Uncoupling of Longevity and Paraquat Resistance in Mutants of the NematodeCaenorhabditis elegans

2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2015-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michihiko FUJII ◽  
Nanae TANAKA ◽  
Kensuke MIKI ◽  
Mohammad Nazir HOSSAIN ◽  
Morio ENDOH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paraquat Resistance

Paraquat resistance in a Lolium rigidum population is governed by one major nuclear gene

2009 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 1601-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Yu ◽  
Heping Han ◽  
Linh Nguyen ◽  
John W. Forster ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Paraquat Resistance

SENSITIVITY AND ADAPTATION OF SELECTED RHIZOBIA AND AGROBACTERIA TO PARAQUAT

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. ROSLYCKY
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Plant Symbiont ◽  
Paraquat Resistance ◽  
Rhizobium Lupini ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Slow Growing

Sensitivity to paraquat as function of growth varied considerably among 15 rhizobia from seven cross-inoculation groups and 13 agrobacteria from five different species. No relationship was evident between the sensitivity and the "fast-growing" or the "slow-growing" characteristics among the rhizobia. The agrobacteria were uniformly less sensitive. Maximum stabilized paraquat resistance induced by the adptations ranged from 200 μg paraquat∙mL−1 in Rhizobium lupini 112, to 20 000 μg paraquat∙mL−1 in Agrobacterium radiobacter R-590 and A. tumefaciens A6-K1. No relationship was found between the sensitivity and the adaptability. Identical lytic patterns with six bacteriophages confirmed the relationship between the adapted and parent cultures suggesting no genetic effect of paraquat on susceptibility to lysis. The bacteria-plant symbiont interaction, including nodulation, plant weight, vigor and color, was unaffected by the adaptations to paraquat resistance. Similarly, the adaptations exerted no effect on tumorigenicity of A. tumefaciens A6-K1. Key words: Rhizobia, agrobacteria, adaptation, herbicides, paraquat, N2-fixation

Sumatran Fleabane (Erigeron sumatrensis) Resistant to PSI-Inhibitor Herbicides and Physiological Responses to Paraquat

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Jéssica F. L. Leal ◽  
Amanda dos S. Souza ◽  
Junior Borella ◽  
André Lucas S. Araujo ◽  
Ana Claudia Langaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Fast Recovery ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Paraquat Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides

Abstract Herbicide-resistant weed management is one of the greatest agricultural challenges in crop production. Thus, the quick identification of resistant-herbicide weeds is extremely important for management. This study aimed to evaluate resistance to PSI-inhibitor herbicides (diquat) of Sumatran Fleabane [(Erigeron sumatrensis (Retz.) E.Walker)] and physiological response to paraquat application. The research was conducted with two E. sumatrensis biotypes, one susceptible and the other with multiple resistance to herbicides from five different modes of action (glyphosate, paraquat, diuron, saflufenacil, and 2,4-D). A dose-response assay was carried out to evaluate herbicide resistance to diquat in paraquat-resistant E. sumatrensis biotype. The enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured in both biotypes after paraquat (400 g ai ha−1) application. The dose-response assay confirmed resistance of E. sumatrensis to diquat with resistance factor levels of 26-fold and 6-fold for LD50 and GR50 values, respectively, compared with the susceptible biotype. The accumulation of H2O2 occurred faster in the paraquat-susceptible biotype than in the resistant ones. Paraquat treatment caused an increase in SOD and APX activity in the susceptible biotype, but antioxidant enzyme activities were unaffected by paraquat in the resistant one at 5 hours after application (HAA). Chlorophyll a fluorescence increased along the first 4 HAA in both resistant and susceptible biotypes. However, at 24 HAA the resistant biotype showed a decline in fluorescence close to untreated plants while susceptible one died, which can be used to diagnose paraquat resistance at 24 HAA. There is confirmed resistance to diquat in a paraquat-resistant E. sumatrensis biotype. The paraquat-resistant biotype does not induce antioxidative enzymes, as a possible mechanism of resistance to paraquat, but shows a fast recovery of photosynthesis and continuous growth when subjected to paraquat, while the paraquat-susceptible biotype does not survive.

Paraquat Resistance of Weeds - the Case of Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Szigeti ◽  
Ilona Rácz ◽  
Demeter Lásztity
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
General Stress Response ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System ◽  
Paraquat Resistance ◽  
Polyamine Content ◽  
Inducible Protein ◽  
Inactive Cell

The paper gives an overview of literature on paraquat resistance of weeds and the proposed mechanism of resistance. New results we achieved on horseweed ( Conyza canadensis /L./, Cronq.) are discussed in detail. It was demonstrated that there is no significant constitutive difference related to the paraquat resistance between untreated susceptible and paraquat-resistant horseweed plants. The lower sensitivity of flowering resistant plants may be due to the fact that paraquat content in treated leaves of flowering resistant plants was only 25% as compared to those measured at rosette stage. Our results confirm that paraquat resistance is not based on elevated level and activity of antioxidant enzyme system. The hypothesized role of polyamines in the resistance mechanisms can be excluded. The higher putrescine and total polyamine content of paraquat treated resistant leaves can rather be regarded as a general stress response, than as a symptom of paraquat resistance. A paraquat-inducible protein is supposed to play a role in the resistance, which presumably functions by binding paraquat to an inactivating site and/ or by carrying paraquat to metabolically inactive cell compartment (vacuole, cell wall). From model experiments it is concluded that paraquat and diquat preferentially form hydrophylic interactions with proteins containing a higher amount of lysine and glutamic acid. Consequently, the reason for paraquat resistance in horseweed is probably a hydrophylic interaction of paraquat with a protein, leading to inactivation of paraquat through forming a conjugate and/or sequestration into the vacuole or the cell wall.

Dominant pleiotropy controls enzymes co-segregating with paraquat resistance in Conyza bonariensis

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shaaltiel ◽  
N. -H. Chua ◽  
S. Gepstein ◽  
J. Gressel
Keyword(s):  
Conyza Bonariensis ◽  
Paraquat Resistance

Sequestration and Oxygen Radical Detoxification as Mechanisms of Paraquat Resistance

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Hart ◽  
Joseph M. Di Tomaso
Keyword(s):  
Active Oxygen Species ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Oxygen Radical ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Chloroplast Envelope ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Paraquat Resistance ◽  
Plant Cell Membranes ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes

Evidence in the literature has generally supported either of two paraquat resistance mechanisms: an increase in activity of oxygen radical-scavenging enzymes in resistant plants which affords protection from active oxygen species formed by paraquat; and sequestration of paraquat away from its site of action in the chloroplast. Evidence for the first model relies primarily on measurement of increased enzyme activity and cross-resistance to other oxygen radical-generating stresses in resistant plants. The sequestration model is supported by data showing decreased translocation of paraquat and absence of paraquat injury in plant systems that do not have increased levels of protective enzymes. An alteration in paraquat transport at one of several plant cell membranes could confer resistance by modifying movement of paraquat into the compartment bounded by that membrane. Properties of the plasmalemma, chloroplast envelope, and tonoplast that may be important to paraquat transport are discussed and data supporting or discounting specific membrane alterations in resistant plants are presented. Finally, the possibility that both mechanisms may work in concert is addressed.

Evaluation of Paraquat Resistance Mechanisms in Conyza

1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Norman ◽  
E.P. Fuerst ◽  
R.J. Smeda ◽  
K.C. Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Paraquat Resistance

A gain-of-function mutation of the MATE family transporter DTX6 confers paraquat resistance in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Qiu Xia ◽  
Tahmina Nazish ◽  
Ayesha Javaid ◽  
Mohsin Ali ◽  
Qian-Qian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gain Of Function ◽  
Paraquat Resistance
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