scholarly journals Diversity of the Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase Gene (fhs), a Key Enzyme for Reductive Acetogenesis, in the Bovine Rumen

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 3273-3276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki MATSUI ◽  
Noriko KOJIMA ◽  
Kiyoshi TAJIMA
Keyword(s):  
Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
Key Enzyme

Investigation of the diversity of homoacetogenic bacteria in mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic sludges using the formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase gene

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ryan ◽  
C. Forbes ◽  
E. Colleran
Keyword(s):  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Heterotrophic Growth ◽  
Autotrophic Growth ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase ◽  
Homoacetogenic Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Acetyl Coa Pathway

Homoacetogenic bacteria are strict anaerobes capable of autotrophic growth on H2/CO2 or CO, and of heterotrophic growth on a wide range of sugars, alcohols, methoxylated aromatic compounds and one carbon compounds, yielding acetate as their sole metabolic end-product. Batch activity tests on anaerobic granular sludge, using H2/CO2 as a substrate and 2-bromoethanesulfonate (BES) as a specific methanogenic inhibitor revealed that H2/CO2 conversion and concomitant acetate production commenced only after a lag period of 60–100 h. This finding suggests that the homoacetogenic population of digester sludge could be maintained by heterotrophic growth on sugars or other organic compounds, rather than by autotrophic growth on H2/CO2. In the present study, two upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors were operated at 37°C and 55°C for two distinct trial periods, each characterised by the application of influents designed to enrich for homoacetogenic bacteria. Specific primers designed for the amplification of the functional gene encoding formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS), a key enzyme in the acetyl-CoA pathway of acetogenesis, were used as a specific probe for acetogenic bacteria. The diversity of acetogens in the granular sludge cultivated in each reactor was revealed by application of FTHFS targeted PCR. Results show that biomass acetogenic composition was dependent upon the operational temperature of the reactor and the substrate supplied as influent.

scholarly journals AcetoBase: a functional gene repository and database for formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase sequences

Database ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Singh ◽  
Bettina Müller ◽  
Hans-Henrik Fuxelius ◽  
Anna Schnürer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Acetogenic Bacteria ◽  
Blast Database ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Chemolithoautotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

Abstract Acetogenic bacteria are imperative to environmental carbon cycling and diverse biotechnological applications, but their extensive physiological and taxonomical diversity is an impediment to systematic taxonomic studies. Acetogens are chemolithoautotrophic bacteria that perform reductive carbon fixation under anaerobic conditions through the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway (WLP)/acetyl-coenzyme A pathway. The gene-encoding formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS), a key enzyme of this pathway, is highly conserved and can be used as a molecular marker to probe acetogenic communities. However, there is a lack of systematic collection of FTHFS sequence data at nucleotide and protein levels. In an attempt to streamline investigations on acetogens, we developed AcetoBase - a repository and database for systematically collecting and organizing information related to FTHFS sequences. AcetoBase also provides an opportunity to submit data and obtain accession numbers, perform homology searches for sequence identification and access a customized blast database of submitted sequences. AcetoBase provides the prospect to identify potential acetogenic bacteria, based on metadata information related to genome content and the WLP, supplemented with FTHFS sequence accessions, and can be an important tool in the study of acetogenic communities. AcetoBase can be publicly accessed at https://acetobase.molbio.slu.se.

scholarly journals Presence of Novel, Potentially Homoacetogenic Bacteria in the Rumen as Determined by Analysis of Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase Sequences from Ruminants

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 2058-2066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Henderson ◽  
Graham E. Naylor ◽  
Sinead C. Leahy ◽  
Peter H. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Conserved Residues ◽  
Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase ◽  
Full Diversity ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Key Enzyme

ABSTRACT Homoacetogens produce acetate from H2 and CO2 via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Some homoacetogens have been isolated from the rumen, but these organisms are expected to be only part of the full diversity present. To survey the presence of rumen homoacetogens, we analyzed sequences of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS), a key enzyme of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. A total of 275 partial sequences of genes encoding FTHFS were PCR amplified from rumen contents of a cow, two sheep, and a deer. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using these FTHFS gene sequences and the translated amino acid sequences, together with other sequences from public databases and from novel nonhomoacetogenic bacteria isolated from the rumen. Over 90% of the FTHFS sequences fell into 34 clusters defined with good bootstrap support. Few rumen-derived FTHFS sequences clustered with sequences of known homoacetogens. Conserved residues were identified in the deduced FTHFS amino acid sequences from known homoacetogens, and their presence in the other sequences was used to determine a “homoacetogen similarity” (HS) score. A homoacetogen FTHFS profile hidden Markov model (HoF-HMM) was used to assess the homology of rumen and homoacetogen FTHFS sequences. Many clusters had low HS scores and HoF-HMM matches, raising doubts about whether the sequences originated from homoacetogens. In keeping with these findings, FTHFS sequences from nonhomoacetogenic bacterial isolates grouped in these clusters with low scores. However, sequences that formed 10 clusters containing no known isolates but representing 15% of our FTHFS sequences from rumen samples had high HS scores and HoF-HMM matches and so could represent novel homoacetogens.

scholarly journals Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase Gene Diversity in the Guts of Higher Termites with Different Diets and Lifestyles

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 3461-3467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Ottesen ◽  
Jared R. Leadbetter
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Termite Gut ◽  
Key Enzyme

ABSTRACTIn this study, we examine gene diversity for formyl-tetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS), a key enzyme in homoacetogenesis, recovered from the gut microbiota of six species of higher termites. The “higher” termites (familyTermitidae), which represent the majority of extant termite species and genera, engage in a broader diversity of feeding and nesting styles than the “lower” termites. Previous studies of termite gut homoacetogenesis have focused on wood-feeding lower termites, from which the preponderance of FTHFS sequences recovered were related to those from acetogenic treponemes. While sequences belonging to this group were present in the guts of all six higher termites examined, treponeme-like FTHFS sequences represented the majority of recovered sequences in only two species (a wood-feedingNasutitermessp. and a palm-feedingMicrocerotermessp.). The remaining four termite species analyzed (aGnathamitermessp. and twoAmitermesspp. that were recovered from subterranean nests with indeterminate feeding strategies and a litter-feedingRhynchotermessp.) yielded novel FTHFS clades not observed in lower termites. These termites yielded two distinct clusters of probable purinolyticFirmicutesand a large group of potential homoacetogens related to sequences previously recovered from the guts of omnivorous cockroaches. These findings suggest that the gut environments of different higher termite species may select for different groups of homoacetogens, with some species hosting treponeme-dominated homoacetogen populations similar to those of wood-feeding, lower termites while others hostFirmicutes-dominated communities more similar to those of omnivorous cockroaches.

Effect of bromochloromethane and fumarate on phylogenetic diversity of the formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase gene in bovine rumen

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Mitsumori ◽  
Hiroki Matsui ◽  
Kiyoshi Tajima ◽  
Takumi Shinkai ◽  
Akio Takenaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase ◽  
Bovine Rumen

scholarly journals Functional Gene Analysis Suggests Different Acetogen Populations in the Bovine Rumen and Tammar Wallaby Forestomach

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (23) ◽  
pp. 7785-7795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma J. Gagen ◽  
Stuart E. Denman ◽  
Jagadish Padmanabha ◽  
Someshwar Zadbuke ◽  
Rafat Al Jassim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Functional Gene ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Acetyl Coa Pathway ◽  
Functional Gene Analysis

ABSTRACT Reductive acetogenesis via the acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) pathway is an alternative hydrogen sink to methanogenesis in the rumen. Functional gene-based analysis is the ideal approach for investigating organisms capable of this metabolism (acetogens). However, existing tools targeting the formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase gene (fhs) are compromised by lack of specificity due to the involvement of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS) in other pathways. Acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS) is unique to the acetyl-CoA pathway and, in the present study, acetyl-CoA synthase genes (acsB) were recovered from a range of acetogens to facilitate the design of acsB-specific PCR primers. fhs and acsB libraries were used to examine acetogen diversity in the bovine rumen and forestomach of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), a native Australian marsupial demonstrating foregut fermentation analogous to rumen fermentation but resulting in lower methane emissions. Novel, deduced amino acid sequences of acsB and fhs affiliated with the Lachnospiraceae in both ecosystems and the Ruminococcaeae/Blautia group in the rumen. FTHFS sequences that probably originated from nonacetogens were identified by low “homoacetogen similarity” scores based on analysis of FTHFS residues, and comprised a large proportion of FTHFS sequences from the tammar wallaby forestomach. A diversity of FTHFS and ACS sequences in both ecosystems clustered between the Lachnospiraceae and Clostridiaceae acetogens but without close sequences from cultured isolates. These sequences probably originated from novel acetogens. The community structures of the acsB and fhs libraries from the rumen and the tammar wallaby forestomach were different (LIBSHUFF, P < 0.001), and these differences may have significance for overall hydrogenotrophy in both ecosystems.

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

Expression of the key enzyme gene of the proteolytic system inLacbobacillus bulgaricus

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuge Cao ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
Juncai Hou ◽  
Yueou Du ◽  
Weiwei Han
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic System ◽  
Enzyme Gene ◽  
Key Enzyme
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