scholarly journals Determination of spray dates for the control of the first generation of Quadraspidiotus perniciosus in Northern Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Kyparissoudas
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Quadraspidiotus Perniciosus ◽  
San Jose Scale ◽  
Sticky Tape ◽  
The Relationship

During 1986-1988 the relationship between catches of San Jose scale (SJS), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), adult males in pheromone traps and crawlers on sticky-tape traps was studied as a basis of SJS crawler control in apple orchards of Northern Greece. Spring male flight began in mid-to late April and crawler emergence occurred in mid-to late May. Crawlers were active for a period of 6-7 weeks until early July. Peak crawler emergence occurred approximately 12 days after the first emergence, or 42 days after the first males were captured on pheromone traps. Because in our 3-year study the crawler emergence occurred 29-31 days or 191-202 day-degrees (base 10.5°C) after the capture of the first male, we conclude that a consistent time-relationship exists between the two events. Two insecticide treatments, one three days after the first crawler appearance and another 10 days later (near peak crawler activity), provided the best control against the first generation of scale.

scholarly journals Flight of San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus males and time of crawler appearance in orchards of northern Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Kyparissoudas
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Sex Pheromone Traps ◽  
Quadraspidiotus Perniciosus ◽  
San Jose Scale ◽  
Sticky Tape ◽  
June July ◽  
July August September

The seasonal flight of San Jose scale (SJS), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock, males was studied during 1984-1987 in peach and nectarine orchards, under two different climatic conditions in Central Macedonia (Northern Greece), using sex pheromone traps. In late-season regions there were three periods of male flight activity (May, July-August, September – October), while in early-season regions there was also a partial fourth one (mid April-May, mid June-July. August – mid September and late September – early November). In the latter regions these flights can be correlated with the appearance of the scale crawlers during three periods (late May – early July, mid July – August, September – October) and a partial fourth one (November) in milder years, as determined using the sticky-tape trap technique. Pheromone traps and sticky-tape traps can be used for the study of phenology of San Jose scale, under conditions prevailing in Northern Greece.

scholarly journals The occurrence of Encarsia perniciosi in areas of northern Greece as assessed by sex pheromone traps of its host Quadraspidiotus perniciosus

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Kyparissoudas
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Sex Pheromone Traps ◽  
Quadraspidiotus Perniciosus ◽  
San Jose Scale

During the 1982-1985 period the aphelinid endoparasite Encarsia perniciosi Tower was captured on synthetic pheromone traps of the San Jose scale (SJS), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock, in scale-infested insecticide treated and untreated orchards of Central and Western Macedonia (Northern Greece). It has expanded especially near the sites where it had been released, but also in areas 50-100 km from the point of release. The parasite in untreated orchards generally appeared from April to October, while in orchards treated with insecticides it was not caught after mid June. Spring flights of the parasite occurred on almost the same dates as the first captures of the male scale. Subsequent flights of E. perniciosi were not always synchronized with those of the male scale, and after the beginning of June the parasite showed a general decline throughout the remainder of each season. The pheromone of the scale insect acts as a kairomone to the parasite and it can be used in trapping systems in scale-infested orchards for the confirmation of the presence and the dis­tribution of E. perniciosi.

CHEMICAL CONTROL OF MALE SAN JOSE SCALE (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) IN APPLES, PEARS, AND PEACHES

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 827-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Rice ◽  
S. C. Hoyt ◽  
P. H. Westigard
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Quadraspidiotus Perniciosus ◽  
San Jose Scale ◽  
Laspeyresia Pomonella

AbstractChemical treatments to kill male San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), were applied to apples, pears, and peaches in Washington, Oregon, and California respectively. Dilute sprays of diazinon applied just prior to or at first emergence of overwintered males and 7 or 14 days thereafter were compared with normal sprays directed against scale crawlers. In all instances, treatments for male scale gave control equal to that provided by a single spray timed to control first generation crawlers.Although the male sprays were effective, they do not fit well into current pest management programs. Complications with the male sprays included timing that coincided with petal fall on earlier varieties or full bloom on later varieties with potential for kill of pollinators; possible disruption of adult predators stressed by overwintering, and russeting of Golden Delicious apples from immediate post-bloom sprays. In all three crops, post-bloom male sprays would also be an added seasonal treatment. Current practices utilize pre-bloom sprays, or combine scale crawler control with sprays for codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), peach twig borer, Anarsia lineateila Zeller, and/or mites in June.

Quadraspidiotus perniciosus. [Distribution map].

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quadraspidiotus Perniciosus ◽  
San Jose Scale ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) [Hemiptera: Diaspididae] San Jose scale, California scale Polyphagous, attacking most deciduous fruits (trees and shrubs) and a wide range of other trees and shrubs. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Austria, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, West Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, USSR, Azerbaijan SSR, Georgian SSR, Kazakh SSR, Moldavian SSR, Tadzhik SSR, Ukrainian SSR, Uzbek SSR, Russian SFSR, AFRICA, Algeria, Canary Islands, Madeira, Zaire, South Africa, Zimbabwe, ASIA, Afghanistan, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Jammu and Kashmir, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, Turkey, AUSTRALASIA, Australia, New Zealand, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Mexico, USA, CENTRAL AMERICA and CARIBBEAN, Cuba, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Grape Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) Biology and Management on Grapes

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donn T. Johnson ◽  
Barb A. Lewis ◽  
J. David Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
South Central ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Sticky Tape ◽  
And Control

Grape scale, Diaspidiotus uvae (Comstock), is a pest of grapes, Vitus spp., in the south-central United States. This study compared Julian days and cumulative degree-days (DD at base 10°C accumulated after 1 April) to grape scale biology and control in Arkansas. On the average, first generation crawlers began emerging 14 May (274 DD) and peaked on 20 May (356 DD). First generation winged males began emerging on 26 June (794 DD) and peaked 13 July (1,108 DD). Second generation crawlers began emerging on 20 July (1,166 DD) and peaked on 12 August (1,549 DD). Second generation wingless males began emerging on 31 August (1,857 DD) and peaked on 18 September (2,026 DD). Relative to untreated vines, vines treated with chlorpyrifos at bud swell (early April) or as late as early May (near grape bloom) realized at least an eight-fold reduction in the number of crawlers and adult males per sticky tape trap. Vines receiving the second application near grape bloom had significantly fewer crawlers in May, August and September than vines sprayed once in late April. A chlorpyrifos treatment in early April provided at least a 30-d lethal residual on grape against grape scale crawlers that emerged during May.

scholarly journals Are synthetic pheromone captures predictive of parasitoid densities as a kairomonal attracted tool?

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hassan Bayoumy ◽  
Mehmet Bora Kydan ◽  
Ferenc Kozár
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Host Location ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona ◽  
Sticky Tape ◽  
White Peach Scale

Abundance of White Peach scale (WPS), <em>Pseudaulacaspis pentagona </em>(Targioni-Tozzetti) and San Jos&eacute; scale (SJS), <em>Diaspidiotus perniciosus </em>(Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) adult males and their attracted parasitoids were monitored using pheromone and sticky tape traps in an orchard of Budapest, Hungary, during 2010. In this study, we tried answer on the question raised whether synthetic commercial pheromones of WSP or SJS could work as a kairomonal stimulant and positively attract higher numbers of the specialized parasitoids. Although pheromone traps attracted a wide range of parasitoid species, most of them were accidentally. However, the parasitoid <em>Thomsonisca amathus</em> (Walker) (Hymenoptera: E ncyrtidae) and the parasitoid <em>Encarsia perniciosi </em>(Tower) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) significantly respond to the sex pheromones of WPS and SJS, respectively, suggesting that they may play an important role in host location.

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