scholarly journals Aspects of divergence in the Euro Area

2020 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Nicos Christodoulakis
Keyword(s):  
Euro Area ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Common Currency ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Convergence Process ◽  
Quality Of Institutions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Per Capita

The paper examines how the convergence process between the less and the more developed members of the Euro Area weakened significantly after the circulation of the common currency, and subsequently reversed course in the postcrisis recession. The front-loaded consolidation programs that followed the bailouts in the over-indebted economies caused asymmetric losses in per capita income in the peripheral countries and led to further North-South polarization. The paper identifies public indebtedness, quality of institutions and capital formation as the areas where divergences are more pronounced and suggests that policy initiatives to encourage more investment and a faster institutional assimilation are needed for the convergence process in the Euro Area to take off again.

Role of economic reforms on dismantling barriers to inter-state migration in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Sunetra Ghatak ◽  
Debajit Jha
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
The Common ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Linguistic Divide ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inter State

Traditionally inter-state migration in India was limited compared to within state migration. Economic reforms in the early 1990s have boosted inter-state migration in the country. Hence, it is important to understand the impact of economic reforms on the determinants of inter-state migration. Recent studies have identified that state border; linguistic divide and per capita income play an important role in determining the location of inter-state migration in India. In this paper, we tried to understand the impact of economic reforms on the choice of the location of inter-state migration in the country by using a gravity model framework. We found that while the impact of per capita income difference has increased in the post-reform period, the impact of the common-border has declined. Moreover, the impact of the linguistic divide has initially increased after reforms.

scholarly journals Food insecurity and overweight among government-backed economy restaurant workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Vieira de Lima COSTA ◽  
Paula Martins HORTA ◽  
Sabrina Alves RAMOS
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
The Body ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Belo Horizonte

Abstract Objective The objective was to analyze the occurrence and the associated factors with food insecurity and overweight among government-backed economy restaurant workers in one of the biggest cities in Brazil. Methods A sample comprised of 180 individuals and represented 76.0% of all economy restaurant workers in the city of Belo Horizonte. Food insecurity was identified through the Brazilian Food Security Scale, and excess weight was identified by the body mass index. Data collection included sociodemographic and occupational information, and also health and quality of life perception. Logistic regression models were applied to identify the association. Results Food insecurity and overweight prevalence levels were 24.0% and 66.7%, respectively. The odds of identifying food insecurity were 2.34 times higher among workers that perceived their quality of life to be regular/poor/very poor and 62.0% and 74.0% lower among workers from the 2nd and 3rd tertile of per capita income, respectively. Individuals ≥40 years old (Odds Ratio=2.69, Confidence Interval 95%:1.33-5.43) and food handlers (Odds Ratio=3.62, Confidence Interval 95%:1.68-7.81) had higher odds of being classified as overweight compared to reference categories. Workers with higher per capita income presented lower odds of being classified as overweight (Odds Ratio=0.40, Confidence Interval 95%:0.17-0,96). Conclusion It was evidenced an occurrence of overweight among government-backed economy restaurant workers, which was associated with age, income and job position. Food insecurity prevalence was associated with income and quality of life perception. Although the sample work in a food and nutritional security promotion program, it is necessary to recommend actions aimed at the promotion of healthy eating habits.

scholarly journals How Much Do Non-performing Institutions Cost?

2011 ◽  
pp. 41-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Akindinova ◽  
S. Aleksashenko ◽  
A. Petronevich ◽  
M. Petronevich
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Quality Of Institutions ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Common Notion ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

The primary goal of this paper is to confirm the existence of the links and receive the quantitative measurement of the correlation between the quality of institutions and dynamics of their development, on the one hand, and GDP growth, on the other. For this analysis the extended database consisting of basic macroeconomic indicators and indices of quality of institutions for 51 countries for the period 2001-2009 was used. This study provides quantitative support to the common notion that economic growth in the long run is affected by the quality of institutions. Though this numeric effect may be viewed as relatively small, in the medium run the accumulated gap in the growth rate caused by permanently lower quality of institutions can be substantial. Moreover, the radical improvement in the quality of institutions provides more significant, though not lasting, addition to the growth rate.

scholarly journals The Resilience of the Euro

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-22
Author(s):  
Philip R. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Risk Premia ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Common Currency ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Fiscal Capacity ◽  
The Common

Over 2014 – 2019, the euro area charted a substantial post-crisis economic recovery while also reducing macro-financial vulnerabilities. The array of post-crisis institutional reforms has improved the capacity of the euro area to withstand adverse shocks, even if the narrowing of imbalances also came at a high cost (especially in the most indebted member countries). The pandemic has provided a new test: the combination of a common central bank and the enlargement of the common fiscal capacity has provided substantial policy support and fostered a narrowing in risk premia, despite significant differences in levels of public debt and exposures to the pandemic shock. While the resilience of the euro is sure to be tested further in the coming years, the extent of the underlying political backing for the common currency should not be underestimated.

Convergence Aspect of Capital Formation

2016 ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Ray ◽  
Ramesh Chandra Das ◽  
Utpal Das
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Entire Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Cross

Empirical evidences on convergence or divergence of a group of economies or regions in most instances are based upon per capita income as the only determinant for discussion. As time goes on, there has been a lot of studies on the convergence or divergence of certain variables which are proxy to the income variable. The present chapter attempts to examine whether there is convergence or divergence in per capita gross capital formation across 37 countries for the period 1980-2013. The study observes that there is significant absolute ß and s convergence for the cross section of all the economies for the entire period. By segregating the entire data into the categories of developed and developing country, the study further observes significant s convergence in both the cases with no absolute ß convergence in either of the country categories.

scholarly journals ANALISIS POTENSI, REALISASI DAN KINERJA ORGANISASI PENGELOLA ZAKAT BAZNAS TULUNGAGUNG.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 42-64
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aswad ◽  
Mulia Ardi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
The Public ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
And Performance

This study aims to measure the potential, realization and performance of BAZNAS Tulungagung. The problem faced by OPZ has not been able to maximize its role as an institution that receives zakat from the community (muzaki), OPZ BAZNAS is demanded to be professional and build trust so that the public trusts and tithes to it. This study measures the nominal potential and the realization of zakat collected by BAZNAS Tulungagung. With descriptive qualitative methods and based on zakat data and analyzed data from BPS, it is found that Tulungagung Regency is an area with a Muslim population (98%) and economic growth of 5%, per capita income of 23 million rupiah, of course it is potential for collecting zakat funds. In this study, it was found that the zakat realization was Rp. 3.719.296.538, - from a potential of Rp. 153.772.822.140, ​​-. This can be analyzed because, (i) muzaki directly pays zakat to mustahik, (ii) muzaki's low trust in zakat management organizations, (iii) the utilization of zakat funds is not optimal, (iv) low understanding of zakat and (v) low quality of human resources (SDM) as amil zakat, the committees who organize zakat. Meanwhile, the distribution performance of BAZNAS Tulungagung is still dominated by charity patterns and partly empowerment in productive businesses.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL Σ-CONVERGENCE OF EXPORTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Pirimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Economic Convergence ◽  
Common Currency ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

The paper analyses the structural σ-convergence of exports of six CEE countries to the Euro area. The countries are Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia, and Slovenia, which are members of the Euro area, as well as Bulgaria, which was included in the ERM II currency mechanism on 10.07.2020. The main goals are to measure and compare the structural σ-convergence of exports of the six CEE countries and to prove whether the introduction of the common currency (the euro) has an impact on the convergence. The research consists of the theoretical and empirical parts. The theoretical part systematizes basic concepts of economic, trade, club, and structural convergence. One index method used by his authors to study economic convergence has been adapted to the structural σ-convergence of exports. This is the dissimilarity index of Von Hagen and Traistaru. In the empirical part, the values of the index, by commodity groups, according to SITС, Rev. 4, for the six countries during the period 2002-2018 are determined. The index is calculated also as aggregated, referring to the total exports of the selected countries and for the whole period. The results are presented in graphical form. Based on them, the structural and dynamic characteristics of the convergence and divergence of exports of the six countries compared to the exports of the Euro area are derived. Conclusions are made about achieved the different degree of similarity, that is uncertain and unstable and so the convergence can be only partially attributed to the adoption of the euro. Methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, methods of the empirical index, and comparative analysis are applied.

scholarly journals Towards a more resilient euro area

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Esther Gordo ◽  
Ivan Kataryniuk
Keyword(s):  
Euro Area ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Common Currency ◽  
Monetary Unions ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Currency Area ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lower Capacity

The euro area has shown lower capacity to resist shocks than other monetary unions, such as the US. One possible determinant is the lack of risk-sharing mechanisms. In this article, we estimate the risk-sharing capacity of the Euro Area according to the Asdrubali et al. (1996) methodology. The results show that the degree of risk-sharing is low in the euro area, in particular, due to underdeveloped capital markets and the lack of a central fiscal capacity. We suggest venues of reform to increase the economic resilience of the common currency area.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document