scholarly journals Evaluation of forests located on agricultural lands in the Bryansk region

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Глушенков ◽  
Oleg Glushenkov ◽  
Перепечина ◽  
Yuliya Perepechina ◽  
Корсиков ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Business Section ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Interpretation Of Satellite Images

Object of study is forests, newly emerged on agricultural lands due to their withdrawal from agricultural use in the early 90s in the territory of the Bryansk region. Relevance of the work is indicated by absence of any mechanism of account and use of these forests. The analysis of the process of fields overgrowing with woody vegetation, for integrated and sustainable use of emerging plants is made, the technique of their account is proposed. To conduct the study plots of forest renewed in agricultural fields were selected, taking into consideration the composition of adjacent stands. In selected plantations temporary plots were laid, size was determined by number of trees - not less than 300 pieces. Test plots were laid at a distance of 51-100 m from the wall of the forest. Trees were determined by age, height was measured. Scots pine, silver birch and goat willow are the most commonly found species in abandoned fields. By the age of 5 years, pine, willow have a height of 1.1 m, and birch by 6 years – about 2 m. Pine in this situation manifests itself as a pioneer species , but it is inferior to the birch in growth rate. Conducting interpretation of satellite images with resolution of 2.5 m it was found that forest area of 120.6 thousand hectares are unaccounted for in HLB and Gil of the region, which corresponds to the forest area the Oryol region. In accordance with the recommendations of the UN FAO, these forests should be accounted, characteristics should be given and their continued use should be determined. On the basis of these forest areas should be organized in municipal forestry, regulations should be developed and forestries should function. After determine the cutting age in a birch business section (V / 41-50) according to the age of quantitative maturity, after logging, these lands can be reused for agricultural production.

Problems and prospects of land reclamation in the non-Chernozem zone of Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Shevchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
High Level

The non-black earth zone of Russia is a zone of guaranteed harvest of major agricultural crops. However, at present, the potential of the reclaimed lands of the Non-Black Earth Region remains largely unrealized. In world agricultural practice, land reclamation combined with the use of modern technical means is an important factor in the development of agriculture, a condition for a consistently high level of agricultural production. Therefore, in all countries, reclaimed lands are given a special status, and the necessary amount of reclamation fund of agricultural lands is created.

Predicting soil nutrient contents using Landsat OLI satellite images in rain-fed agricultural lands, northwest of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Miran ◽  
Mir Hassan Rasouli Sadaghiani ◽  
Vali Feiziasl ◽  
Ebrahim Sepehr ◽  
Mehdi Rahmati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Northwest Of Iran ◽  
Soil Nutrient Contents

scholarly journals The 2007 flood in the Sahel: causes, characteristics and its presentation in the media and FEWS NET

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Samimi ◽  
A. H. Fink ◽  
H. Paeth
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Volta Basin ◽  
The Media ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
Upper Volta ◽  
Flooded Areas ◽  
Interpretation Of Satellite Images

Abstract. During the rainy season in 2007, reports about exceptional rains and floodings in the Sahel were published in the media, especially in August and September. Institutions and organizations like the World Food Programme (WFP) and FEWS NET put the events on the agenda and released alerts and requested help. The partly controversial picture was that most of the Sahel faced a crisis caused by widespread floodings. Our study shows that the rainy season in 2007 was exceptional with regard to rainfall amount and return periods. In many areas the event had a return period between 1 and 50 yr with high spatial heterogeneity, with the exception of the Upper Volta basin, which yielded return periods of up to 1200 yr. Despite the strong rainfall, the interpretation of satellite images show that the floods were mainly confined to lakes and river beds. However, the study also proves the difficulties in assessing the meteorological processes and the demarcation of flooded areas in satellite images without ground truthing. These facts and the somewhat vague and controversial reports in the media and FEWS NET demonstrate that it is crucial to thoroughly analyze such events at a regional and local scale involving the local population.

scholarly journals The headache and adverse events due to the use of personal protective equipment to combat Covid-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Erlene Roberta Ribeiro dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Work Disability ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Object Of Study

Personal protective equipment such as a mask, face shield, and glasses for healthcare professionals has never been more widespread during is the occurrence of the Covid-19 pandemic. These devices compress the scalp tissue circumferentially and often leave pressure marks after its removal, as is often observed in the case of the mask. This situation has affected the work environment of professionals who have been at the forefront of combating Covid-19 since December 2019, in units dedicated to the care of infected patients. Therefore, we wonder about the need and importance of exploring the adverse event of prolonged use of personal protective equipment such as mask, face shield, and goggles associated with the triggering of external pressure headaches. The etiology of this type of headache is triggered by external pressure resulting from the sustained compression of the soft tissues of the epicrania, associated with the use of the equipment on the head, which can lead to work disability. For those who already suffer from primary headaches such as migraines, the damage can be greater, as the continued use of the accessory by pressing on sensitive areas for an extended period can increase the chance of triggering a crisis. Based on these notes, it is recommended that greater attention be paid to the care with the improvement of protective equipment as an object of study, in the search for alternatives that can minimize the damage caused.

scholarly journals Exposure of Protected and Unprotected Forest to Plant Invasions in the Eastern United States

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Riitters ◽  
Kevin Potter ◽  
Basil Iannone ◽  
Christopher Oswalt ◽  
Qinfeng Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Forest Protection

Research Highlights: We demonstrate a macroscale framework combining an invasibility model with forest inventory data, and evaluate regional forest exposure to harmful invasive plants under different types of forest protection. Background and Objectives: Protected areas are a fundamental component of natural resource conservation. The exposure of protected forests to invasive plants can impede achievement of conservation goals, and the effectiveness of protection for limiting forest invasions is uncertain. We conducted a macroscale assessment of the exposure of protected and unprotected forests to harmful invasive plants in the eastern United States. Materials and Methods: Invasibility (the probability that a forest site has been invaded) was estimated for 82,506 inventory plots from site and landscape attributes. The invaded forest area was estimated by using the inventory sample design to scale up plot invasibility estimates to all forest area. We compared the invasibility and the invaded forest area of seven categories of protection with that of de facto protected (publicly owned) forest and unprotected forest in 13 ecological provinces. Results: We estimate approximately 51% of the total forest area has been exposed to harmful invasive plants, including 30% of the protected forest, 38% of the de facto protected forest, and 56% of the unprotected forest. Based on cumulative invasibility, the relative exposure of protection categories depended on the assumed invasibility threshold. Based on the invaded forest area, the five least-exposed protection categories were wilderness area (13% invaded), national park (18%), sustainable use (26%), nature reserve (31%), and de facto protected Federal land (36%). Of the total uninvaded forest area, only 15% was protected and 14% had de facto protection. Conclusions: Any protection is better than none, and public ownership alone is as effective as some types of formal protection. Since most of the remaining uninvaded forest area is unprotected, landscape-level management strategies will provide the most opportunities to conserve it.

scholarly journals Towards Sustainable Use of Potassium in Pineapple Waste

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1007-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osumanu H. Ahmed ◽  
M.H.A. Husni ◽  
A.R. Anuar ◽  
M.M. Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
The Arid Regions ◽  
Pineapple Leaves

Due to the 1997/98 haze problem in South-East Asia and the increasing need for sustainable food production and development, the usual management of crop residues (including pineapple wastes) through burning is prohibited. As a result, the need for alternative uses of pineapple wastes in pineapple production has been emphasized. This study investigated an environmentally friendly means of recycling pineapple leaves for agricultural use. Pineapple leaves were shredded and composted in a composting drum for 30 days. Part of the shredded leaves was ashed in a muffle furnace for 4 h. Humic acid (HA), K-fulvate, and K in HA and compost were analyzed using standard procedures. An ash to water ratio of 1:7 was used to extract 0.1 molar (M) KOH from the shredded leaves. The 0.1 M KOH contained 50% K and was able to extract 20% HA from the composted pineapple leaves. Percent K in the fulvate using 0.1 M KOH was 43. Besides serving as a foliar spray (supplement soil application K fertilizers), source of K for freshwater fish (e.g., tilapia), the HA produced can be used as a soil conditioner. Studies show that between 0.05–0–01 g of HA per kg soil retards runoff by 36% in sandy and sandy loam soils. The K-fulvate can be used as a fluid fertilizer. In addition, the pH of 2 of the K-fulvate suggests it could be used to dissolve phosphate rocks, particularly those in the arid regions where high soil pH does not facilitate the dissolution of these important rocks that serve as one of the sources of phosphorus fertilizer in agriculture.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Exchanges: Testing the Hypothesis of a Country without Agricultural Production

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 784-790
Author(s):  
M.-F. Slak ◽  
L. Commagnac ◽  
P. Pointereau ◽  
S. Larbouret ◽  
C. Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Nitrogen Excess ◽  
Average Consumption ◽  
Nitrogen Flows

Today, finding data on agricultural nitrogen balances is quite easy. Calculations of such balances are carried out by most of the European countries as an indicator of environmental pollution attributable to the agricultural sector. In France, average values of agricultural nitrogen balances show an excess of 1.5 to 2 million tons of nitrogen. This excess is enormous. What would the balance of a country be if agricultural activity were stopped? In the following article, a country (France is used as an example) without agriculture is studied in order to assess its nitrogen balance. Using a previously published model describing nitrogen input and output of a given country, nitrogen flows are identified. Inputs include deposition, fixation, and products not intended for agricultural use. Outputs are reduced to zero if agriculture disappears (in France, agriculture is the only sector exporting products containing nitrogen). All flows are calculated considering the hypothesis of disappearance of agriculture. Nitrogen requirements to feed people and pets in France are estimated based on medical and veterinary data (recommended daily amounts for proteins and/or usual average consumption). Indeed, most of the food that nourishes the French population is produced nationally. If agriculture stops, it will be necessary to import food from foreign countries. Results show an unexpectedly high excess (for a country without agriculture having a structure similar to France: number of human beings and pets) of 1.5 million tons of nitrogen. An attempt to calculate an agricultural balance with the same data gives a result close to 3 million tons. Differences in French agricultural balances found in the literature can mainly be explained by values taken into account for deposition and fixation (values used here are at least 300,000 tons higher than values used by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). In conclusion, nitrogen excess in agriculture is partly due to social demand; agriculture does not only produce food but also includes many other functions (landscape management, employment, and preservation of culture, for example). As a consequence, efforts that do not involve suppressing agriculture should be made to figure out alternative ways of production.

scholarly journals Abandonment or Regeneration and Re-Use? Factors Affecting the Usage of Farm Premises in Different Social Spaces of the Rural

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9124
Author(s):  
Josef Navrátil ◽  
Tomáš Krejčí ◽  
Stanislav Martinát ◽  
Kamil Pícha ◽  
Petr Klusáček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
National Databases ◽  
Use Factors

Nearly every village in Central and Eastern European countries with heavily collectivized agriculture has its collective farm premises that encompass substantial parts of the village area, were built in the sixties, and now are unable to be used in former ways. The aim of the paper is to identify indicators that are relevant for spatial disparities in the utilization of agricultural premises thirty years after the fall of the Iron Curtain. The location and its area of all pre-1989 rural farm premises within two NUTS 3 regions of the Czech Republic with its current uses were identified, and differences in present uses were tested against agri-natural and socio-economic characteristics (of the municipalities where rural farm premises are located) obtained from national databases. From a global point of view, socio-economic characteristics of municipalities were found to be exceedingly more important than agri-natural—thus, changing of uses is rather dependent on socio-economic context than on geographical preconditions of agriculture. Surprisingly, agricultural use or re-use can be primarily found in municipalities not suitable for intensive agriculture located in the fodder crops and potatoes areas of agricultural production with the highest shares of permanent grassland on agricultural land. On the other hand, areas with the best preconditions for agriculture tend to re-use former farm premises for non-agricultural production.

ADVANTAGES AND DISA DVANTAGES OF LEGAL FORMS OF USING LAND FROM THE RESOURCES OF THE AGRICULTURA L PROPERTY OF THE STATE TREASURY IN THE LIGHT OF SURVEYS IN THE WAR MIAN-MAS URIAN VOIVODESHIP

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (6) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Juchniewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Łukasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
The Way

The purpose of research was to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the forms of development of farm lands using the grounds from the State Treasury Agricultural Property (STAP) in Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodeship. In the opinions of researched group, the main advantage of lease was the opportunity to maintain the agricultural production in lower (than in the way of buying) prices. The most important disadvantage of the lease was insecurity of managing in longer perspective of time. The most important asset of buying the agricultural lands is the possibility of further investments in the farm without having to worry about losing the grounds. Respondents pointed out that the main disadvantage of buying the grounds is the high prices of such form of using.

Assessing the value and quality of German soils under agricultural use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelie Säurich ◽  
Holger Lilienthal
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
High Soil ◽  
First Results ◽  
Agricultural Use

<p>Halting and reversing soil degradation as well as protection and sustainable use of soil as a resource are part of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Despite the vital significance and essential functions of soil, massive amounts of fertile soil worldwide are lost due to improper land use. In Germany, approximately 66 ha of soil are damaged partly or completely in their soil functions daily. The main issues are soil erosion, land area claims for housing estate and transportation, and pollution. Until now, precise spatial location and assessment of the loss of valuable soil in terms of fertility and productivity has not been quantifiable and therefore not controllable.</p><p>In the SOIL-DE project, indicators to evaluate the functionality, potential, intensity of use, and vulnerability of soils are developed in order to be able to assess the quality and value of soils, both in retrospective and under current agricultural use. The aim of this survey is (i) to detect the loss of land over the past ten years in high spatial accuracy, (ii) to determine the fertility of the soil and (iii) to identify risk areas, i.e. regions with particularly high soil loss rates and high soil profitability. The threat to soil, the fertility and impairment of soil functions by changes in land use, are to be recorded nationwide and statewide. Therefore, the evaluation of time series from satellite images is used in combination with official soil information at different spatial resolution, as well as digital elevation models and climatic data. In this study, different rating systems are investigated including e.g. the Muencheberg Soil Quality Rating (ZALF), biotic potential yield, resistance to erosion, filter, buffer and transformation function, and runoff regulation. First results will be presented.</p>

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