A plant for blood heat treatment of farm animals

10.12737/1347 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Белова ◽  
Maryana Belova ◽  
Зиганшин ◽  
Bulat Ziganshin ◽  
Уездный ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Heating ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Microwave Generator ◽  
Safety Equipment ◽  
Cylindrical Resonator ◽  
Microwave Generators ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Increase Plant Productivity ◽  
Cylindrical Shield

The microwave installation for the cooking farm animals blood was designed. It consists of a cylindrical shield casing, inside which are the rotor; a plurality of cylindrical resonator chambers, rigidly fixed by the microwave generator so that the emitter is on its inside. Three microwave generators and an infrared heating sets (IR lamp) are installed alternately on the upper base of the cylindrical screening body to increase plant productivity. To fix the lower parts of the cylindrical resonator chambers in a vertical position there are a tension ring. It holds the resonator chamber to discharge the sector. The unit of start safety equipment was mounted on the side of the shield casing. There is a dispenser with a rotating shutter on the top shield frame, before the first microwave generator. Implementation of the gate with mounted along the shaft of the blades with scrapers is used for cleaning dispenser cap from entering blood. There is an unloading chute on the side of the shield casing. In its sector, there is a special stop element, contributing to overturn the resonating chambers and return them to the upright position. The cost effectiveness of microwave plant with a capacity of 60 kilogram per hour is about 1 million.

scholarly journals Urban Agriculture among Households of Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State, Nigeria: Key Challenges

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
E. N. Mbah ◽  
A. J. Attah ◽  
R. Jiriko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Optimum Productivity ◽  
Adequate Provision ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Farm Inputs ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The survey was conducted to identify key challenges encountered by households in Makurdi metropolis of Benue state, Nigeria who are engaged in urban agriculture. A well structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 100 respondents used for the study. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage and mean score. Results show that a greater percentage (46.0%) of the respondents engaged in cultivation of leafy vegetable, 22.0% cultivated cassava, 21.0% planted sweet potato, 18.0% cultivated tomato while 56.0% reared poultry, 23.0% kept goat, among others. Sources of agricultural information indicated by the respondents were family members/relations (85.0%), friends/neighbors (73.0%), radio (68.0%), extension agents (57.0%), etc. Major challenges encountered by the respondents in urban agriculture include inadequate size of farm land (M= 2.72), lack of access to credit facilities (M= 2.63), lack of funds (M= 2.50), high cost of labor (M= 2.49), insecurity of lands (M= 2.46), theft of crops at maturity (M= 2.38), lack of farm inputs such as improved varieties of seeds, fertilizer (M= 2.23), destruction of crops by stray farm animals (M= 1.96), among others. The study recommends that there is need for adequate provision of farm inputs by government at all levels at subsidized rate in order to reduce the cost of production and enhance optimum productivity.

scholarly journals Study of Scar Content in Cows When Using Carbohydrate-Vitamin-Mineral Concentrate «LS»

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 2241-2243
Author(s):  
Damir D. Hairullin ◽  
Farit F. Zinnatov ◽  
Shamil K. Shakirov ◽  
Sergey Yu. Smolentsev ◽  
Radiy M. Papaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
The Cost

Scientific studies of feeding dairy cattle prove that it is most rational to balance rations according to standardized nutrition indicators due to concentrates, which contain all the necessary nutrients in the main diet, consisting of bulky feed (succulent and rough). The advantage of using protein supplements in the feeding of farm animals is that there is no need for oncoming transport of grain fodder and animal feed, which significantly reduces the cost of livestock production.  The digestive apparatus of ruminants, due to the presence of pre-stomachs, is adapted to the absorption and digestion of a large number of coarse plant foods. The main feature of the processes of digestion of ruminants is that the food eaten by animals is exposed to microorganisms in the rumen. Ammonium and other nitrogenous compounds are an accessible form of nitrogen for organisms from which a microbial protein is synthesized in a rumen. This protein and unsplit protein feed are sources of coverage of the amino acid needs of the animal. In this regard, the aim of this work was to study the metabolic processes in the rumen of ruminants. To study the effect of the carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral concentrate «LS», 2 groups of animals were formed with 8 animals each. The contents were investigated: pH, the total concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) - butyric, propionic and acetic; the total number of microorganisms and number of ciliates. The introduction of the carbohydrate-vitamin-mineral concentrate «LS» in the diets of dairy cows for 30 days contributed to an increase in the name of bacteria by 3.3±3.4% and protozoa by 6.7±4.1%. In the cicatricialcontent of the experimental groups, the number of volatile fatty acids increased by 12.4±2.4% and propionic and butyric acids by 3.4±3.1 and 5.7±2.7% in relation to the control group of cows

TECHNICAL RE-EQUIPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
NATALYA V. SERGEEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Growth ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Information Platform ◽  
Livestock Farm ◽  
Time Investment ◽  
Small Livestock ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Solutions

Under the stable system of livestock keeping, the productivity of farm animals directly depends on the nutritional value of the feed and the maintenance of certain air, temperature and humidity parametres of the breeding facilities. Based on methods of comparison and prediction of the technical and economic performance of a small livestock farm, simple costeff ective engineering solutions – light mode and microclimate regulation – are recommended. The economic activity analysis of the “Volna” farm enterprise in the Bryansk region for 2017-2019 showed a reduction in the productivity of dairy livestock and high growth rates of the cost of milk. Measures are proposed to maintain the microclimate in a cowshed for 110 heads using HB LED lamps and a system of ventilation curtains “PM-Kit” controlled by an automated Farm Management Support system. This information platform allows monitoring and analyzing many processesassociated with animal care, helps quickly make engineering and organizational-and-economic decisions. The author off ers an economic rationale for technical solutions to ensure stable lighting and air exchange of the cowshed. The new technical solutions will require about 1.2 million rubles of one-time investment, will increase the average annual productivity of cows by 7.3%, and reduce the cost of 1 kg of milk by 4.6%. The total economic eff ect, taking into account the regulatory effi ciency of capital investments, will be approximately 800 thousand rubles for one farm. The author proves the feasibility of the selected technical solutions for a small-size livestock farm.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Lipid Metabolic Process in Liver Related to the Difference of Carcass Fat Content in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Hu ◽  
Wei Gu ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
Qingli Bai ◽  
Bingqian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Whole Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

Excessive accumulation of carcass fat in farm animals, including fish, has a significant impact on meat quality and on the cost of feeding. Similar to farmed animals and humans, the liver can be considered one of the most important organs involved in lipid metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). RNA-seq based whole transcriptome sequencing was performed to liver tissue of rainbow trout with high and low carcass fat content in this study. In total 1,694 differentially expressed transcripts were identified, including many genes involved in lipid metabolism, such asL-FABP,adiponectin,PPAR-α, PPAR-β,andIGFBP1a. Evidence presented in this study indicated that lipid metabolic process in liver may be related to the difference of carcass fat content. The relevance ofPPAR-αandPPAR-βas molecular markers for fat storage in liver should be worthy of further investigation.

An unit for fixation of small ruminants during veterinary treatments and the use of biophysical methods of exposure

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
М. Afanasyev ◽  
S. Shlykov ◽  
D. Kovalenko ◽  
M. Mastepanenko
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Technical Result ◽  
State Of Stress ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
The Cost

Sheep breeding is a rapidly developing branch of animal husbandry, both in Russia and in other countries. Due to the growth of the number of small ruminants in Russia since the beginning of the XXI century, the number has increased by more than 7,5 million heads. The development and implementation of apparatuses and units that facilitate the work of agricultural workers is still relevant. When conducting veterinary treatments in animal husbandry a large amount of time is spent on catching and especially on fixation due to the fact that the animal is scared and is in a state of stress. In this state, the animal is able to injure itself and the employee, but when using the unit, which has been developed by us for fixation, these undesirable consequences can be avoided. Some technological manipulations for the treatment and care of farm animals, the employee is not able to carry out independently due to the peculiarities of the procedure. All this increases the cost of maintaining small ruminants. The proposed unit relates to the agricultural direction, in particular to machines for fixation small ruminants, and can be used to fix the trunk and head of young animals during veterinary treatments and the use of biophysical methods to stimulate the productivity of animals. The technical result that can be achieved with the help of the proposed device is reduced to high reliability, convenience of fixation the animal, reducing labour costs and improving the quality of veterinary treatments.

scholarly journals Consequences of genetic change in farm animals on food intake and feeding behaviour

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry Emmans ◽  
Ilias Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Genetic Change ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Decisions ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

Selection in commercial populations on aspects of output, such as for growth rate in poultry, against fatness and for growth rate in pigs, and for milk yield in cows, has had very large effects on such outputs over the past 50 years. Partly because of the cost of recording intake, there has been little or no selection for food intake or feeding behaviour. In order to predict the effects of such past, and future, selection on intake it is necessary to have some suitable theoretical framework. Intake needs to be predicted in order to make rational feeding and environmental decisions. The idea that an animal will eat ‘to meet its requirements’ has proved useful and continues to be fruitful. An important part of the idea is that the animal (genotype) can be described in a way that is sufficient for the accurate prediction of its outputs over time. Such descriptions can be combined with a set of nutritional constants to calculate requirements. There appears to have been no change in the nutritional constants under selection for output. Under such selection it is simplest to assume that changes in intake follow from the changes in output rates, so that intake changes become entirely predictable. It is suggested that other ways that have been proposed for predicting intake cannot be successful in predicting the effects of selection. Feeding behaviour is seen as being the means that the animal uses to attain its intake rather than being the means by which that intake can be predicted. Thus, the organisation of feeding behaviour can be used to predict neither intake nor the effects of selection on it.

scholarly journals Normal growth of dairy heifers

1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
C. Lloyd (Charles Lloyd) Burlingham
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Scientific Facts ◽  
The Cost

The Federal Office of Farm Management reports (March, 1914) that there are 21,749,651 dairy cows in the United States. Considering the average productive life to be six of seven years, it is evident that 3,000,000 to 3,500,000 heifers must be grown each year to maintain the present number of dairy cows. The Government estimate of the cost of raising each to a productive age is $61.41. It therefore is important, not only that they be economically grown, but that they make such growth as will result in greatest production at maturity. A review of literature shows that little has been done experimentally on the growth of dairy cattle. While the scientific facts of growth have been worked out with man and with laboratory animals, almost no application of these facts has been made to the development of farm animals. The basis of this thesis is a study of growth of dairy heifers from birth to first parturition. The development of animals kept under different planes of nutrition is considered and compared with that made by those fed rations which are thought to be suitable for normal growth. From this data a standard of growth is calculated showing the size a heifer should attain at any particular age.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Prebiotics, Probiotics, Organic Acids and Antibiotics in Monogastric Animals

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Giacomo Biagi ◽  
C.G. Vecchiato ◽  
C. Pinna
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
The Cost

The gastrointestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem made up of a multitude of bacterial species, some of which are potentially pathogenic, while others are considered good for the host. The beneficial microorganisms that live in the hindgut influence gastrointestinal functionality and the host’s health in general.  Nowadays, many dietary supplements are available to be fed to young farm animals such as broilers, turkeys, piglets and calves in order to improve their intestinal health and growth performance. Despite the fact that non-pharmacological feed additives in general do not reach the efficacy of antibiotics as growth promoters, the proper choice and use of a dietary supplement may improve livestock productivity. Nevertheless, it has to be considered that dietary supplements usually increase the feed price, which means that the cost-benefit ratio of feed additives should always be determined. Keywords: gastrointestinal microbiota; dietary supplements; livestock productivity

scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING DRY FEED CONCENTRATE FOR FARM ANIMALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
S. K. Volonchuk ◽  
I. V. Naumenko ◽  
A. I. Rezepin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Radiation Flux ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Ir Radiation ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
The Cost

The results of research on the justification of technology for obtaining feed concentrate for farm animals are presented. It was found that the use of subsurface whey in the process of obtaining feed molasses contributes to an increase in its sugar content in comparison with molasses obtained from acidified water according to the currently used technology, but increases the duration of the process and the cost of electricity. It has lower humidity due to the presence of dry matter in the serum. The duration of the process of obtaining molasses based on water is less due to the fact that the availability of the reaction mixture is higher than when obtaining molasses based on serum. Molasses with a high sugar content was used to produce the concentrate. It was mixed with bran in certain proportions: 1,5:1,0; 2,0:1,0; 2,5:1,0, which corresponds to the humidity of 40, 50, 60 %. Composite variants were dried at IR-radiation flux densities of 15, 17.5, 20 kW/m2. The dependence of the sugar content in the composite on its humidity and the density of the IR-radiation flux is established. Indicators of the feed value of the received product are determined. A flowchart for obtaining feed concentrate has been developed.

scholarly journals Methods for increasing the efficiency of shapers powerful microwave radiation in the task of electromagnetic destruction of a group of radio-electronic means.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Volkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Finite Energy ◽  
Electrical Strength ◽  
Microwave Generator ◽  
Radio Electronic ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Microwave Generators ◽  
Directivity Characteristics ◽  
Powerful Microwave

Methods for increasing the efficiency of electromagnetic field shapers based on powerful microwave generators in case of electromagnetic defeat to a group of radio-electronic means distributed on the earth is surface have been determined. As an indicator of efficiency the radius of the zone of electromagnetic defeat of the most resistant radio-electronic mean was chosen. The limitations of the maximum power of the generator due to the finite energy of the power supply and (or) the electrical strength of the air in the radiating antenna are taken into account. It was found that the main methods to improve the efficiency of the electromagnetic field formers are the choice of the radiation parameters of the generator and the directivity characteristics of the radiating antenna. The optimal modes of operation of a microwave generator with a limited energy the power source have been determined. A comparison is made of the efficiency of shapers with different types of radiating antennas. It is shown that antennas with narrow toroidal radiation patterns are the most preferable for solving the problem under consideration.

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