scholarly journals Efficacy and speed of action of selected plant protection products on Lymantria dispar in laboratory conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.D. Zartaloudis ◽  
M.D. Kalapanida ◽  
E.I. Navrozidis
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
The Other ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp

In this study some selected insecticides were evaluated for their effect on gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L., (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) under laboratory conditions. Diflubenzuron, methoxyfenozide, triflumuron, fenoxycarb, fenoxycarb + lufenuron, Bacillus thuringiensis 50% subsp. kurstaki + Bacillus thuringiensis 50% subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai and spinosad were used in the recommended concentration, against the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th larval instars of L. dispar. The effectiveness of the above insecticides as well as the speed of action (LTime50 and LTime90) expressed in days, were examined in detail. Spinosad and methoxyfenozide presents a relatively higher speed of action in relation to the other insecticides. LTime50 of spinosad and methoxyfenozide did not differ significantly among the first three larval instars and ranged from 0 to 0.61 and 1.13 to 1.74 days, respectively. Regarding IGRs, the mixture (fenoxycarb + lufenuron) and triflumuron were the most effective in relation to the other IGRs tested. Moreover, Bacillus thuringiensis toxins were effective only against the first two larval instars.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impacts of microbial plant protection products containing Bacillus thuringiensis on the survival of adults and larvae of the honeybee (Apis mellifera)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Steinigeweg ◽  
Abdulrahim T. Alkassab ◽  
Hannes Beims ◽  
Jakob H. Eckert ◽  
Dania Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Pollen Feeding ◽  
Contamination Levels

AbstractThis study was aimed at evaluating the effect of a microbial pest-controlling product (MPCP) with the active substance Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. aizawai (strain: ABTS-1857) on adults and larvae of honeybees. To determine the contamination levels of Bt spores in different matrices, a colony-feeding study under semi-field conditions was performed. Furthermore, two chronic adult trials and a chronic larval study were conducted under laboratory conditions to test the effects of different concentrations of the plant protection product (PPP) on the development and mortality. Possible modifications of the chronic oral toxicity test were assessed by additional pollen feeding. Our results showed that Bt spores were detected in all matrices over the entire test duration in different concentrations, decreasing over time. The survival of adult bees and larvae was negatively affected in laboratory conditions after a chronic exposure to the MPCP depending on the tested concentrations. Moreover, the earliest sign of bee mortality, resulting from exposure to ABTS-1857, was recorded only after 96 h at the highest tested concentration. Pollen feeding to adults significantly increased the survival of the treated bees. In conclusion, the PPP with the Bt strain ABTS-1857 showed an effect on the mortality of adults and larvae under laboratory conditions. Further studies with Bt-based PPPs under realistic field conditions are necessary to evaluate the potential risk of those MPCPs on honeybees.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Imidacloprid and Diafenthiuron to Chrysoperla Carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in the Laboratory Conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gnanadhas Preetha ◽  
Johnson Stanley ◽  
Thiagarajan Chandrasekaran ◽  
Sasthakutty Kuttalam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Egg Mortality ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

Toxicity of Imidacloprid and Diafenthiuron toChrysoperla Carnea(Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in the Laboratory ConditionsInsecticides are unavoidable in pest management programs especially when the pest crosses Econimic Threshold Level (ETL). Nevertheless, often the plant protection products kill the natural enemy population making the pest to resurge and thus demanding more sprays. Therefore, insecticides used in IPM programs should be selective enough to spare the beneficials. Laboratory studies were conducted to find out the toxicity of imidacloprid and diafenthiuron to the eggs, larvae and adults ofChrysoperla carnea.Imidacloprid at the recommended dose of 0.28 ml/l caused 15.38% egg mortality, 26.67 and 33.33% larval mortality by ingestion and contact, respectively and 50.00% adult mortality. The egg mortality was about 15.38% and larval mortality of 23.33% and adult mortality of 26.67% was caused by diafenthiuron. Based on the classification given by IOBC/WPRS working group on Pesticides and non-target invertebrates, both the insecticides were classified as harmless toC. carnea, since the recommended dose caused less than 50% mortality in the laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals The efficiency of Paecilomyce farinosus as biocontrol to larve stage on second ad sixith instar larve of Trogoderma granarium (Everts)

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1096-1101
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Larval Instar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Paecilomyces Farinosus ◽  
Trogoderma Granarium ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Treatment Concentration

The present study was conducted to determine the pathogenicity of Paecilomyces farinosus as biocontrol agents against Tragoderma granarium (khapra) under laboratory conditions with three concentrations ( 2.8 x 108 , 2.8 x 106 ,2.8 x104 spores/ ml). The laboratory results revealed that fungi showed it's higher pathogencity to larve stage on 2nd instar and 6th instar , although their capability differs according to the fungi concentrations this fungi caused higher mortality of 2nd larval instar 70% and 60% ,55% when it was used at concentrations 2 .8 x 106 ,2.8 x104 spores/ ml respectively. On the other hand on 6th larval instars 55% , 35% , 30% at concentrations ( 2.8 x 108 , 2.8 x 106 ,2.8 x104 spores/ ml) respectively, and the highest rate of distortions in the adult insects from the 2nd instar treatment than the adult insects from the 6th instar treatment concentration of this fungi.

scholarly journals Development of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L) on the foliage of Quercus cerris L., Q. Petraea (matt) Liebl. and Q. Robur L. in the controlled conditions

2007 ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Milanovic
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Quercus Cerris

The development of Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L) was monitored in laboratory conditions, on the foliage of the species Quercus cerris L. Quercus petraea (Matt) Liebl. and Quercus robur L. The experiment was established in the controlled environmental conditions, at the temperature of 25?C, photoperiod 14:10 (day: night) and relative humidity 70%. The objective of the research was to determine the suitability of the study host plant species for gypsy moth development. The study results show that Gypsy moth caterpillars cultivated on Q. petraea foliage had a lower survival, higher number of moultings, longer preadult development and lower fecundity, which makes this species less suitable compared to the other two. Gypsy moth caterpillars cultivated on Q. cerris foliage had the highest survival degree the lowest number of moultings, the shortest preadult development and the highest fecundity, which makes this species the most favourable for gypsy moth development. Q. robur was between the former two species in this respect.

scholarly journals Effect of plant protection products on Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae in laboratory

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samara dos Santos ◽  
Valdemir Albuquerque da Silva Júnior ◽  
Sonia Maria Forti Broglio ◽  
Aldomario Santo Negrisoli Junior ◽  
Elio Cesar Guzzo
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Rhynchophorus Palmarum ◽  
Early Instar

ABSTRACT: With the aim of developing tools for simultaneously managing Rhynchophorus palmarum and the coconut stem bleeding disease, we evaluated the effects of the insecticide thiamethoxam and the fungicide cyproconazole on R. palmarum larvae under laboratory conditions. Early-instar and intermediate-instar larvae were fed on an artificial diet containing 0.1% concentration of insecticide, fungicide or a mixture of both. Larval mortality was assessed daily during the 48 hours after the application of the treatments. Mean mortality values were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). Thiamethoxam caused mortality of 100% of early-instar and 90% of intermediate-instar larvae. In contrast, mortality was significantly lower in the cyproconazole treatment (60% for early-instar and 0% for intermediate-instar larvae) and the control (0% mortality for both treatments). The insecticide/fungicide mixture was equally effective (100% for early-instar and 86.67% for intermediate-instar larvae) to the insecticide only treatment. Differences in mortality between early-instar and intermediate-instar larvae were significant only for the thiamethoxam and cyproconazole treatments. These results indicate that, for the doses used here, thiamethoxam is toxic to both early-instar and intermediate-instar larvae, while cyproconazole is toxic just to early-instar larvae. Moreover, cyproconazole does not increase the toxicity of thiamethoxam. Early-instar larvae are more sensitive to thiamethoxam and cyproconazole than intermediate-instar larvae. We conclude that thiamethoxam + cyproconazole mixture may be effective for managing R. palmarum and associated fungal diseases on coconut palms.

scholarly journals The possibilities of droplet spectrum regulation at application of plant protection products

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
P. Harašta
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Discharge Orifice ◽  
Low Drift ◽  
Flat Fan Nozzle

Verification of the possibilities of a droplet spectrum regulation due to the change of working pressure, as well as the change of the size of the discharge orifice of a nozzle, was undertaken in laboratory conditions by measurement of the size of a droplet spectrum of the applied liquid. Selected types of low drift nozzles &ndash; Albuz AVI 025, Lechler ID 120, Lechler IDK 120-05, Lechler IDN 120-025, TurboDrop 03, Hardi INJET 02, Hardi B JET 02, Hardi LD 02<br />and a flat fan nozzle Hardi ISO F 02-110 &ndash; underwent the measurement. The measurement of droplet spectrum was carried out at the nozzle&rsquo;s working height of 500 mm, and at working pressures of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 MPa. A laser measure equipment was used to measure the droplet spectrum of liquid.

scholarly journals Bio-control efficiency of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) against the citrus leaf miner, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lep., Gracillariidae) under laboratory conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
K. Saeidi ◽  
E. Saeidi
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Phyllocnistis Citrella ◽  
Citrus Leaf ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

The citrus leaf miner, <em>Phyllocnistis citrella</em> Stainton (Lep., Gracillariidae), is one of the most destructive pest of citrus and related Rutaceae and ornamental plants in Iran. Larvae damage leaves by creating serpentine feeding mines, which have been lead to reduce yield. Resistance and toxicity problems derived from synthetic insecticides have made it necessary to find more effective and healthier alternatives; therefore, bio-insecticides (<em>i.e</em>., <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em>) are becoming an important component in plant protection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of <em>B. thuringiensis</em> against <em>P. citrella</em>. Eight <em>B. thuringiensis</em> concentrations were used against <em>P. citrella</em> L3 on orange and mortality was recorded at 1, 4, 7 and 10 days after spraying. The results showed that <em>B. thuringiensis</em> significantly affected mortality of <em>P. citrella</em>. After 1, 4, 7 and 10 days of spraying 108 concentration of <em>B. thuringiensis</em> had significantly caused the highest mortality to the pest with 59.8, 68.4, 73.6 and 77.0%, respectively. Then the mortality percent decreased until it reached 6.5, 9.5, 39.3 and 46.7% at 101 concentration, respectively. In conclusion, the study indicated that <em>B. thuringiensis</em> is effective in controlling <em>P. citrella</em> under laboratory conditions.

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