scholarly journals Effects of sticky traps on Dacnusa sibirica, Diglyphus isaea and Nesidiocoris tenuis

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dionysios Ch. Perdikis ◽  
Konstantina A Arvaniti ◽  
Dimitrios M Papadimitriou
Keyword(s):  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Blue Colour ◽  
Leaf Miners ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Diglyphus Isaea ◽  
Effective Predator ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis ◽  
The Difference

The potential of commonly used sticky traps (yellow, blue and transparent) to attract the two major natural enemies of the leaf miners, Dacnusa sibirica Telenga (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Diglyphus isaea (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was recorded. In addition, we studied their efficacy to capture the effective predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) which in high population levels may cause damage on tomato crop. The captures of D. sibirica and D. isaea were negligible. Captures of N. tenuis adults were significantly higher on yellow and blue colour traps than on transparent traps. The difference of captures between yellow and blue traps was not significant. Furthermore, the effectiveness on N. tenuis was much increased when the traps were established next to the tomato plant apex. The results show that the use of coloured sticky traps and release of the leafminer parasitoids may be combined. Furthermore, it was clearly shown that sticky traps may not be compatible with the release of the generalist predator N. tenuis; however, yellow and blue traps should be further evaluated for its mass trapping.

Risk of damage to tomato crops by the generalist zoophytophagous predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Arnó ◽  
C. Castañé ◽  
J. Riudavets ◽  
R. Gabarra
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Prey Scarcity

AbstractNesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hem. Miridae) is a native zoophytophagous predator of the Mediterranean region, and its populations colonize tomato crops when they are not heavily treated with insecticides. This generalist predator has a high capacity for controlling insect pests, and it is currently commercially produced and released in some areas to control Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hem. Aleyrodidae). However, its status as a pest and/or as beneficial is controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of damage to tomatoes in extreme conditions of prey scarcity, as well as high predator populations. Three predator densities were tested in a greenhouse cage experiment during a summer tomato crop. The crop did not display any negative effect caused by the predators during the first six weeks of interaction, independently of the density released. However, subsequently, the effect was dramatic, both on the vegetative growth of the plant and on the production of fruits. The reduction in vegetative growth was located at truss eight and it was expressed mainly by a lower number of leaves and a shorter length of the shoot above the truss. There was a significant reduction of yield with a lower number of fruits collected and a smaller mean weight, although this was not observable until truss seven. It seems that feeding on the plant by this mirid bug competed with the vegetative growth and fruiting processes of the plant in the extreme conditions of prey shortage maintained in our experiment.

Diversity and abundance of arthropod by-catch in semiochemical-baited traps targeting apple clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in organic and conventional apple orchards in British Columbia, Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Marius Aurelian ◽  
Maya L. Evenden ◽  
Gary J.R. Judd
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Apple Industry ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Clearwing Moth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
By Catch

AbstractApple clearwing moth (ACM),Synanthedon myopaeformis(Borkhausen) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is an invasive species and destructive pest of commercial apple trees in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Mass trapping with Concord grape juice and sex pheromone is being developed as an organic pest management tactic. We quantified the diversity and abundance of arthropod by-catch in these traps during the 2009 flight (13 June–31 July) of ACM. Paired traps were deployed in organic and conventionally managed apple orchards planted using different tree densities representing the extremes of the current BC apple industry. Using seasonal by-catch and community-level statistical analyses we determined that family communities of arthropods caught in juice-baited and pheromone-baited traps differed significantly. Yellow juice-baited traps caught a greater variety of arthropod families in greater abundance than pheromone-baited yellow Unitraps®. We show that for each trap type, family communities caught in organic versus conventional orchards were significantly different. Organic orchard management affected abundance of some beneficial taxa, but the sign of the difference depended on the taxon examined (e.g., ladybeetles increased versus lacewings declined). Tree density had no effect on by-catch. Managing ACM by mass trapping may be detrimental to ecosystem services because many nontarget beneficial species are caught. A balanced risk-to-benefit approach should be taken before this technology is widely implemented against ACM.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Galaxies in the Last 10 GYR

1994 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 649-651
Author(s):  
K. Rakos ◽  
J. Schombert ◽  
T. Maindl ◽  
N. Unger ◽  
P. Obitsch
Keyword(s):  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Rest Frame ◽  
Blue Colour ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Blue Galaxies ◽  
Single Burst ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Good Agreement

Rest-frame Strömgren colours are presented for a large number of galaxies in rich clusters between z = 0 and z = 1. Our observations confirm a strong, rest-frame, Butcher-Oemler effect where the fraction of blue galaxies increases from 20% at z < 0.4 to 80% at z = 0.9. After isolating the red objects in each cluster we have compared the mean colour of these old, non-star forming objects with SED models from the literature as a test for passive galaxy evolution in ellipticals. We find good agreement with single burst models which predict an epoch of galaxy formation from z = 2 to 5 (Rakos et al. 1988, 1991; Rakos & Schombert 1993). Although the results demonstrate a great deal of hope for modelling the fine details of colour evolution when our samples are extended into the near- and far-IR, there are reasons to believe that galaxies become, observationally, much more complicated beyond redshifts of 1. The rate of blue colour evolution between 0.6 and 0.9 suggests that by a redshift of 1.5 it will be impossible to tell the difference between galaxies which have completed a single burst at a formation redshift of 2 or ones which are undergoing constant star formation.

Comparative bioactivity of essential oils from two Mentha pulegium (Lamiaceae) chemotypes against Aphis gossypii, Aphis spiraecola, Tetranychus urticae and the generalist predator Nesidiocoris tenuis

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris M. Papadimitriou ◽  
Eleftherios A. Petrakis ◽  
Konstantina A. Arvaniti ◽  
Athanasios C. Kimbaris ◽  
Moschos G. Polissiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
Aphis Spiraecola ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis

scholarly journals Availability of insects as feed for meadow bird chicks assessed across years by batched image analysis of sticky traps

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Kaffa ◽  
Rutger Vos
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Meadow Birds ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTAs of 1990, there are 27 bird species that have been assigned as meadow birds by the Dutch equivalent of the Farmland Bird Indicator (FBI). These birds have one common characteristic that classifies them as meadow birds: they prefer to breed in meadows. Since 1960, the overall number of meadow birds has been declining rapidly and recently only five species have shown increases. However, not only meadow birds have been declining, this same rate of decline is also seen in many vertebrate, insect, and plant species throughout Europe. Increasing agriculture and urbanisation are considered to be the main causes of these alarming declines and agri-environment schemes show insufficient effect. Not only decreased reproduction rate of meadow birds, but also decreased survival rate of meadow bird chicks may play an important role in the dropping meadow bird numbers. Most of the meadow birds eat insects and it is therefore hypothesized that their food supply is too low. The Louis Bolk Insitute and ANV Water, Land & Dijken have been setting sticky traps in several meadows and counting the number of trapped insects on each sticky trap to assess if the food supply of meadow birds is sufficient. However, counting the insects is very time consuming, unappealing, and error prone. Therefore, a system that uses image analysis to automatically count the insects was improved and deployed as a web application and command line application. This system analyses photographs of sticky traps and counts the insects found on the sticky traps that were set in May 2018. These results were compared to the number of counted insects on the sticky traps that were set in May 2017, tested if the difference was significant and if there was a correlation between the usage of certain management packages. The accuracy of the automated system was also tested by determining if automatically counted results were not significantly different from hand counted results. The results showed that the accuracy of the system was improved but was still unable to provide very reliable results, most likely due to the usage of low-quality photographs from 2017. The number of counted insects from the sticky traps that were set in 2017 was significantly lower as compared to 2018 and no actual correlation could be found between the number of insects and management packages. It is possible for insect populations to have grown this much, however, the difference in insect numbers could have been caused by the difference in temperature when placing the sticky traps, or the sticky traps being less sticky. It is also very likely that the number of insects on the traps in 2017 is lower due to the poor quality of the photographs, so fewer insects could be detected. If the insect populations have grown as significantly as is indicated from the results then it can be stated that the food supply of meadow birds is more sufficient as compared to 2017 and it would be probable that an increase in meadow birds has occurred or will occur in the near future. Further research should be conducted using high quality standardized photographs and carried out for multiple years to gain plentiful reliable data.

scholarly journals Pre-plant release enhanced the earlier establishment of Nesidiocoris tenuis in open field tomato

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ch. Perdikis ◽  
K. A. Arvaniti ◽  
A. Paraskevopoulos ◽  
A. Grigoriou
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis

The invasive pest of the tomato crops, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), soon after its establishment became a major problem of outdoor and greenhouse tomato crops across the Mediterranean countries. The pre-plant release of the predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Heteroptera: Miridae) has been found to substantially contribute to its establishment on the crop and efficient control of T. absoluta in greenhouses. The aim of the current study was to assess whether the pre-plant release of N. tenuis could contribute to its earlier establishment. It was concluded that the release of N. tenuis in the nursery contributed substantially in the earlier increase of its numbers in the field in comparison to the control plots. The native populations of M. pygmaeus appeared on the tomato plants before the native populations of N. tenuis. Thus, the conservation of both predators should be taken into consideration in the integrated management strategies against T. absoluta. Therefore, the application of this method in open field tomato crop enhances the earlier establishment of N. tenuis and should be further evaluated in the control of T. absoluta.

scholarly journals POPULASI DAN TINGKAT SERANGAN Nesidiocoris tenuis REUTER (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) PADA TANAMAN TOMAT

EUGENIA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroulus S. Rante ◽  
Moulwy F. Dien
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis ◽  
Sweep Net

ABSTRACT   N. tenuis is an insect pest on tomato plants. This insect has ben indentified as a pest to tomato plants in North Sulawesi since early 2000's. The study aimed to determine the population and the level of N. tenuis attack on tomato crop in North Sulawesi. Research used a survey method conducted at four areas in North Sulawesi: Tomohon, Langowan, Tompaso, and Modoinding. Sampling plots to determine population N. tenuis were placed at each location using an aspirator and sweep net. Observations to determine the level of attack N. tenuis were conducted when the plants began to bloom. This was done by watching randomly 8 plants in each sub-sampling plots. The results showed that populations of N. tenuis in tomato crops was relatively low at Tomohon region, reached an average of 0.42 individuals per plant,; at Tompaso, 0.64 individuals per plant, Langowan 2.40 individuals per plant, and Modoinding 5.40 individuals per plant. Observation of the attack N. tenuis on 144 plant samples showed that the highest was found in the sample located in Modoinding, 57.63%, followed by 49.76% in Langowan, 47.44% in Tomohon and 28, 46% in Tompaso. Keywords: Nesidiocoris tenuis, tomato   ABSTRAK   N. tenuis merupakan serangga hama pada tanaman tomat yang diketahui menyerang tanaman tomat di Sulawesi Utara sejak awal tahun 2000-an.  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui populasi dan tingkat serangan N. tenuis di beberapa sentra pertanaman tomat Sulawesi Utara.  Penelitian menggunakan metode survey pada empat lokasi sentra penanaman tomat di Sulawesi Utara, yaitu Kota Tomohon, Kecamatan Langowan, Kecamatan Tompaso, dan Kecamatan Modoinding.  Pengambilan sampel untuk mengetahui populasi N. tenuis dilakukan pada masing-masing lokasi dengan menggunakan aspirator dan jaring serangga pada sub-petak pengamatan yang telah ditentukan; sedangkan pengamatan untuk mengetahui tingkat serangan N. tenuis dilakukan pada saat tanaman mulai berbunga dengan mengamati secara acak sebanyak 8 tanaman pada masing-masing sub-petak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi N. tenuis pada tanaman tomat relatif rendah yakni kota Tomohon mencapai rata-rata 0,42 individu per tanaman, kemudian Kecamatan Tompaso, 0,64 individu per tanaman, Kecamatan Langowan 2,40 individu per tanaman, dan Kecamatan Modoinding 5,40 individu per tanaman.  Pengamatan tingkat serangan N. tenuis, dari 144 tanaman sampel yang diamati pada masing-masing pengambilan sampel, tertinggi ditemukan pada lokasi sampel Modoinding yakni sebesar 57,63%, kemudian diikuti Langowan (49,76%), Tomohon (47,44%, dan Tompaso (28,46%). Kata Kunci : Nesidiocoris tenuis, tanaman tomat

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