scholarly journals Analyzing the Need to Reinstate the NGT Ban with Respect to Meghalaya’s Rat-Hole Mines

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-48
Author(s):  
Antony Moses
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
State Government ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
Autonomous District ◽  
Jaintia Hills ◽  
Garo Hills ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Legislative Measures

On 13th December 2018, 15 miners were trapped in a rat-hole mine in the East Jaintia Hills District of Meghalaya. This incident happened despite the ban imposed and the detailed guidelines laid down by the National Green Tribunal (NGT) in 2014, in response to the South Garo Hills incident. As of date, no concrete legislative measures have been implemented by the State Government of Meghalaya, nor by the respective autonomous District Councils to regulate coal-mining. Clothed with the protection conferred by the Sixth Schedule, the State harbors rampant scientific mining practices, and its administration argues that it is a necessity for the economic development of the State. As a result, agriculture has been brought to a standstill and the coal mafia plaguing the State has received an added impetus. Rehabilitation of citizens remains a distant dream and the Sixth Schedule protection afforded to the State, facilitates exploitation instead of protecting the masses. This article will argue strongly for the continuation of the NGT Ban and analyze and counter popular arguments that have been presented for the legalization of coal mining in Meghalaya.

scholarly journals The concept of socio-economic regulation of labor activity of employees of a coal-mining enterprise

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-207
Author(s):  
Oksana Anatol’evna LAPAEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Scientific Organization ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Quality Of Working Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Labour Standards

Relevance of the work. Nowadays, Russian enterprises and their employees are subjects of the labour, product, services market, and capital market. An analysis of the theory, methodology and practice of labour standards for workers in coalmining enterprises has shown that rate fixing, as one of the important institutions that regulate the quality, quantity and efficiency of labour use, restrains an employee’s subjectivity in the labour market. Lack of subjectivity is disadvantageous either to employees, or to management (to the owners of the enterprise, or the state), since it does not allow increasing labour efficiency, which is a source of workers’ dissatisfaction with the quality of working life and incomes, labour conflicts, insufficient to ensure the competitiveness of enterprises with increased productivity and labour safety, insufficient growth tax revenues to the state budget. These circumstances indicate the need to develop the theory and methodology of labour standards for workers of coal-mining enterprises aimed at increasing the market subjectivity of each employee of the enterprise by means of socio-economic standardization of his labour activity allowing the employee to satisfy his socioeconomic needs, and the enterprise to carry out socio-economic development as one of the conditions for effective functioning in a market environment. Purpose of the work – theoretical and methodological substantiation of the socio-economic standardization of labour activity of coal-mining workers as a real socio-economic phenomenon and a means to increase their market subjectivity, and for an enterprise to successfully realize the goals of socio-economic development in the conditions of high dynamics of the functioning environment. Methodology and methods of research. The methodology of socio-economic regulation of labour activity of workers is based on the theoretical and methodological provisions of the scientific organization of labour, the results of modern research on the development of labour standards in the context of the formation of a socially oriented market economy and an institutional approach that allows us studying the problems of functioning and changing the role of labour standards as one of the social and economic institutions that form the market subjectivity of the employee and the level of social -economic development of the enterprise. Results of the research. The key concepts of the methodology of socio-economic standardization are identified, the main provisions of the concept of socio-economic standardization of labour activity of coal-mining workers are developed. Conclusions. The increase in the market subjectivity of workers is ensured by the formation and adoption by the enterprise management of the socio-economic standardization of the labour activity of workers at all levels of management, which is based on the determination, establishment and maintenance of a measure of conformity of the social and economic benefits received by the employee, the results of his labour activity and the conditions for obtaining these results.

scholarly journals ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE PANDEMIC: THEORETICAL AND APPLIED THINKING

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Medvedkina ◽  
◽  
Tamara Ishchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
State Government ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
National Economic Security

The problem of ensuring the economic security of the state is quite urgent. This study examines theoretical approaches to defining this definition, as well as the structural elements of the concept of economic security. The aim of the study is to identify the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the economic security of the state and the development of strategic directions for ensuring the economic security of the Russian Federation in the face of modern global challenges. The stages for assessing the level of economic security of the state are determined. Based on the existing methods for assessing the economic security of the state, a methodological approach to this assessment is proposed, taking into account the totality of macroindicators, industry, financial and social indicators. The calculation of the indicators of the economic security of the Russian Federation showed that the indicators do not go beyond the threshold values. The results of constructing an econometric model made it possible to determine the indicators of national economic security that have the most significant impact on the level of economic development of the state, as well as to identify internal and external threats to the Russian Federation. Thus, we can conclude that the economic security of the state can be represented as the state of protection of the national economy from external and internal threats, which ensures the progressive development of society, its economic and socio-political stability, despite the presence of unfavorable external and internal factors; ensuring national economic security and neutralizing all possible threats is the fundamental task of the state government. The level of economic development of the country as a whole and the quality of life of its citizens depend on the success and effectiveness of countermeasures.

State Musical Populisms

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-138
Author(s):  
Pablo Palomino
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Latin American ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Comparative History ◽  
Cultural Activism ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Masses

This chapter shows the emergence of a regional sense of Latin America as part of the musical pedagogy of the nationalist states at the peak of the state-building efforts to organize, through a variety of instruments of cultural activism, what at the time were called “the masses.” It analyzes particularly the cases of Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina—the three largest countries of the time in population and economic development—from the 1910s through the 1950s. It proposes a comparative history of Latin American musical populisms, focusing in particular on policies of music education, broadcasting, censorship, and experiences of state-sponsored collective singing.

THE SOUTH, THE STATE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: REMARKS ON PIERO BEVILACQUA'S ‘OLD AND NEW IN THE SOUTHERN QUESTION’

Modern Italy ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bull
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
Current Process ◽  
Recent Introduction ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Way

I am taking the opportunity created by the recent introduction of a section entitled ‘Contexts and Debates’ to put forward some considerations regarding Bevilacqua's contribution on the southern question, which appeared in the last number of this journal. By doing so, I hope to promote a stimulating debate on the South of Italy today and on the way forward for reversing the current process of de-industrialization in the region and the widening gap between the South and the rest of the country. Ideally, the debate should encourage different points of view and interpretations without reopening old wounds or leading to entrenched positions.

Environmental Impact of Rat-Hole Coal Mines on the Biodiversity of Meghalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
M.Z.M. Nomani ◽  
Ali Reja Osmani ◽  
Ghazal Salahuddin ◽  
Madiha Tahreem ◽  
Saif A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
The World ◽  
Jaintia Hills ◽  
Garo Hills ◽  
Mining Laws ◽  
Laws And Policies

The paper appreciates coal mining laws and policies applied by National Green Tribunal to ban traditional, artisanal and rat-hole coal mining in Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya (a state in India) in an attempt to conserve its environment and biodiversity. Meghalaya represents an important part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot which is one of the four bio-diversity hotspots of India and ranks 34th among the hotspots in the world. It is equally bestowed with rich deposits of coal, which can be found in the Khasi Hills, Garo Hills and Jaintia Hills districts. Coal mining from these districts is labour-intensive and involves digging narrow rat-hole sized tunnels that are four-feet high. The workers enter into the rat-hole in an extremely hazardous manner, setting aside the ergonomic principles for the extraction of coal. The legal framework of coal mining is governed by Mines Act, 1952, Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957, Mineral Concession Rules, 1960, Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act, 1973, Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 1988 and Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015. However, these laws are not applied to Meghalaya because of its constitutional status enshrined in Sixth Schedule and Article 244 of the Constitution of India, 1950. Coal mining has brought employment opportunities, tribal sustenance and economic development that led to environmental degradation, disruption of ecosystems and biological diversity. The hazardous pursuits have been bereft of safety and ergonomic principle besides being oblivious of SDF of mining laws and policies in India.

scholarly journals Three Fatwas on Marriage in South India (Tiga Fatwa Perkahwinan di India Selatan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-282
Author(s):  
Sayyed Mohamed Muhsin
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
Legal Interpretation ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
The South ◽  
The Masses

With a history dating back to the era of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), Muslims in Kerala, the second largest community in the state, mark their centuries-evolved social and religious imprints in the south-western tip of India. Among the organisational platforms, Samasta (founded on 1926) led by traditional Sunnī Shāfiʿī scholars claims the largest number of followers and is deemed as a religious authority by the masses for setting their beliefs up and finding fatwas for their religious queries. In light of the manuscripts of fatwas, publications and interviews, this study scrutinises the genesis, craft, methods and legal bases behind fatwas of Samasta. Besides, it conducts a case study of three fatwas on marriage to cross-check the peculiarities specified in the craft of fatwa and analyse the matters surrounding the issuance of a fatwa in Kerala. This study concludes that the influence of ‘past’ is evident in the ‘present’ legal interpretation of Samasta scholars.                                        Keywords: Samasta, fatwa, marriage, Shāfʿī, SFC, Legal basis, iftā’, Kerala. Abstrak Berteraskan sejarah Zaman Nabi Muhammad (ﷺ), masyarakat Islam di Kerala yang merupakan koumuniti kedua terbesar di negeri ini mencorakkan evolusi sosial dan amalan agama di bahagian Tenggara India. Antara organisasi yang ada di Kerala, Samasta [yang diasaskan 1926] yang dipimpin oleh ilmuwan mazhab Shafiee Sunni mempunyai pengikut yang paling ramai. Mereka juga dianggap mempunyai kuasa dalam menentukan fatwa dalam hal ehwal agama. Ini jelas terlihat dari keterangan penulisan, pendokumentasi fatwa, penerbitan dan temubual yang telah dijalankan. Kajian ini menghalusi sumber rujukan, kaedah dan metodologi,  penulisan  fatwa serta rujukan perundangan fatwa yang dihasilkan oleh Samasta dan juga merupakan intipati kajian ini. Kajian kes terhadap tiga fatwa perkahwinan ini adalah untuk melihat persamaan, perbezaan dan keunikan dalam fatwa perkahwinan di Kerala dan menganalisa isu berkaitan fatwa di Kerala. Kajian ini juga menujukkan pengaruh “lampau” adalah satu bukti jelas dalam menterjemahkan perundangan “semasa” oleh ilmuwan Samasta. Kata Kunci: Samasta, fatwa, perkahwinan, Shafie, SFC, asas perundangan, Kerala.  

The Colored Vote: The South

2008 ◽  
pp. 137-154
Author(s):  
John Roy Lynch
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
Material Change ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government

This chapter discusses the colored vote in the South, presenting the reason for the sanguinary revolution which resulted in the overthrow of the Republican state government in the state of Mississippi in 1875. What was true of Mississippi at that time was largely true of the other reconstructed states where similar results subsequently followed. When the War of the Rebellion came to an end, it was believed by some and apprehended by others that serious and radical changes in the previous order of things would necessarily follow. But when what was known as the Johnson plan of reconstruction was disclosed, it was soon made plain that if that plan should be accepted by the country no material change would follow, for the reason, chiefly, that the abolition of slavery would have been only in name. It was the rejection of the Johnson plan of reconstruction that upset these plans and destroyed these calculations. The Johnson plan was not only rejected, but what was known as the congressional plan of reconstruction, by which suffrage was conferred upon the colored men in all the states that were to be reconstructed, was accepted by the people of the North as the permanent policy of the government and thus made the basis of reconstruction and readmission of those states into the Union.

scholarly journals Uitgangspunte vir staatsoptrede in die Institusie van Calvyn soos vergelyk met uitgangspunte van Suid-Afrika se Handves van Regte (1996)

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
State Government ◽  
The State ◽  
John Calvin ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
The South ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Law

Points of departure for the state in the Institutes of Calvin compared with points of departure of the South African Bill of Rights (1996) In the last chapter of his “Institutes” the reformer John Calvin (1509-1564) concentrates on points of departure for the state and on the task of the state government. Calvin is strongly influenced by the Bible and sees the state government as being ordained by God to exercise justice in society. For him justice and fairness should be the norm for every law created by the state.  The South African “Bill of Rights” is regarded as the highest law in the country. To prevent chaos or people exercising the law wrongly, the Constitution with the “Bill of Rights” in the final instance should be interpreted by the Constitutional Court. This makes South Africa a just state or a society governed by the constitution or law.  Although Calvin, like the “Bill of Rights”, has a feeling for justice to all, he and the Bill part company on the important issue that the state should be seen as a servant of God.

scholarly journals The Role of Community Reserved Forests in the Conservation of Anuran Amphibians in Meghalaya, North-East India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Kupar Lyngdoh Tron ◽  
Duwaki Rangad ◽  
Wankitlang Shangpliang ◽  
Baiakmenlang Manners ◽  
Iasyllok Rynjah
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
The State ◽  
North East India ◽  
Anuran Species ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Jaintia Hills ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Garo Hills

The state of Meghalaya is situated in the north-eastern India and it comprises three major regions, namely, the Khasi Hills, the Jaintia Hills and the Garo Hills inhabited by three main tribal groups, the Khasis, the Jaintias and the Garos respectively. The tribal communities of Meghalaya protect and nurture the forests located close to their habitation and consider them as sacred. These Community reserved forests are managed by the community for their benefits and they comprise almost about 90% of the total forest cover in Meghalaya. With the recent trends of development and construction in the state many habitats are getting destroyed at an alarming rate. These community reserve forests have been seen to provide the maximum number of existing and stable habitats for many amphibian (anuran) species. In addition, they served as suitable sites for the breeding activities and oviposition by anurans. Discovery of many new anuran species have also been reported from such reserved forests.

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