Retinoic Acid Improves a Hybridoma Culture in a Fructose-Based Medium by Up-Regulation of Fructose IncorporationviaRetinoid Nuclear Receptors

Objective — to study the modern classification, mechanisms of action and clinical effects of vitamin A derivatives, to analyze retinoid for local treatment of various dermatoses with a universal mechanism of action at the epidermis and dermis levels. Materials and methods. A review of the literature and an analysis of the results of international clinical trials of drugs based on the natural retinoid of the first generation — tretinoin (retinoic acid) is presented. The works of dozens of authors since 1980s to the present day are analyzed. Most sources provide detailed information on the results of topical retinoids in acne therapy, which are the base of clinical guidelines. Long-term (6 months or more) studies of retinoic acid-based preparations carried out in recent decades have discovered the unique clinical effects of tretinoin in the treatment of skin photoaging, actinic keratosis, etc. They are achieved due to the effect of tretinoid on the nuclear receptors of keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Results and discussion. The molecular mechanisms of action of retinoic acid, realizing the cellular and tissue effects of the most studied retinoid, are systematized and grouped in a single review. It has been proven that a unique feature of tretinin is its ability to activate directly all subtypes of RARs- and, indirectly, RARs-nuclear receptors of skin cells. A new modern drug for external use is presented — AltrenoТМ lotion containing micronized 0.05 % tretinoin in combination with sodium hyaluronate, soluble collagen and glycerin. This combination exhibits the expected clinical efficacy in acne therapy and prevents side effects such as dryness, redness and exfoliation. AltrenoТМ is approved for use in children of 9 years of age and older. Conclusions. Tretinoin (retinoic acid) is a modern powerful retinoid with a universal mechanism of action, recommended for the treatment of acne.

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The Family of Retinoic Acid Nuclear Receptors

Retinoids: 10 Years On ◽

10.1159/000420323 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 10-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

P. Chambon ◽

A. Zelent ◽

M. Petkovich ◽

C. Mendelsohn ◽

P. Leroy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retinoic Acid ◽

Nuclear Receptors ◽

The Family

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Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Embryonic Stem Cells: Crosstalk with the Retinoic Acid Pathway

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21238945 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (23) ◽

pp. 8945

Author(s):

Mercedes Fernández ◽

Micaela Pannella ◽

Vito Antonio Baldassarro ◽

Alessandra Flagelli ◽

Giuseppe Alastra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Retinoic Acid ◽

Embryonic Stem Cells ◽

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Nuclear Receptors ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Embryoid Bodies ◽

Postnatal Life ◽

Gene And Protein Expression

While the role of thyroid hormones (THs) during fetal and postnatal life is well-established, their role at preimplantation and during blastocyst development remains unclear. In this study, we used an embryonic stem cell line isolated from rat (RESC) to study the effects of THs and retinoic acid (RA) on early embryonic development during the pre-implantation stage. The results showed that THs play an important role in the differentiation/maturation processes of cells obtained from embryoid bodies (EB), with thyroid hormone nuclear receptors (TR) (TRα and TRβ), metabolic enzymes (deiodinases 1, 2, 3) and membrane transporters (Monocarboxylate transporters -MCT- 8 and 10) being expressed throughout in vitro differentiation until the Embryoid body (EB) stage. Moreover, thyroid hormone receptor antagonist TR (1-850) impaired RA-induced neuroectodermal lineage specification. This effect was significantly higher when cells were treated with retinoic acid (RA) to induce neuroectodermal lineage, studied through the gene and protein expression of nestin, an undifferentiated progenitor marker from the neuroectoderm lineage, as established by nestin mRNA and protein regulation. These results demonstrate the contribution of the two nuclear receptors, TR and RA, to the process of neuroectoderm maturation of the in vitro model embryonic stem cells obtained from rat.

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A human retinoic acid receptor which belongs to the family of nuclear receptors

Nature ◽

10.1038/330444a0 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 330 (6147) ◽

pp. 444-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 1397

Author(s):

Martin Petkovich ◽

Nigel J. Brand ◽

Andrée Krust ◽

Pierre Chambon

Keyword(s):

Retinoic Acid ◽

Nuclear Receptors ◽

Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽

Acid Receptor ◽

The Family

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A diet rich in coconut oil decreases the expression of retinoic acid and triiodothyronine nuclear receptors in rat liver

Nutrition Research ◽

10.1016/s0271-5317(98)00133-x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 1595-1604 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stéphane Bonilla ◽

Catherine Noël-Suberville ◽

Maria Puy-Portillo ◽

Edurne Simon ◽

Antonio Del Barrio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retinoic Acid ◽

Nuclear Receptors ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Coconut Oil

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Meiosis occurs normally in the fetal ovary of mice lacking all retinoic acid receptors

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.aaz1139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (21) ◽

pp. eaaz1139

Author(s):

Nadège Vernet ◽

Diana Condrea ◽

Chloé Mayere ◽

Betty Féret ◽

Muriel Klopfenstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retinoic Acid ◽

Nuclear Receptors ◽

Current Model ◽

Retinoic Acid Receptors ◽

Null Alleles ◽

Fetal Life ◽

Adult Recipient ◽

Molecular Signal ◽

Fetal Ovary ◽

Meiotic Initiation

Gametes are generated through a specialized cell differentiation process, meiosis, which, in ovaries of most mammals, is initiated during fetal life. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is considered as the molecular signal triggering meiosis initiation. In the present study, we analyzed female fetuses ubiquitously lacking all ATRA nuclear receptors (RAR), obtained through a tamoxifen-inducible cre recombinase-mediated gene targeting approach. Unexpectedly, mutant oocytes robustly expressed meiotic genes, including the meiotic gatekeeper STRA8. In addition, ovaries from mutant fetuses grafted into adult recipient females yielded offspring bearing null alleles for all Rar genes. Thus, our results show that RAR are fully dispensable for meiotic initiation, as well as for the production of functional oocytes. Assuming that the effects of ATRA all rely on RAR, our study goes against the current model according to which meiosis is triggered by endogenous ATRA in the developing ovary. It therefore revives the search for the meiosis-inducing substance.

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The Role of Transcriptional Coactivator TRAP220/MED1 in Nuclear Receptor-Mediated Myelomonocytic Differentiation.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v106.11.2727.2727 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 106 (11) ◽

pp. 2727-2727

Author(s):

Mitsuhiro Ito ◽

Norinaga Urahama ◽

Akiko Sada ◽

Kimikazu Yakushijin ◽

Katsuya Yamamoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retinoic Acid ◽

Nuclear Receptors ◽

Nuclear Receptor ◽

Precursor Cells ◽

Mediator Complex ◽

Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽

Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

Hematopoietic Precursor

Abstract The TRAP/Mediator complex, the metazoan counterpart of the yeast Mediator complex, is master transcriptional regulatory complex composed of approximately 30 subunits. It was originally isolated as a thyroid hormone receptor (TR)-associated protein (TRAP) complex that mediates TR-activated transcription from DNA templates in vitro and probably acts in vivo after the action of other receptor-interacting coactivators involved in chromatin remodeling. The TRAP220/MED1 subunit of the TRAP/Mediator complex is proposed to act on a variety of major and specific biological events, including growth, differentiation and homeostasis, through physical interaction with nuclear receptors. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR), coupled with retinoid X receptor (RXR), are nuclear receptors which have important roles for monopoiesis and granulopoiesis, respectively. In this study, we present the functional role of TRAP220/MED1 in nuclear receptor-mediated monopoiesis and granulopoiesis. Since TRAP220 knockout (Trap220-/-) mice were mortalities during the early embryonic period before definitive hematopoiesis within the hepatic primordia becomes dominant, the function of TRAP220/MED1 in adult hematopoiesis was mostly unknown. However, these embryos appeared to have normal composition of nucleated erythroid cells. Therefore, the E9.0 yolk sac-derived hematopoietic precursor cells were used to differentiate into definitive hematopoietic colony forming units within the methylcellulose blood cell culture. The number of monocytic colonies (CFU-M) was significantly lower in knockouts than in wild type controls, while the numbers of other types of colonies (CFU-GEMM, CFU-GM, CFU-G and CFU-E) were comparable. Hence, TRAP220/MED1 appeared to be indispensable for optimal monocytic differentiation. Next, the HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells were used to elucidate directly and mechanistically the roles of TRAP220/MED1 in RAR- and VDR-dependent differentiation of the hematopoietic precursor cells into granulocytic and monocytic lineage cells. The expression of the TRAP220/MED1 subunit as well as other TRAP/Mediator subunits was induced when the cells were treated with their ligands, all-trans retinoic acid and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Flow cytometric analyses showed that HL-60 cells, wherein TRAP220/MED1 was down-regulated, did not differentiate efficiently into monocytes and granulocytes by stimulation with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and all-trans retinoic acid, correspondingly. The expression of direct target genes of VDR or RAR, as well as the differentiation marker genes, was low in the knockdown cells by stimulation with these ligands. In contrast, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)- and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO)-mediated monocytic and myeloid differentiation, which bypasses nuclear receptor-mediated signaling pathways, was not affected in knockdown cells. Collectively, these results indicated an indispensable role of TRAP220/MED1 in the optimal VDR- and RAR-mediated myelomonocytic differentiation processes in mammalian hematopoiesis.

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