overview about Used Vegetable Oils Recycling: The Spanish and Italian Case Studies

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Jesus Ibanez ◽  
Sonia Martel Martín ◽  
Salvatore Baldino ◽  
Cristina Prandi ◽  
Alberto Mannu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Production ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

The employment of used vegetable oils (UVOs) as raw materials in key sectors as energy production or bio-lubricant synthesis represents one of the most relevant priorities in the European Union (EU) normative context. In many countries, the development of new production processes based on the circular economy model, as well as the definition of future energy and production targets, involve the utilization of wastes as raw material. In this context, the main currently applied EU regulations are presented and discussed. As in the EU, the general legislative process consists of the definition in each State Member of specific legislation, which transposes the EU indications. Two relevant countries are herein considered: Italy and Spain. Through the analysis of the conditions required in both countries for UVOs’ collection, disposal, storage, and recycling, a wide panorama of the current situation is provided.

scholarly journals Using Mustard Oil As an Ecological Additive to Petroleum Diesel Fuel

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Неверова ◽  
V. Neverova ◽  
Марков ◽  
V. Markov ◽  
Бовэнь ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Alternative Sources

The depletion of oil fields and the deteriorating environmental situation leads to the need for the search of new alternative sources of energy. Actuality of the article due to the need for greater use of the alternative fuels in internal combustion engines is necessary. Fuels produced from vegetable oils and animal fats as advanced alternative fuels for diesel engines are considered. These fuels are produced from renewable raw materials and are characterized by good environmental qualities. Advantages of using fuels of vegetable origin as motor fuels are shown. Experimental research of diesel engine D-245.12S functioning on mixtures of diesel fuel and mustard oil of various percentage is given. One of the most wide spread vegetable oils in Russia is mustard oil. Possible ways of using mustard oil as fuel for a diesel engine are considered. An opportunity of improving characteristics of exhaust gases toxicity by using these mixtures as a fuel for automobile and tractor diesel engines is demonstrated.

Improving the quality of low octane hydrocarbon fractions under conditions of catalytic processing on aluminum-silicon catalysts

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
V.O. Yevdokymenko ◽  
◽  
N.Y. Khimach ◽  
T.V. Tkachenko ◽  
D.S. Kamensky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermochemical Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
Catalytic Treatment

The main challenge today is to find new alternative energy sources. Reduction of oil, gas and coal production can be achieved through the rational use of biomass as a raw material for fuels and lubri-cants. Thermochemical treatment of biomass allows to obtain raw materials for a number of process-es, in particular the separation of hydrocarbon components and their catalytic treatment allows to ob-tain alternative components for motor fuels. The main advantage of using hydrocarbon fractions from biomass is that they are completely free of sulfur- or nitrogen-containing compounds that play the role of catalytic poisons. Catalytic studies were performed in a flow reactor at a charged catalyst volume of 30 cm3, a reac-tion zone temperature of 350 ± 5 °C and a pressure of 0.1 MPa. The feedstock was fed to the reaction zone using a pump at a constant rate of 1 h-1. The direction of supply of raw materials from top to bot-tom. In this work it is shown that industrial aluminosilicates are structural compounds (Cat.25, Cat.38, Cat.50, Cat.80) and show catalytic properties in the cracking process, which is reflected in the increase of octane number from 8 to 20 units. The higher their cracking activity, the more gaseous products are formed and the fractional composition changes in the direction of isomeric hydrocarbons, which is confirmed by gas chromatographic analysis. According to the amount of gas phase and the composi-tion of liquid products, it should be noted that the most active catalyst was the sample Cat.25. This effi-ciency is related to the chemical composition and methods of synthesis of the presented catalysts. The latter by their nature contain cations of aluminum (Al3+) and silicon (Si4+), which certainly affects the formation of Bronsted acid centers, which are responsible for the cracking process. In turn, catalysts of the type Cat.1 and Cat.2 with a significant content of aluminum and no catalytic effect can be charac-terized as a mechanical mixture of these basic oxides, and not an aluminosilicate matrix with a certain structure. Based on the obtained results, renewable biomass is a potential source for obtaining hydrocarbon fractions, which after catalytic treatment processes can serve as high-quality high-octane components of alternative fuels.

scholarly journals Effect of Selected Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials on the Cement Clinker Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Július Strigáč
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Blastfurnace Slag

Abstract The article deals with the study of the effects of alternative fuels and raw materials on the cement clinker quality. The clinker quality was expressed by the content of two principal minerals alite C3S and belite C2S. The additions of alternative fuels ashes and raw materials, in principle, always increased the belite content and conversely reduced the amount of alite. The alternative fuels with high ash content were used such as the meat-bone meal, sewage sludge from sewage treatment plants and paper sludge and the used alternative raw materials were metallurgical slags - granulated blastfurnace slag, air cooled blastfurnace slag and demetallized steel slag, fluidized bed combustion fly ash and waste glass. Meat-bone meal, sewage sludge from sewage treatment plants and paper sludge were evaluated as moderately suitable alternative fuels which can be added in the amounts of 2.8 wt. % addition of meat-bone meals ash, 3.64 wt. % addition of sewage sludge ash and 3.8 wt. % addition of paper sludge ash to the cement raw mixture. Demetallised steel slag is suitable for production of special sulphate resistant cement clinker for CEM I –SR cement with addition up to 5 wt. %. Granulated blastfurnace slag is a suitable alternative raw material with addition 4 wt. %. Air cooled blastfurnace slag is a suitable alternative raw material with addition 4.2 wt. %. Waste glass is not very appropriate alternative raw material with addition only 1.16 wt. %. Fluidized bed combustion fly ash appears not to be equally appropriate alternative raw material for cement clinker burning with less potential utilization in the cement industry and with addition 3.41 wt. %, which forms undesired anhydrite CaSO4 in the cement clinker.

scholarly journals Eco-friendly Alkyd Resins Based on Vegetable Oil: Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Okta Amelia ◽  
Illah Sailah ◽  
Ika Amalia Kartika ◽  
Ono Suparno ◽  
Yazid Bindar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Alkyd Resin ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Paint Coating ◽  
Alkyd Resins ◽  
Industry Sustainability

The alkyd resin industry currently needs environmentally friendly raw materials, which emphasized the aspect of sustainability. Alkyd resin is a polymer product with oil as raw material which is widely used in the paint, coating, and other industries. The abundant demand for alkyd resin has led to a diversification of the raw material for alkyd resin from vegetable oils. The advantages of vegetable oil include being a renewable energy source for industry, sustainability, biodegradability, and being environmentally friendly as important considerations for the industry in recent times. This paper examines alkyd resins derived from several vegetable oils that are environmentally friendly. Alkyd resin is prepared by alcoholysis and esterification. Based on several studies of alkyd resins, there have been many modifications to the raw materials, technology, and catalysts used which can refer to an environmentally friendly and affordable industry.Keywords: alkyd resin; biodegradability; environmentally friendly; sustainability; vegetable oilA B S T R A KIndustri polimer pada masa ini membutuhkan bahan baku yang ramah lingkungan, yang menekankan pada keberlanjutan. Alkid resin adalah salah satu produk berbasis minyak yang banyak digunakan dalam industri cat, coating, dan industri lainnya. Keberlanjutan, biodegradabilitas, dan keramahan terhadap lingkungan menjadi pertimbangan signifikan bagi industri berbasis minyak nabati dalam beberapa waktu terakhir. Di dalam naskah ini, diulas beberapa minyak nabati yang digunakan untuk memproduksi alkid resin dengan cara alkoholisis dan esterifikasi. Berdasarkan berbagai studi yang telah dilakukan, masih terdapat modifikasi dari sisi material, teknologi dan katalis agar tercipta industri yang ramah lingkungan.Kata kunci: alkid resin; biodegradabilitas; keberlanjutan; minyak nabati; ramah lingkungan

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENT PERFORMANCE OF DIESELS WHEN USING BIOFUELS

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
V.M. Bgantsev
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Mineral Fuel ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels

The use of biological fuels based on vegetable oils and other similar raw materials in diesel engines in developed countries can reduce the cost of mineral diesel fuel and improve the environment. This issue is relevant for Ukraine as well, in connection with which the governing bodies pay great attention to it. The deepening of knowledge in the study of the peculiarities of the flow of operating cycles of diesel engines, their power and toxic characteristics at the same time contributes to the optimization of the use of these types of fuel. In this work, the main issues related to the use of vegetable oils, such as sunflower, rapeseed, corn oils and their ethyl esters, both in pure form and in a mixture with mineral diesel fuel, are considered as a biological component of fuel. Theoretical issues and experimental data related to the use of these fuels in diesel engines are considered. Experimental studies were carried out on diesel engines D21A and four-cylinder - Skoda - an analogue of the 1.9-liter Volkswagen engine with turbocharging. Economic and toxic characteristics were obtained by load and speed characteristics. There is an increase in the consumption of mixed fuel in comparison with mineral fuel, the toxic characteristics were better in some indicators, in some cases, for example, when operating at increased capacities, they worsened relative to those when operating on mineral fuel. The basic principles of the effective use of biofuels in transport diesel engines are formulated in terms of energy and toxic indicators, as well as the corrosive effect of blended biofuels on fuel equipment. Today, gas stations in Ukraine only sell alternative fuels for gasoline engines. These are mixtures in various proportions of gasoline and bioethanol with a content of the latter up to 35–40% by volume. The price of such fuel is lower than the price of gasoline. Biodiesel fuels are not commercially available, although they would also cost less than mineral diesel fuel. It is likely that the use of biodiesel fuels is restrained due to the need to adapt the diesel engine to these fuels and to monitor the state of the fuel equipment. However, these costs are small and can be easily compensated for by the difference in the price of mineral and biodiesel fuels. It can be assumed that, first of all, biodiesel will be introduced into agricultural machinery.

scholarly journals Influence of Extraction Conditions on Qualitative Composition of Vegetable Oils

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Ivashchuk ◽  
◽  
Anna Hlukhaniuk ◽  
Yevgen Semenyshyn ◽  
Roman Chyzhovych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Soybean Oils ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Solid Liquid

The influence of the production conditions for rapeseed and soybean oils obtained by extraction in the system “solid – liquid” on the qualitative composition of the obtained vegetable oils has been studied. The main chemical values (acid value, iodine value, ester value, saponification value) and optical properties (refractometric refractive index and UV-Vis spectroscopy) for rapeseed and soybean oils obtained by extraction using methylene chloride as a solvent from different plant raw materials (grade of grinding is 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mm) and mixtures of crushed grain fractions have been determined. It has been shown that the grade of grinding of the raw material affects the quality of the obtained product.

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