Effect of different tillage options on potato yield

10.12737/1366 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
Рыжих ◽  
Lyudmila Ryzhikh
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
The Republic

The article is undertaken a comparative study of technologies, based on plowing with a turnover of the reservoir, and main alternative tillage in a crop rotation with perennial grasses and row crops (potatoes) in the specific environmental conditions of the Predkamskiy forest zone region. We present the results of potato production in the crop rotation, provided various ways of handling the gray forest soils of forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Tatarstan (example plot experimental fields of Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture on gray forest soils).

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF CROP ROTATION, SATURATED PERENNIAL GRASSES - THE BASIS OF FOOD SUPPLY ENHANCEMENT AND AGRICULTURE BIOLOGIZATION (by the example of LLC

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Вафина ◽  
Liliya Vafina ◽  
Хисматуллин ◽  
Marsel Khismatullin ◽  
Сочнева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
The Republic

The article considers topical issues of strengthening the fodder base of livestock and improving the fertility of gray forest soils of the Republic of Tatarstan on the basis of expansion of perennial grasses areas.

scholarly journals Complex Geochemical Characteristics of Soils and Plants in Natural Reserve Zones of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
N.O. Kryuchenko ◽  
◽  
Ya. Zhovinsky ◽  
P.S. Paparyga ◽  
O.A. Zhuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Mobile Forms

The results of a comprehensive analysis of the microelement composition of soils — B, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn and plants — Ag, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn (oak (Quercus robur L.), pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) perennial grasses — Kupena (Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All.), wheatgrass (Elymus repens (L.) Gould)) of natural reserve belonging to different physical and geographical zones — Polessky reserve (mixed forest zone), Roztochya reserve (broad-leaved forest zone), Kanevsky reserve (forest-steppe zone), the reserve «Askania Nova» (steppe zone), the Chernogorsk massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve (KBR, Ukrainian Carpathians), which are proposed to be considered as background. It was found that in the soils of mixed and broad-leaved forests and the Chernogorsk massif KBR with an increase in the content of gross forms of Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, the content of their mobile forms increases, this dependence is inverse in the soils of the steppe zone, which is associated with a decrease in soil acidity and mobility microelements A positive correlation was revealed between the humus content in soils and Zn, Co (gross and mobile forms) and negative — B, Mo in the soils of all reserve zones. It was found that the greatest biogeochemical activity is characteristic of plants in the zone of deciduous forests — oak leaves (Quercus robur L.) and pine needles (Pinus sylvestris L.).

Morpho-Physiological and Ecological Characteristics of Melilotus officinalis (Fabaceae, Magnoliopsida) in the Conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-164
Author(s):  
S. A. Dubrovnaya ◽  
L. Z. Khusnetdinova ◽  
N. K. Attobrah
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Stable Process ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
The Republic

The morphological variability of the aerial vegetative and generative organs of Melilotus officinalis in the ecotone communities of the forest-steppe zone, the forest zone of the Republic of Tatarstan including desecrated parts of the forest zone was studied. The ascorbic acid content in various parts of the plants growing in these habitats was also analyzed. It was revealed that the realization of the morpho-physiological potential of plants was determined by the conditions of botanical-geographical zones. The sweet clover, growing on black soils under the conditions of ecotone communities of the forest-steppe zone, was found to have higher indicators of “total biomass”, “biomass of leaves”, “biomass of inflorescences”, etc., as compared to the plants from similar communities growing on gray soils of the forest zone. Under the conditions of the ecotone communities of the forest-steppe zone, the content of ascorbic acid in all parts of the plant was also higher. Melilotus officinalis, growing in the conditions of a desecrated soil layer, was characterized by the maximum realization of its biomorphological potential with a low value of the coefficient of variation (CV), which reflected a stronger homogeneity of the samples. In the plants growing under extreme conditions, a sharp increase in the concentration of ascorbic acid in all parts was observed, which could be considered as an important mechanism for the adaptation of the species to survival under conditions of a sharp temperature difference of the substrate. Along with an increase in the generative period, an important component of the species adaptation was the low correlation between the indicator “biomass of inflorescences” and the concentration of ascorbic acid in inflorescences, “biomass of inflorescences” and the concentration of ascorbic acid in the leaves, which reflected the stable process of formation of the generative system of sweet clover. All coenopopulations were characterized by an incomplete ontogenetic spectrum with an absolute maximum on the plants with the middle-age ontogenetic status (95%).

Agroecological assessment of new varieties of potatoes in the middle Volga steppe

10.12737/1359 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Владимиров ◽  
Sergey Vladimirov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Yields

The implementation of potato potential yield (30-40 tons per hectare) in the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga is possible with the introduction of highly adapted varieties, the use of evidence-based farming cultivation. The authors studied the efficiency of promising new varieties of potatoes on gray forest soils in the Republic of Tatarstan. It was founded that when treating by calculated dozes of fertilizer potatoes of Rozhdestvenskiy, Impala, Sprint, Feloks, Red Skarlet varieties on gray forest soils of the Middle Volga steppe on average for three years the planned harvest tubers 40 or more tons per hectare was formed. The yield of Aroza, Nevskiy, Adretta varieties was 36,51-37,30 tons per hectare. In the more favorable moisture 2009 year, the high yields of tubers were formed by varieties: early-maturing Impala (58.35 tons per hectare), Red Skarlet (57.02 tons per hectare), Feloks (55.83 tons per hectare), middle-maturing Adretta (57,22 tons per hectare), Rozhdestvenskiy (56.13 tons per hectare). In drought 2010 year, in the application of irrigation higher yields of tubers formed early-maturing varieties: Sprint (21.52 tons per hectare), Red Skarlet (21.06 tons per hectare), Impala (20.59 tons per hectare) and Aroza (20.53 tons per hectare) and middle-maturing variety Nevskiy (21.74 tons per hectare). Less yields in 2010 were such varieties as Adretta - middle-maturing (14.58 tons per hectare) early-maturing Rokko (13.67 tons per hectare). The difference in yield of these varieties in this year reached 7.16 tons per hectare, the higher yield more than 20 tons per hectare was provided by 5 species of 9 studied (20,53-21,74 tons per hectare).

scholarly journals Landscapes of loessial islands in high Novgorod-Siversky Polissia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
S. V. Kanivets ◽  
Yu. V. Zalavskiy ◽  
V. V. Lebed
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
The Right

The territory of Novgorod-Siversky Polissia is characterized by natural conditions as a province of mixed forests, where soddy-podzolic soils of low fertility have formed on loamy sandy and sandy deposits. However, on the high plateau the Desna River valley right bank, there are Novgorod-Siversky and Ponornitsky loessial islands with fertile dark-colored soils (Opillia). They were formed in rather damp and cool conditions, which is natural for the forest zone. However, their landscapes by the property of the components have a forest-steppe nature. On the plateau, in the Novgorod-Siversky Opillia, eolian loessial is located, which led to the formation of dark gray podzolized soils and chernozems leached and podzolized mainly with a humus-degraded arable layer. On sufficiently large areas near localities Pontornytsya, Pokoshychi and Desnianske there was happened loessivation and silt-loam sandy. Fertile gray forest soils were formed here – a kind of Opillia region. During the large-scale survey and mapping of Ukraine's soils in 1957–1961, dark-colored soils of loessial islands were defined predominantly as dark gray podzolized. However, our recent studies have proved the widespread distribution of leached chernozems and podzolized opіlsky chernozems. On strongly eroded slopes of the right-bank native shores, we have remnants of the suboak forest, which indicate the forest-steppe nature of the landscapes. In virgin areas, unlike sandy areas, a thick bean-grass-mixed grass cover, including indicators of forest-steppe. The Opillia area with chernozems and other dark-colored soils is a major agrarian resource of the region. But gray forest soils also belong to the most valuable land in Polissia. On gray forest soils, cereal crops are grown by 4–5 centners per hectare higher than those on typical of the Polissia sod-podzolic soils. Loessial islands are common in southern part of Novgorod-Siversky Polissia, in particular, on the Desna River valley right bank. Landscapes are diverse in properties of components – the nature of loessial species, geological foundations, features of soil cover and relief. They are united by forest-steppe features of soil cover, the presence in the central part of Opilia – fertile dark-colored soils, including chernozems with signs of relic steppe phase in their development, meadow-steppe composition of herbaceous cover on virgin areas and the presence of remnants of the suboak forest. These are large fragments of the Forest-Steppe in Polissia, which have a high natural resource.

Segetal vegetation of the Southern Urals: alliance Scleranthion annui (Kruseman et Vlieger 1939) Sissingh in Westhoff et al. 1946

2018 ◽  
pp. 120-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Khasanova ◽  
S. M. Yamalov ◽  
M. V. Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Chernozem Soils ◽  
The Republic

Segetal communities are the sets the weed plant species which are formed under the influence of edafo-climatic conditions and the mode of disturbance — the systems of processing of the soil in a crop rotation (so-called agrotechnical factor) (Mirkin, Naumova, 2012). The history of their study in the Southern Urals is more than 80 years old (Dmitriyev, 1935; Gaysin, 1950; Minibaev, 1961; Bakhtizin, Rakhimov, 1968; Denisova et al., 1970). Development of classification according to floristic approach has been begun in the 1980th by Ufa geobotanists. Results have been generalized in the collective monography (Mirkin et al., 1985). A repeated syntaxonomical analysis was carried out a long time later only for the Trans-Ural region of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Yamalov et al., 2007). The purpose of the present research is to reveal a phytodiversity of weed vegetation of the Southern Urals, using all available geobotanical data, and to develop its syntaxonomy. This paper presents the results of the classification of one of the three allocated alliances. The dataset contains 1171 relevés: 891 were performed by authors in the course of the 2002–2016 field seasons, while 280 are taken from the mentioned monography (Mirkin et al., 1985). All plots belong to class Papaveretea rhoeadis which combines annual weed vegetation of winter, summer and the row-crop cultures, gardens and initial stages of succession (Mucina et al., 2016). Within the class these are distributed between orders Aperetalia spicae-venti J. Tx. et Tx. in Malato-Beliz et al. 1960 and Papaveretalia rhoeadis Hüppe et Hofmeister ex Theurillat et al. 1995. Alliance Scleranthion annui (Kruseman et Vlieger 1939) Sissingh in Westhoff et al. 1946 goes to the first one, while Caucalidion Tx. ex von Rochow 1951 and Lactucion tataricae Rudakov in Mirkin et al. 1985 — to the second. The alliances are well differentiated floristically (Table 2) and according to zonal affinity. Alliance Scleranthion annui (Fig. 2) combines the most mesophyte communities distributed mainly on gray forest and soddy podzolic soils, rarer on other types of soils in the southern part of the forest zone and northern part of the forest-steppe one. Diagnostic group includes terophytes: Centaurea cyanus, Tripleurospermum perforatum, Euphorbia helioscopia, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Polygonum aviculare, Viola arvensis, Raphanus raphanistrum. Alliance Caucalidion (Fig. 3) combines communities on rich carbonate chernozem soils of the forest-steppe zone. It is intermediate between Scleranthion annui and Lactucion tataricae in zonal gradient. Diagnostic species are Galeopsis ladanum, Sonchus arvensis, Persicaria lapathifolia, Galeopsis bifida, Silene noctiflora, Erodium cicutarium, Thlaspi arvense, Galium aparine. They are also highly constant in communities of alliance Scleranthion annui in the forest zone, but are absent or low constant in these of alliance Lactucion tataricae in the steppe zone. Alliance Lactucion tataricae (Fig. 4) combines floristically impoverished communities in the steppe zone on south chernozem soils. Two species are diagnostic: hemicryptophyte Lactuca tatarica and terophyte Panicum miliaceum. There are 4 associations, 3 subassociations and 5 variants within the alliance Scleranthion annui. The ass. Linario vulgaris–Lactucetum serriolae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 4, 5; holotypus — Table5, N 8) combines communities of winter and row-crop cultures, widely spread in the forest zone and northern part of the forest-steppe one on gray forest and soddy podzolic soils, which are common in the northernmost regions of the Cis-Urals within the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Some of them occur in northern flat forest areas as well as in the northern forest-steppe, while few of these are located in the foothill forest regions. Besides the species of alliance Scleranthion annui and class Papaveretea rhoeadis there are ruderal perennials of classes Artemisietea vulgaris Lohmeyer et al. in Tx. ex von Rochow 1951 and Polygono arenastri–Poëtea annuae Rivas-Martínez 1975 corr. Rivas-Martínez et al. 1991, such as Artemisia absinthium, A. vulgaris, Plantago major, Elytrigia repens etc. which are character for disturbed habitats. Also important is the presence of apophytes of classes Molinio-Arrhenatheretea R. Tx. 1937 and Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Th. Müller 1962 (Poa pratensis, Trifolium pratense, Knautia arvensis, Pimpinella saxifraga etc.) common in meadows and forest edges. The ass. Consolido regalis–Centaureetum cyani ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 6; holotypus — N 26) combines communities of winter and summer crops (wheat, rye, rarer barley), widely spread in forest zone and northern part of forest-steppe one. They are located on gray forest and soddy podzolic soils. Three subassociations are discribed within association according the agrotechnology of the prevailing culture. The ass. Galeopsietum bifidae combines communities of winter crops which were widely spread in a forest-steppe zone on the podzolic chernozem in the 1980th (Mirkin, et al., 1985). The association is intermediate between the alliance Scleranthion annui and Caucalidion. The ass. Euphorbio helioscopiae–Fumarietum officinalis ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 7, 8; holotypus — Table 8, N 9) combines communities mainly of the row-crop and the summer cultures in the forest zone in flat and mountain regions and also in northern part of the forest-steppe zone. They are located on gray forest soils and rarer on the podzolic chernozem. Differentiation of associations is illustrated by the DCA-ordination data (Fig. 6). The first axis is interpreted as a complex gradient of moistening and an agrocoenotic factor. Along the second axis of soil richness-salinity the communities on soddy podzolic soils are replaced by those on mountain variants of gray forest soils and the podzolic chernozem.

To syntaxonomy and ecology of communities with participation of alien species Hordeum jubatum L. in the South Urals

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Ya. M. Golovanov ◽  
L. M. Abramova
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The South ◽  
Juncus Gerardii ◽  
Hordeum Jubatum ◽  
The Republic

The synthaxonomy and ecology of communities with predominance of Hordeum jubatum L., included in the «black list» of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Abramova, Golovanov, 2016a), the preliminary «black list» of the Orenburg Region (Abramova et al., 2017) and the «Black book of flora of Middle Russia» (Vinogradova et al., 2010), are discussed in the article, which continues a series of publications on the classification of communities with alien species in the South Urals (Abramova, 2011, 2016; Abramova, Golovanov, 2016b). H. jubatum was first found in the South Urals in 1984 as an adventive plant occurring along streets in the town of Beloretsk, as well as in gardens where it was grown as an ornamental plant. During the 1980s, it was met also at some railway stations and in several rural localities. Its active distribution throughout the South Urals started in XXI century (Muldashev et al., 2017). Currently, H. jubatum, most naturalized in the native salted habitats of the steppe zone, is often found in disturbed habitats in all natural zones within the region. The short vegetating period and resistance to drought allowed it to be naturalized also in dry steppes, where it increasingly acts as the main weed on broken pastures. The aim of the work, conducted during 2011–2017, was further finding the centers of H. jubatum invasion in 3 regions adjacent to the South Urals — the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Chelyabinsk and Orenburg Regions (Fig. 1). In the main sites of H. jubatum invasion 71 relevès were performed on 10–100 m² sample plots with the information of location, date, the plot size, the total cover, average and maximum height of herb layer. Classification was carried out following the Braun-Blanquet method (Braun-Blanquet, 1964) with using the Kopecký–Hejný approach (Kopecký, Hejný, 1974). The community ecology was assessed by weighted average values according to the optimal ecological scales by E. Landolt with usfge of the software of IBIS (Zverev, 2007). PCA-ordination method with usage CANOCO 4.5 software package was applied to identify patterns of environmental differentiation of invasive communities. The current wide distribution area of H. jubatum and its naturalization in synanthropic, meadow and saline communities in the South Urals, as well as its occurrence within mountain-forest belt, forest-steppe and steppe zones both in the Cis- and Trans-Urals, indicates species wide ecological amplitude, high adaptive capability and invasive potential. Its vast thickets are known in the steppe zone, both in disturbed steppes around settlements and along the banks of water bodies. The invasion sites are smaller in the northern regions and mountain forest belt, where these are located in settlements or along communication lines. Therefore, the steppe zone is more favorable for invasive populations, and their distribution will continue from the south to the north. Communities with predominance of H. jubatum, described earlier (Abramova, Golovanov, 2016b) in the Cis-Urals as two derivative communities (associations Hordeum jubatum [Scorzonero–Juncetea gerardii], Hordeum jubatum [Artemisietea]) and Polygono avicularis–Hordeetum jubati, were met in other regions of the South Urals. Also a new derivative community Hordeum jubatum–Poa pratensis [Cynosurion cristati], occuring in the northern part of the Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals, was established. In new habitats this species forms three types of communities: ass. Polygono avicularis–Hordeetum jubati (Fig. 2) the most widespread in anthropogenic habitats throughout the South Urals; derivative community Hordeum jubatum–Juncus gerardii [Scorzonero–Juncetalia gerardii] (Fig. 5) which replaces saline meadows mainly in the steppe zone of the region; derivative community Hordeum jubatum–Poa pratensis [Cynosurion cristati] (Fig. 4) which y replaces low-herb meadows in the forest-steppe zone and mountain-forest belt. PCA ordination (Fig. 6) shows that moisture (H) and soil richness-salinization (S) factors are in priority in differentiation of communities with predominance H. jubatum. The first axis is mainly related to the salinization and soil richness. The community pattern along the second axis is associated with wetting factor. The cenoses of the derivative community Hordeum jubatum–Poa pratensis [Cynosurion cristati] (less salted substrates in drier conditions in the northern part of the forest-steppe zone and the mountain forest belt) are grouped in the upper part of the ordination diagram, while communities of ass. Polygono avicularis–Hordeetum jubati (drier conditions in settlements, the steppe zone) in its low left part. Thus, axis 1 also reflects the intensity of trampling. Another group is formed by cenoses of the derivate community Hordeum jubatum–Juncus gerardii [Scorzonero–Juncetalia gerardii], (salt substrates with a high level of moisturization, on not very damaged water body banks). All communities with H. jubatum are well differentiated in the space of the main ordination axes that indirectly confirms the correctness of our syntaxonomic decision. Undoubted is further expansion of H. jubatum with its entering both anthropogenic and natural plant communities within the South Urals that suggests a constant monitoring in centers of species invasion.

Segetal vegetation of the South Urals: the alliances Caucalidion Tx. ex von Rochow 1951 and Lactucion tataricae Rudakov in Mirkin et al. 1985

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-134
Author(s):  
G. R. Khasanova ◽  
S. M. Yamalov ◽  
M. V. Lebedeva ◽  
Z. Kh. Shigapov
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Central Position ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The South ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Chernozem Soils

Segetal, or weed, communities are the stands of the weed plant species which are formed under the influence of edafo-climatic conditions and the mode of soil disturbance within the processing of crop rotation (agrotechnical factor) (Mirkin, Naumova, 2012). This paper is the second part of weed community study in the South Ural, assigned to the class Papaveretea rhoeadis S. Brullo et al. 2001, syntaxon unites the weed communities of winter cereals with two orders: Aperetalia spica-venti J. Tx. et Tx. in Malato-Beliz et al. 1960 and Papaveretalia rhoeadis Hüppe et Hofmeister ex Theurillat et al. 1995; and three alliances (Khasanova et al., 2018). Data on diversity, floristic, ecological and spatial differentiation of mesoxeric and xeric weed communities of the alliances Caucalidion Tx. ex von Rochow 1951 and Lactucion tataricae Rudakov in Mirkin et al. 1985 in steppe and southern part of the forest-steppe zones are given (Table 1; Fig. 1). The dataset contains 756 relevés: 647 made by authors during the field seasons of 2002–2018, while 109 taken from published monography (Mirkin et al., 1985). The alliance Caucalidion combines weed communities on rich carbonate chernozem soils in the forest-steppe zone. Diagnostic species are Galeopsis bifida, G. ladanum, Galium aparine, Erodium cicutarium, Persicaria lapathifolia, Silene noctiflora, Thlaspi arvense. This alliance occupies the central position within class between communities of forest zone of the alliance Scleranthion annui and these of the steppe zone of the alliance Lactucion tataricae. The last alliance combines weed communities of the steppe zone and southern part of the forest-steppe one on south and typical chernozem soils. Two species are diagnostic: Lactuca tatarica and Panicum miliaceum. Alliances are differentiated in sample plot species richness and coenoflora: 145 species in alliance Caucalidion coenoflora (mean species number per plot is 16), and 207 species in that of Lactucion tataricae (consequently 13 species). There are 8 associations, 4 subassociations, 6 variants, 1 unrank community within these two alliances, among which 5 associations and all subassociations are new. The alliance Caucalidion includes 4 associations with spatiall and crop differentiation, which are mainly character for the forest-steppe part of the Trans-Urals within the bounds of forest-steppe region of the eastern slope of the Southern Urals. Two associations are new: Cannabio ruderalis–Galeopsietum ladani ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 2; holotypus hoc loco — rele­vé 7) unites weed communities of winter, less often — spring crops; Lycopsio arvensis–Camelinetum microcarpae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 4; holotypus hoc loco — relevé 3) unites weed communities of row crops, mainly sunflower, less often — cereals. In the same area the communities of the ass. Cannabio ruderalis–Sinapietum arvensis Rudakov in Mirkin et al. 1985 (Table 3) unite the weed communities of mainly winter cereals — wheat and rye. These communities, described in 1980s, previously were widespread in the Trans-Urals (Mirkin et al., 1985), while now occur locally in the northern part of this area. The communities of ass. Centaureo cyani–Stachyetum annuae Abramova in Mirkin et al. 1985, also described in the 1980s, were not found in the 2010s. The diversity of the most xerophytic alliance Lactucion tataricae is represented by 4 associations which occur both in the Trans-Urals and the Cis-Urals. The most common in the last area are weed row crops (beet, nute, flax, sunflower, corn, peas, buckwheat) communities of the ass. Echinochloo crusgalli–Panicetum miliacei ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 5; holotypus hoc loco — relevé 5. They are common in five natural districts: Predbelskiy forest-steppe one, forest and fo­rest-steppe of Belebey Upland, Cis-Urals steppe one, forest and forest-steppe one on Zilair Plateu, and Zabelskiy district of the broad-leaved forests. The weed communities of spring and winter cereals of the ass. Lathyro tuberosi–Convolvuletum arvensis ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 6; holotypus hoc loco — relevé 5) are common only within the Cis-Urals steppe district. The communities of ass. Lactuco serriolae–Tripleurospermetum inodori ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 7; holotypus hoc loco — relevé 2) which unites the weed communities of winter cereals, are common in the steppe zone and the southern part of the forest steppe one of the Trans-Urals and the Cis-Urals within the Cis-Urals steppe, Trans-Urals steppe, and Predbelskiy forest-steppe districts. The communities of the ass. Lactucetum tataricae Rudakov in Mirkin et al. 1985 are associated exclusively with the steppe zone of the Trans-Urals. The Lactuca tatarica community (Table 8), distributed in the steppe and southern part of the forest steppe zones of the Trans-Urals, probably is derived from the ass. Lactucetum tataricae under the intensive chemical weeding of cereal crops. Floristic differentiation of associations is confirmed by the results of the ordination analysis (Fig. 2), the diagram of which shows the distribution of communities along the moisture (first axis) and the complex soil richness–salinity gradient and agrocoenotic factor (second axis).

USE OF AGRO-RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF GRAY FOREST SOILS OF UPPER VOLGA REGION

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Upper Volga ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
Winter Cereals

The results of long-term research on the influence of main indicators on their agro-resource potential are summarized on gray forest soils of the upper Volga region. For the conditions of the Vladimir Opolie, the probable yield of biomass and the main products of field crops were calculated at different coefficients ofphotosynthetic active radiation (FAR) use. Calculations of the main product yields are made taking into account the distribution of biomass to by-products and crop-root residues. For field crops of the studied crop rotations, the coefficients of precipitation utilization are estimated. They varied from 44 to 71%, depending on the crop rotation culture. On the slope of the southern exposure when cultivating winter cereals and perennial grasses, the main moisture losses were observed in the spring during snowmelt, when growing spring crops and potatoes, they were close in the autumn and spring periods. The sizes of moisture use by crops depending on the fertilizer systems for the creation of 1 C of grain units (g.u.) and from sub-arable layers are determined. In comparison with the liming background, the use of organic fertilizers reduced the water consumption coefficient from 9.6 to 8.5 mm/C g.u., their combination with a single dose of NPK - up to 7.3, and with a double dose - up to 6.8 mm / C g.u. Based on the amount of moisture used by crops, their possible yields are calculated. In spring crops, the amount of precipitation consumed (326-356 mm) corresponds to the use of 2.7-3% of the FAR and provides 54-60 C/ha of grain, in winter rye and wheat - about 4% of the FAR (yield 71-80 C/ha). In perennial grasses for 2 mowing, the moisture consumed is enough to use about 3% of the FAR., in potatoes -1.5%.

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