scholarly journals Persistent Chromosome Aberrations in the Somatic Cells of A-bomb Survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki

1991 ◽  
Vol 32 (SUPPLEMENT) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIO A. AWA
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Somatic Cells

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OBSERVED IN MAMMALS MAINTAINED IN AN AREA OF VERY HIGH NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Léonard ◽  
M. Delpoux ◽  
J. Chameaud ◽  
G. Decat ◽  
E. D. Léonard
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Natural Radiation ◽  
Radon Exposure ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
A Site ◽  
Very High

Male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were maintained for a 28-month period on the floor of a hut built at a site in southwestern France where the dose rate from natural radioactivity amounts to about 8 mrad/h. Male and female BALB/c mice (Mus musculus) were also placed in the hut during the summer period. The observations performed on those animals demonstrate that exposure to high natural radiation can increase the frequency of chromosome aberrations in somatic cells and indicate also that fertility in males and females is affected in an inverse manner. Model experiments with radon exposure of laboratory rabbits under controlled conditions have shown that the chromosome aberrations observed in somatic cells are not due to the radon exposure but essentially to gamma irradiation.

3-D examination of the cytoskeletal sheets of mammalian eggs

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 914-915
Author(s):  
Carolyn A. Larabell ◽  
David G. Capco ◽  
G. Ian Gallicano ◽  
Robert W. McGaughey ◽  
Karsten Dierksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Cell Cytoplasm ◽  
Planar Structures ◽  
Cytoskeletal Network ◽  
Entire Cell ◽  
Cytoskeletal Networks ◽  
Mammalian Eggs

Mammalian eggs and embryos contain an elaborate cytoskeletal network of “sheets” which are distributed throughout the entire cell cytoplasm. Cytoskeletal sheets are long, planar structures unlike the cytoskeletal networks typical of somatic cells (actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments), which are filamentous. These sheets are not found in mammalian somatic cells nor are they found in nonmammalian eggs or embryos. Evidence that they are, indeed, cytoskeletal in nature is derived from studies demonstrating that 1) the sheets are retained in the detergent-resistant cytoskeleton fraction; 2) there are no associated membranes (determined by freeze-fracture); and 3) the sheets dissociate into filaments at the blastocyst stage of embryogenesis. Embedment-free sections of hamster eggs viewed at 60 kV show sheets running across the egg cytoplasm (Fig. 1). Although this approach provides excellent global views of the sheets and their reorganization during development, the mechanism of image formation for embedment-free sections does not permit evaluation of the sheets at high resolution.

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