scholarly journals Corruption and Economic Growth in Nigeria (1980-2013)

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim W ◽  
Okunade A Sheu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Party Affiliation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Political Will ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Corruption is as aged as the existence of man and it exists in all sphere of human life. The  persistency  of  corruption  erodes  the  social  economic  value  of  a  nation. The study investigates the relationship between corruption and economic growth in Nigeria, in the period 1980-2013, using the VAR analysis. The study finds the existence of long-term relationship between corruption and unemployment growth on the economic growth of Nigeria. Also, the study found no short-term relationship in corruption and unemployment on economic growth. Hence, the result in the analysis shows that corruption positively has a strong influence on the output of Nigeria. So the rise in growth rate experienced in Nigeria is influenced by high corruption rate in the country, which is making the few rich to be richer, eradicating the middle class and making the poor to be poorer. Therefore, there is a need to develop political will to prosecute anyone found guilty of corruption irrespective of their position, tribe, religion or party affiliation. Such a punishment would also serve as a deterrent to others and help improve real economic growth and development.

Undergraduate Rehabilitation Accreditation as a Tool in the Social Justice Movement

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-333
Author(s):  
Penny Pears Willmering
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Curriculum Standards ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Curriculum ◽  
Financial Challenges ◽  
The Relationship

Accreditation of undergraduate rehabilitation education (URE) programs is a tool to further the cause of social justice. In addition to supporting this statement, this article explores the relationship between URE, accreditation curriculum, and the training of graduates to facilitate justice for all members of society. The social justice struggle for accreditation equity for URE is reviewed, as well as continued threats to accreditation, and the need for consistent professional identity and nomenclature. The new accreditation curriculum standards and their attention to social justice concepts is discussed. Accreditation advantages and disadvantages as they relate to justice are offered. Advantages include the strength of consistency of curriculum, while disadvantages involve leaning toward homogenization of the course of study, and a threat of return to a paternalistic view of consumers. In addition, financial challenges presented by the pandemic to URE programs is discussed, along with a strategy to address those issues. An analysis of advantages and disadvantages to accreditation as it relates to social justice and consumers reveals that benefits far outweigh potential issues. Further, short-term and long-term strategies to address threats to accreditation, challenges to consistent names for the profession, its graduates and professional scope, and a stratagem to address nomenclature is offered. Finally, strategies to strengthen the new curriculum to reflect current day understanding of social justice are presented. The country has awakened to social justice issues, and is time that intentional curriculum, driven by accreditation, trains graduates to become social justice advocates and allies.

A Star Is Born: The Relationship Between Performance and Achieving Status Through Certification Contests in the Context of Equity Analysts

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Taeha Paik ◽  
Timothy G. Pollock ◽  
Steven Boivie ◽  
Donald Lange ◽  
Peggy M. Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Status ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Equity Analysts ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Status Position ◽  
Over Time

We investigate how the relationship between status and performance decouples over time by addressing two questions: (1) how performance affects the likelihood that an actor achieves high status and (2) how achieving high status affects the actor’s subsequent performance. In doing so, we focus on the role repeated certification contests play, where evaluators assess actors’ performance along particular dimensions and confer high status on the contest winners. Using the context of sell-side (brokerage) equity analysts and the “All-Star” list from Institutional Investor magazine, we first investigate whether analysts who make the All-Star list are more likely to produce accurate and/or independent forecasts. Then, we investigate analyst performance after recent and multiple wins. Our results demonstrate the decoupling of status and performance over time and the roles played by both the high-status actor and the social evaluators conferring their status. Whereas analyst performance increases the likelihood of being designated an All-Star, recent and multiple All-Star designations differentially affect both how subsequent performance is assessed, and how the All-Star analysts subsequently perform. In the short term, achieving high status can increase performance and solidify an analyst’s status position; however, in the long term, it can lead to lower performance and eventually result in status loss, which further erodes performance.

Social Support and Success at Stopping Smoking

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia May ◽  
Robert West ◽  
Peter Hajek ◽  
Andy McEwen ◽  
Hayden McRobbie
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article characterises the social support received by a large sample of smokers attempting to stop and the relationship between this and the outcome of their attempt. A survey was conducted of 928 smokers attending a group-based program. Smoking among colleagues and a perception of having someone to turn to predicted outcome at the end of treatment, 4 weeks from the quit date (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.81, p = .008 and OR = 1.31, p = .003 respectively) Among those who abstained for the first week, smoking among colleagues and the frequency with which they had been offered cigarettes predicted outcome at the end of treatment (OR = 0.81, p = .04 and OR = 0.73, p = .01 respectively). There were no significant social support correlates of cessation for 26 weeks. Social support has a role to play in the short-term, but in the context of a group-based treatment program appears not to be related to long-term success.

scholarly journals Dynamic Effects of Foreign Portfolio Investment on Economic Growth in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
O.W. Toyin ◽  
Ad. E. Oludayol
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Foreign Portfolio Investment ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
The Relationship

The slow growth rate and the deficit of full-fledged financial security have created the preconditions for studying the relationship between foreign investment and economic growth. In previous literature, key emphases on this issue were studied in the short term and in terms of static functioning of the economy. Thus, this article purposely studied the dynamic nature of the development of the relationship between foreign investment and economic growth in Nigeria from 1980 to 2018. The use of the Augmented-Dickey Fuller test confirmed the precondition for adopting dynamic techniques to test the significant role of foreign portfolio investment (among other analyzed factors – domestic savings, government capital expenditures, market capitalization) in the formation of gross domestic product. The use of the lag selection method allowed to determine the optimal lag for estimating the autoregressive distributed model, which substantiates the effectiveness and reliability of the autoregressive distributed lag model. The information base of the study was the statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria. The results of empirical estimations in the short term showed that domestic savings had significant and negative impact on gross domestic product. The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that foreign investment, domestic savings, government spending and market capitalization determine long-term trends in gross domestic product formation in Nigeria. Practically, the empirical result revealed that the presence of a significant deficit of domestic savings in Nigeria creates obstacles to successful economic growth in the country both in the short and long term; portfolio foreign investment accelerates economic growth in the long run to a greater extent than in the short run. Keywords: autoregressive distributed model, Dickie-Fuller test, economic growth, foreign investment, double gap theory.

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis of the Link between Economic Growth and Exports in Côte d’Ivoire

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Daouda Coulibaly ◽  
Fulgence Zran Goueu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to analyze the relationship between exports and economic growth in Côte d’Ivoire. In order to achieve this objective, annual data for the period 1960-2017 were tested by using the cointegration approach of Pesaran, Shin and Smith, including the causality test of Breitung and Schreiber. According to our analysis it is only exports that drive economic growth and not the opposite. Exports act positively and significantly on economic growth in the short term as well as in the long term. The causality test of Breitung and schreiber indicates a one-way long-run causal relationship ranging from exports to gross domestic product (GDP). All those results show that exports are a source of Ivorian economic growth.

scholarly journals Research on the Impact of International Oil Prices on the Economy of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Jiuxia Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Income Determination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In the process of Russian economic development, the oil industry is one of the important pillar industries. More than 50% of the total revenue of the Russian government comes from the oil and gas industry. Oil and oil products exports account for about 56.9% of Russia’s total export[1]. So Russia’s economy is inextricably linked to oil prices. Rosneft’s role in budgetary revenue sources is growing. In the development of the world economy, the change of international oil price affects the development of the Russian economy. This paper reviews the relevant theories about the relationship between oil price and Russia’s economic growth. Besides, the short-term and long-term effects of oil price fluctuation on Russian economy are analyzed with Keynes’s income determination theory and “resource Curse” theory[2] respectively. In addition, the granger causality test is used to analyze the relationship between the fluctuation of oil price and the change of Russian GDP. The following conclusions are drawn from the analysis. Firstly, oil price rise is beneficial to Russian economic growth in the short term, but will hinder Russia’s economic long-term development. Secondly, the fluctuation of oil price is the granger cause of the change of Russian GDP. However, the change of Russian GDP is not the granger cause of the fluctuation of oil price.

scholarly journals GASTO PÚBLICO Y CRECIMIENTO EN AMÉRICA LATINA: LA LEY DE WAGNER Y LA HIPÓTESIS DE KEYNES

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (316) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Eduardo Ramírez Cedillo ◽  
Francisco López Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Subject ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American Countries

<p>Se analiza la relación del crecimiento económico con el gasto público de 16 países latinoamericanos de 1990 a 2017. Este trabajo contribuye a la literatura sobre el tema enfocándose en la región. Los resultados de un modelo para paneles cointegrados respaldan la ley de Wagner en el largo plazo y brindan evidencia parcial a favor de las hipótesis de Keynes en el corto plazo.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p align="center">PUBLIC SPENDING AND GROWTH IN LATIN AMERICA:</p><p align="center">WAGNER´S LAW AND KEYNES’S HYPOTHESIS<strong></strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The relationship between economic growth and public spending in 16 Latin American countries from 1990 to 2017 is analyzed. This paper contributes to the literature on the subject focusing on the region. The results from a model of cointegrated panels support Wagner’s Law in the long term and provides partial evidence in favor of the Keynesian hypotheses in the short term.</p>

Agents never become stewards: explaining the lack of innovation in public–private partnerships

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Parrado ◽  
Anne-Marie Reynaers
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Collaborative Environment ◽  
Design Build ◽  
Actual Contribution ◽  
The Relationship

Design–Build–Finance–Maintain–Operate contracts, as a specific public–private partnership, supposedly provide opportunities for innovation due to the long-term perspective, the use of output specifications and the collaborative environment. The literature suggests that the dynamics between procurers and consortia influence the actual contribution of these conditions to innovative practices. We therefore assess in three cases in the Netherlands and Spain how and to what extent the relationship between procurers and consortia affect these three conditions and therewith the possibilities for realising innovation and for capturing economic and social value. Findings show that the potential of Design–Build–Finance–Maintain–Operate contracts for innovation is hampered because procurers and consortia behave like principals and agents who distrust each other and who let short-term self-interested goals prevail over long-term pro-organisational goals. The cases have shown that the limited realisation of innovation and less-than-expected value generation seem to be due to the absence of a clear scheme that allows for capturing value. Points for practitioners • Potential innovation in Design–Build–Finance–Maintain–Operate contracts is restricted to the building of the infrastructure and the early operational phases of the contract because renegotiation clauses are normally too rigid. •   An adequate system to work out financial risks that create economic value for the contractor are needed to produce social value through innovation. • The contract needs to work out a ‘binding’ collaboration scheme among the consortium members to reap the benefits of innovation.

scholarly journals Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in European Countries: Evidence from Dynamic Panel Data Analysis

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3565
Author(s):  
Łukasz Topolewski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Panel Models ◽  
Dynamic Panel Models ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the article is to empirically verify the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. The time scope of this study covers the period of 2008–2019. The scope of analyzed subjects covers 34 European countries, 27 of which are currently members of the European Union. European countries consume large amounts of energy, so it is worth investigating the effect of reducing energy consumption on the process of economic growth. For this purpose, dynamic panel models were used. The research methods included the use of dynamic panel models, taking into account the Arellano and Bond and Blundell and Bond estimators. The results made it possible to identify the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. It was found that, in the short term, increases in production will result in a statistically significant increase in energy consumption. Importantly, in the long term, this impact is also statistically significant and positive. On the other hand, taking into account the second of the estimated models, it can be concluded that, in the short term, increases in energy consumption do not cause changes in the rate of economic growth. The verification of this relationship in the long term also does not confirm it. In summary, it can be stated that a one-way relationship (in the short and in the long term), directed from economic growth towards energy consumption, was identified.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Economic Liberalisation and Growth for the Central Asian Republics

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekrem Erdem ◽  
Oğuzhan Türker
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Central Asian Republics ◽  
Growth Economic ◽  
Business Freedom

With the increase in globalization, the liberalisation tendencies have appeared on countries’ economic policies as well as at other areas. The countries have performed liberalisation in almost all the areas of economy by increasing their economic growth. Economic liberalisation movements have especially intensified on foreign trade and finance. The aim of this paper is to exhibit the relationship between economic liberalisation and economic growth for the Central Asian Republics. There are few studies that examine the relationship between economic liberalisation and growth for the Central Asian Republics. In this paper, the relationship between economic liberalisation and economic growth has been tested for 1998-2011 period on the six Central Asian Republics which are Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Nine variables about economic liberalisation have been taken into account in the analysis. We reached two main results. Firstly, the countries have high index scores in terms of business freedom, trade freedom, fiscal freedom, government size and monetary freedom, while they have low index scores in terms of investment freedom, financial freedom, property rights, freedom from corruption. Secondly, there is no long-term relationship between economic freedom and growth for all countries. The available relations that we found out are short-term character.

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