METHOD OF ASSESSMENT LEVEL OF AIR POLLUTION EXHAUST GASES OF VEHICLES ON THE CO CONCENTRATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-173
Author(s):  
Тарасова ◽  
E. Tarasova ◽  
Волков ◽  
V. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Objective Analysis ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Method Of Assessment

The problem of air pollution by carbon monoxide road. The aim is to study the previously proposed methodology for the calculation of the level of concentration of carbon monoxide and make changes for a more objective analysis. This allows to evaluate the environmental impact of exhaust gas CO concentration

scholarly journals Air pollution as the cause of urban stress. A case study: Nemanjica Boulevard, Nis, Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-412
Author(s):  
Milos Petrovic ◽  
Slavisa Trajkovic
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Boundary Values ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Healthy Functioning ◽  
Code Book ◽  
Urban Stress

Topic of this paper is air pollution as a cause of urban stress. This problem is analyzed within a case study in Bulevar Nemanjica in Nis. For the observed location, the measurements were conducted in a period of eight months (May 2007 - June 2007) by the Health Protection Institute in Nis. Motor traffic exhaust gases which were observed were: carbon-monoxide (CO), nitro-oxide (Nox) formaldehyde (HCHO). Measurements were taken at "Bulevar" green market, b standard methodology prescribed by the boundary values code book, immision measurement method, criteria for creation of measuring points and data records. Concentration of exhaust gases of motor vehicles did not exceed permissible limits, except carbon monoxide in May, while it continued to decrease and remained within the legal limits. If the Mediana - Bulevar Nemanjica location was enriched by green surface and pedestrian zones, this would lead to the decrease of exhaust gases concentration. That would prevent endangering environment and facilitate its healthy functioning.

scholarly journals Analysis of the influence of motor transport on the outdoor air pollution of the town of Yaworiw by Carbon monoxide

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (40) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
M. Petrovska ◽  
L. Kaplun
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
The Town

The dynamics of the harmful substances emissions from the motor transport in Yaworiv region has been determined as well as the traffic density on the streets of Yaworiv town. The coefficient of CO concentration on some highway strips has been calculated. The map of the intensity of the pollution from CO emissions in Yaworiv has been composed. Key words: atmospheric air, moving pollution sources, polluting sources, emissions, carbon monoxide.

Carbon monoxide exchanges between the human fetus and mother: a mathematical model

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (3) ◽  
pp. H311-H323 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Hill ◽  
J. R. Hill ◽  
G. G. Power ◽  
L. D. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Human Fetus ◽  
Alveolar Ventilation ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Fetal Oxygenation ◽  
Ventilation Rates ◽  
Co Concentrations

A mathematical model was developed to calculate maternal and fetal carboxyhemoglobin concentrations, [HbCO], as functions of time during and after exposure of the mother to various inspired CO concentrations. Effects of variation in alveolar ventilation rates, pulmonary and placental fiffusing capacities, cardiac output, endogenous carbon monoxide production and other factors were studied. Following a change in the inspired CO concentration, fetal HbCO lags behind maternal HbCO by several hours. During CO uptake, fetal HbCO eventually overtakes maternal, and approaches an equilibrium value as much as 10% higher than the mother's. During CO washout the fetal levels again lag behind the mothers. Results indicate that treatment of pregnant women who have elevated HbCO levels with 100% oxygen reduces the time necessary to reduce the maternal HbCO level as expected, but that the rate of fetal CO elimination is not increased as much as that of the mother. Changes in maternal and fetal HbCO were also calculated for a representative exposure to changing inspired CO levels produced by fluctuating levels of air pollution. Finally, the effects of carboxyhemoglobin on fetal oxygenation were studied, including the effects of high altitude and exercise.

scholarly journals PERFORMA DAN EMISI MESIN EMPAT LANGKAH BERBAHAN BAKAR CAMPURAN BIOETHANOL DAN PERTALITE DENGAN VARIASI TIMING IGNITION

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ayuk Rima Dhani ◽  
Farid Majedi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
O2 Concentration ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

AbstrakJumlah kendaraan bermotor yang meningkat menyebabkan peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar dan pencemaran udara. Solusinya dengan memakai campuran bioethanol pada bahan bakar pertalite. Penambahan bioethanol dapat meningkatkan angka oktan sehingga membutuhkan beberapa perubahan pada mesin. Salah satunya dengan memajukan timing ignition. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan memajukan timing igniton sebesar 21° BTDC, dan 30° BTDC dari kondisi standar yaitu 12° BTDC. Pengujian dilakukan dengan dynotest untuk mengetahui daya dan torsi. Pengujian emisi gas buang menggunakan alat gas analyzer. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, penambahan bioethanol dapat meningkatkan daya, torsi, serta dapat menurunkan emisi gas buang. Daya tertinggi dicapai oleh variasi timing ignition 30° BTDC dengan E10 yaitu sebesar 6,7 Hp pada putaran mesin 6750 rpm. Torsi tertinggi dicapai oleh variasi timing ignition 30° BTDC dengan E10 sebesar 9 Nm pada putaran mesin 4000 rpm. Emisi gas buang, konsentrasi CO rata-rata terbaik dicapai oleh variasi timing ignition 30° BTDC dengan E10 sebesar 4%. Konsentrasi HC terendah pada variasi timing ignition 30° BTDC dengan E10 sebesar 74 ppm. Nilai rata-rata konsentrasi CO2 tertinggi pada timing ignition 30° BTDC dengan E10 sebesar 13,6%. Konsentrasi O2 terendah pada variasi timing igniton 30° BTDC dengan E10 sebesar 3% pada putaran mesin 7000 rpm.Kata Kunci: timing ignition, daya, torsi, emisi gas buang  AbstractThe increasing number of motorized vehicles has led to increased fuel consumption and air pollution. The solution is to use a bioethanol mixture on pertalite fuel. The addition of bioethanol can increase octane numbers so that it requires some changes to the engine. One of them is by advancing timing ignition. The method used is to advance the timing igniton at 21 ° BTDC, and 30 ° BTDC from the standard condition of 12 ° BTDC. Testing is done with dynotest to determine power and torque. Exhaust gas testing uses a gas analyzer. Based on the results of testing, the addition of bioethanol can increase power, torque, and can reduce exhaust emissions. The highest power is achieved by variations of the timing ignition 30 ° BTDC with E10 which is 6.7 hp at 6750 rpm. The highest torque is achieved by variations of the timing ignition 30 ° BTDC with E10 of 9 Nm at 4000 rpm engine speed. Exhaust gas emissions, the best average CO concentration is achieved by variations of the timing ignition 30 ° BTDC with E10 by 4%. The lowest HC concentration in the variation of timing ignition 30 ° BTDC with E10 is 74 ppm. The highest average CO2 concentration at the timing ignition 30 ° BTDC with E10 is 13.6%. The lowest O2 concentration in timing variations igniton 30 ° BTDC with E10 at 3% at 7000 rpm engine speed

scholarly journals The Effect of Combustion of Natural Gas With 21–29% O2/CO2/N2Mixtures on Emission of Carbon Monoxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Kalicka ◽  
Wojciech Jerzak ◽  
Elżbieta Kawecka Cebula
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Excess ◽  
Natural Gas Combustion

Abstract Natural gas combustion was carried out in air enriched with oxygen in the amount of 25 and 29% with addition of CO2 in place of part of nitrogen. The research was carried out at different flow rates of gas and oxygen excess ratios. The concentration of CO and NOx was analyzed. It has not been proved that the increased oxygen concentration influences significantly the CO concentration. However, the addition of CO2 caused a substantial variability of CO concentration in the exhaust gas, in contrast to the concentration of NOx which decreased monotonically. Model calculations, performed with use of FactSage, indicate an increase in the concentration of CO not only for the air enriched with oxygen, but after adding CO2 too, as well

scholarly journals THE PROBLEMS OF REDUCING EXHAUST GAS EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS / LAIVO IŠMETAMŲJŲ DUJŲ TOKSIŠKUMO MAŽINIMO PROBLEMATIKA

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-369
Author(s):  
Irina Panasiuk
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

The article analyzes the environmental impact of shipping and air pollution caused by ships. The paper presents the development of regulations on air pollution caused by ships and describes the efficiency of methods for reducing emissions. Santrauka Straipsnyje analizuojama jūrų transporto įtaka ekologiniam aplinkos disbalansui. Nagrinėjama laivo išmetamųjų dujų oro taršos problematika. Pateikiama oro taršos iš laivų reguliavimo raida. Išanalizuotas skirtingų toksiškumą mažinančių metodų efektyvumas.

scholarly journals Analysis of the influence of motor transport on the outdoor air pollution by carbon monoxide of the Lviv City crossroads

2014 ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Myroslava Petrovska ◽  
Vasylyna Morkvych
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Moving Sources ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
Air Motor ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Harmful Substances

The amounts of the harmful substances emissions from the stationary and moving sources in Lviv City have been determined, as well as the traffic load on the Lviv crossroads. The coefficient of CO concentration on some Lviv highway crossroads has been calculated, and the map of the intensity of the pollution of Lviv crossroads from CO emissions has been composed. Key words: atmospheric air, motor transport, carbon monoxide.

scholarly journals Análise do processo de co-combustão da biomassa, através da influência da umidade do cavaco na emissão de contaminantes atmosféricos, eficiência energética e geração de cinzas (Analysis of the biomass co-combustion process, through the influence of ...)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1471
Author(s):  
Roger Francisco Ferreira de Campos ◽  
Leandro Dalla Rosa ◽  
Tiago Borga
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
High Emission ◽  
A Company ◽  
Pollutant Gases

A poluição ambiental e atmosférica decorre de uma junção de fatores, como o crescimento e as concentrações populacionais e industriais. As caldeiras são equipamentos destinados à produção de vapor sob pressão superior à atmosférica, que utiliza a biomassa como fonte geradora de energia, emitindo uma quantidade significativa de contaminantes atmosféricos. Sabendo que o maior impacto ambiental produzido pelas caldeiras é a emissão de gases, materiais particulados e a geração de hidrocarbonetos, objetivou-se quantificar a variação de emissão de gases poluentes (CO2, CO, O2), eficiência de queima e geração de cinzas em função da umidade do combustível na empresa Adami S/A. O estudo foi realizado in loco em uma caldeira aquatubular, onde se analisou a emissão dos gases durante a queima da biomassa (Cavaco de Pinus sp.) com 52%, 40%, 30% e 25% de umidade. A partir das análises identificou-se que alta emissão de gás contaminante se dá devido principalmente pela umidade do combustível entre outros fatores. Apesar de as emissões que foram medidas na caldeira da empresa Adami S/A estarem todas dentro dos parâmetros legais, deve-se tentar reduzir a quantidade de monóxido de carbono emitido, devido ao seu impacto no meio ambiente. Assim, esse trabalho visa apresentar a interação da umidade da biomassa de Pinus sp. com a emissão de gases poluentes, pois são poucos os estudos relacionando a queima de biomassa com a emissão de gases.  A B S T R A C TEnvironmental and atmospheric pollution stems from a combination of factors such as population and industrial growth and concentrations. Boilers are equipment for the production of steam under pressure above atmospheric, which uses biomass as a steam source, emitting a significant amount of atmospheric contaminants. Knowing that the greatest environmental impact produced by the boilers is the emission of gases, particulates and the generation of hydrocarbons, the objective was to quantify the emission of pollutant gases (CO2, CO, O2), burning efficiency and ash generation in Function of the fuel in the company Adami S/A. The study was carried out in loco in an aquatubular boiler, where the emission of the gases during the burning of the biomass (Cavaco de Pinus sp.) with 52%, 40%, 30% and 25% of humidity was analyzed. From the analyzes it was identified that high emission of contaminating gas is mainly due to the humidity of the fuel among other factors. Although the emissions that were measured in the boiler of the Adami S/A company are all within the legal parameters, one should try to reduce the amount of carbon monoxide emitted due to its impact on the environment. Thus, this work aims to present the interaction of the biomass moisture of Pinus sp. with the emission of pollutant gases, since few studies relate the burning of biomass with the emission of gases. Keywords: boiler. biomass. air pollution. gaseous pollutants. air quality. 

scholarly journals Experimentation of Emission Control on a Four Stroke Diesel Engine using an Eco-Friendly Silencer with Excess Air

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-625
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Excess Air ◽  
The Earth

Earth is suffering a lot due to Air pollution and degradation, we are in a position to save the earth from this. For that an invention should be made to prevent the earth. Even though a lot of pollution are happening in and around the earth, Air pollution seems to be a dangerous one. The main sources of air pollution are exhaust gases that is coming out of Automobiles and Industries. Taking this in mind, an invention has been found to overcome and reduce the exhaust gas that is coming out from engines. A typical silencer (Eco friendly Silencer) has been made to filter the pollutants that are coming from automobiles. After installing this silencer, the gases like NOx, CO, sulphur are analysed. This analysis is made using five gas analyser, and reduction of pollutants are measured periodically. After analysis, it is found that the noise and smoke level are reduced a lot. So this silencer will definitely been a tremendous invention to reduce pollutants. When compared to other silencer, this silencer is much cheaper, easy to install and no need of any Catalytic convertor. After making some improvisation, this silencer can also be used in Industrial Engines

scholarly journals Evaluation on the Performance of Automobile Engine Using Air Injection Nozzle in the Intake Manifold

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8555
Author(s):  
Taejung Kim ◽  
Yunchan Shin ◽  
Jungsoo Park ◽  
Honghyun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Automobile Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Injection Nozzle ◽  
Combustion Environment

In the present study, a nozzle was used to improve the flow performance of an intake manifold, and its effects on the automobile engine output and the exhaust gas were experimentally studied. It was found that the engine output of a vehicle with a mileage of 30,000 km increased by 4.7% and 6.5% when nozzles with diameters of 5 and 2.5 mm were used. In addition, the engine output of a vehicle with a mileage of 180,000 km increased by 3.3% and 13.3% when nozzles with diameters of 5 and 2.5 mm were used compared to those of the same vehicle when no nozzle was used. Thus, using a nozzle for the inflow of outside air created a uniform combustion environment to improve the engine output and reduce harmful exhaust gases, such as hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, by generating vortexes inside the intake manifold and increasing the degree of mixing. Furthermore, the smaller nozzle with a diameter of 2.5 mm had greater effects.

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