scholarly journals Pre-plant release enhanced the earlier establishment of Nesidiocoris tenuis in open field tomato

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ch. Perdikis ◽  
K. A. Arvaniti ◽  
A. Paraskevopoulos ◽  
A. Grigoriou
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis

The invasive pest of the tomato crops, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), soon after its establishment became a major problem of outdoor and greenhouse tomato crops across the Mediterranean countries. The pre-plant release of the predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Heteroptera: Miridae) has been found to substantially contribute to its establishment on the crop and efficient control of T. absoluta in greenhouses. The aim of the current study was to assess whether the pre-plant release of N. tenuis could contribute to its earlier establishment. It was concluded that the release of N. tenuis in the nursery contributed substantially in the earlier increase of its numbers in the field in comparison to the control plots. The native populations of M. pygmaeus appeared on the tomato plants before the native populations of N. tenuis. Thus, the conservation of both predators should be taken into consideration in the integrated management strategies against T. absoluta. Therefore, the application of this method in open field tomato crop enhances the earlier establishment of N. tenuis and should be further evaluated in the control of T. absoluta.

scholarly journals Minitomato cultivation with substrate under different fertigation management strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Ricardo S Bezerra ◽  
Adão Wagner P Evangelista ◽  
José Alves Júnior ◽  
Abadia R Nascimento ◽  
Derblai Casaroli
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT The application of high level of fertilization and inadequate management of fertigation in tomato crop can promote increase of salinity of the solution, nutritional imbalance and physiological disorders in the plants, consequently reduces the productivity and the quality of the fruits. The aim of this study was to evaluate different fertigation strategies in growth and production of mini tomato plants cultivated with substrate in a greenhouse. The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks with four treatments and twenty replicates. The treatments corresponded to four fertigation strategies, as follows: T1 [(control) fertigation with leaching of 20%]; T2 fertigation throughout the day and irrigation at the end of the day with leaching of 20%; T3 irrigation with leaching of 20%, followed by fertigation in all activations of the irrigation system; T4 fertigation with leaching of 20% and reuse of the leached solution. Stem height and diameter, number of clusters, total and commercial fruit production, fruit size, fruit color, total titratable acidity, soluble solids content and fruit texture were evaluated. No significant differences were detected among the treatments in relation to the growth variables of the mini tomato plants. The strategies of fertigation tested do not influence significantly the growth of tomato plants. The T1 and T4 managements provide higher commercial production and fruits with higher content of soluble solids when compared with other management strategies evaluated. Considering the nutritional factor, we recommend to reuse the nutrient solution used in the tomato cultivation with substrate, correcting daily the electrical conductivity of the solution.

scholarly journals POPULASI DAN TINGKAT SERANGAN Nesidiocoris tenuis REUTER (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) PADA TANAMAN TOMAT

EUGENIA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroulus S. Rante ◽  
Moulwy F. Dien
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis ◽  
Sweep Net

ABSTRACT   N. tenuis is an insect pest on tomato plants. This insect has ben indentified as a pest to tomato plants in North Sulawesi since early 2000's. The study aimed to determine the population and the level of N. tenuis attack on tomato crop in North Sulawesi. Research used a survey method conducted at four areas in North Sulawesi: Tomohon, Langowan, Tompaso, and Modoinding. Sampling plots to determine population N. tenuis were placed at each location using an aspirator and sweep net. Observations to determine the level of attack N. tenuis were conducted when the plants began to bloom. This was done by watching randomly 8 plants in each sub-sampling plots. The results showed that populations of N. tenuis in tomato crops was relatively low at Tomohon region, reached an average of 0.42 individuals per plant,; at Tompaso, 0.64 individuals per plant, Langowan 2.40 individuals per plant, and Modoinding 5.40 individuals per plant. Observation of the attack N. tenuis on 144 plant samples showed that the highest was found in the sample located in Modoinding, 57.63%, followed by 49.76% in Langowan, 47.44% in Tomohon and 28, 46% in Tompaso. Keywords: Nesidiocoris tenuis, tomato   ABSTRAK   N. tenuis merupakan serangga hama pada tanaman tomat yang diketahui menyerang tanaman tomat di Sulawesi Utara sejak awal tahun 2000-an.  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui populasi dan tingkat serangan N. tenuis di beberapa sentra pertanaman tomat Sulawesi Utara.  Penelitian menggunakan metode survey pada empat lokasi sentra penanaman tomat di Sulawesi Utara, yaitu Kota Tomohon, Kecamatan Langowan, Kecamatan Tompaso, dan Kecamatan Modoinding.  Pengambilan sampel untuk mengetahui populasi N. tenuis dilakukan pada masing-masing lokasi dengan menggunakan aspirator dan jaring serangga pada sub-petak pengamatan yang telah ditentukan; sedangkan pengamatan untuk mengetahui tingkat serangan N. tenuis dilakukan pada saat tanaman mulai berbunga dengan mengamati secara acak sebanyak 8 tanaman pada masing-masing sub-petak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi N. tenuis pada tanaman tomat relatif rendah yakni kota Tomohon mencapai rata-rata 0,42 individu per tanaman, kemudian Kecamatan Tompaso, 0,64 individu per tanaman, Kecamatan Langowan 2,40 individu per tanaman, dan Kecamatan Modoinding 5,40 individu per tanaman.  Pengamatan tingkat serangan N. tenuis, dari 144 tanaman sampel yang diamati pada masing-masing pengambilan sampel, tertinggi ditemukan pada lokasi sampel Modoinding yakni sebesar 57,63%, kemudian diikuti Langowan (49,76%), Tomohon (47,44%, dan Tompaso (28,46%). Kata Kunci : Nesidiocoris tenuis, tanaman tomat

scholarly journals Biological Control Using Microorganisms Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium lecanii Against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Elena BARCANU ◽  
Ovidia AGAPIE ◽  
Ion GHERASE ◽  
Bianca TĂNASE ◽  
Costel VÎNĂTORU
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Lecanicillium Lecanii ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Tuta absoluta (Meyerick) is a serious pest of tomato crop with larvae causing even 100% loss, if not effectively controlled. Native from South America, currently, it can be found throughout Europe, Africa and parts of Asia. In Romania, it was reported for first time in 2009 (Leaotă, 2009). In this study, 12 concentrations of Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii were prepared and tested on T. absoluta larvae to study the impact of entomopathogenic fungi on larvae mortality, under laboratory conditions. The results showed that only four experiments had a mortality rate of over 50% on T. absoluta larvae. The higher concentration had the highest mortality rate. Research shows that microorganisms are effective, but at very high concentrations, leading to a higher cost of production. In these conditions, we could recommend either to increase the colony forming units in the commercial products, or to enrich the crop area with beneficial microfauna before establishing the crop. The present study might be useful in developing future integrated management strategies for tomato leaf miner.

scholarly journals Effect of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Russian Thistle (Salsola tragus) in Spring Barley and Spring Wheat

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Judit Barroso ◽  
Nicholas G. Genna
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate

Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) is a persistent post-harvest issue in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Farmers need more integrated management strategies to control it. Russian thistle emergence, mortality, plant biomass, seed production, and crop yield were evaluated in spring wheat and spring barley planted in 18- or 36-cm row spacing and seeded at 73 or 140 kg ha−1 in Pendleton and Moro, Oregon, during 2018 and 2019. Russian thistle emergence was lower and mortality was higher in spring barley than in spring wheat. However, little to no effect of row spacing or seeding rate was observed on Russian thistle emergence or mortality. Russian thistle seed production and plant biomass followed crop productivity; higher crop yield produced higher Russian thistle biomass and seed production and lower crop yield produced lower weed biomass and seed production. Crop yield with Russian thistle pressure was improved in 2018 with 18-cm rows or by seeding at 140 kg ha−1 while no effect was observed in 2019. Increasing seeding rates or planting spring crops in narrow rows may be effective at increasing yield in low rainfall years of the PNW, such as in 2018. No effect may be observed in years with higher rainfall than normal, such as in 2019.

Distribution, abundance and natural enemies of the invasive tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) in Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
G. Kinyanjui ◽  
F. M. Khamis ◽  
F. L. O. Ombura ◽  
E. U. Kenya ◽  
S. Ekesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Macrolophus Pygmaeus ◽  
Larval Parasitoids ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis ◽  
Sentinel Plants ◽  
Open Fields

Abstract Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) has become a serious menace to sustainable production of tomato in Kenya. A survey was conducted between April 2015 and June 2016 to determine its distribution, abundance, infestation, and damage levels on tomato, and associated natural enemies. Trap counts of T. absoluta moths were recorded in all surveyed 29 counties, which indicated its nationwide distribution irrespective of altitude. Tuta absoluta was present in both open fields and greenhouses. The highest moth/trap/day was 115.38 ± 15.90. Highest leaf infestation was 92.22% and the highest number of mines and larvae per leaf were 3.71 ± 0.28 and 2.16 ± 0.45, respectively. Trap captures in terms of moth/trap/day were linearly and positively related to leaf infestations in open fields (R2 = 0.81) and greenhouses (R2 = 0.61). Highest fruits’ infestation and damage were 60.00 and 59.61%, respectively, while the highest number of mines per fruit was 7.50 ± 0.50. Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) and Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur) were identified as predators of T. absoluta larvae. Nine species of larval parasitoids were recovered from infested foliage, with a combined parasitism of 7.26 ± 0.65%. Hockeria species was the most dominant (31.25%) and accounted for 12.88 ± 1.47% parasitism. Two species of larval parasitoids, Hockeria and Necremnus were obtained from sentinel plants with an average parasitism of 1.13 ± 0.25. The overall abundance and parasitism rates of recovered natural enemies were low to effectively control the field populations of T. absoluta. These findings form the basis of researching and developing effective and sustainable management strategies for the pest.

scholarly journals Biological control agents in the integrated nematode management of potato in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfouz M. M. Abd-Elgawad
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Economic Significance

Abstract Background Potato represents Egypt’s largest vegetable export crop. Many plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are globally inflicting damage to potato plants. In Egypt, their economic significance considerably varies according to PPN distribution, population levels, and pathogenicity. Main body This review article highlights the biology, ecology, and economic value of the PPN control viewpoint. The integration of biological control agents (BCAs), as sound and safe potato production practice, with other phytosanitary measures to manage PPNs is presented for sustainable agriculture. A few cases of BCA integration with such other options as synergistic/additive PPN management measures to upgrade crop yields are reviewed. Yet, various attributes of BCAs should better be grasped so that they can fit in at the emerging and/or existing integrated management strategies of potato pests. Conclusion A few inexpensive biocontrol products, for PPNs control on potato, versus their corresponding costly chemical nematicides are gathered and listed for consideration. Hence, raising awareness of farmers for making these biologicals familiar and easy to use will promote their wider application while offering safe and increased potato yield.

scholarly journals Factors affecting Cyperus difformis seed germination and seedling emergence

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Derakhshan ◽  
J. Gherekhloo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cyperus Difformis ◽  
Emergence Patterns

Specific knowledge about the dormancy, germination, and emergence patterns of weed species aids the development of integrated management strategies. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of several environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of Cyperus difformis. Germination of freshly harvested seeds was inhibited by darkness; however, when seeds were subsequently transferred to complete light they germinated readily. Our results showed that 2 wk of cold stratification overcome the light requirement for germination. Seeds of C. difformis were able to germinate over a broad range of temperatures (25/15, 30/20, 35/25, and 40/30 ºC day/night). The response of germination rate to temperature was described as a non-linear function. Based on model outputs, the base, the optimum and the ceiling temperatures were estimated as 14.81, 37.72 and 45 ºC, respectively. A temperature of 120 ºC for a 5 min was required to inhibit 50% of maximum germination. The osmotic potential and salinity required for 50% inhibition of maximum germination were -0.47 MPa and 135.57 mM, respectively. High percentage of seed germination (89%) was observed at pH=6 and decreased to 12% at alkaline medium (pH 9) pH. Seeds sown on the soil surface gave the greatest percentage of seedling emergence, and no seedlings emerged from seeds buried in soil at depths of 1 cm.

Spider mites of agricultural importance in China, with focus on species composition during the last decade (2008–2017) 

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-Yu Jin ◽  
Lu Tian ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Xiao-Yue Hong
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Panonychus Citri ◽  
Important Species ◽  
River Region

Understanding pest species composition and their geographic distribution of important spider mites is fundamental and indispensable to establish an integrated pest management program. From a long-term survey during 2008–2017 in mainland China, we found that Tetranychus truncatus was the most frequently sampled Tetranychus spider mite (48.5%), followed by T. pueraricola (21.2%), T. kanzawai (12.5%), T. urticae (red) (5.7%) and T. urticae (green) (4.5%). Among them, T. truncatus was the major mite pest in the north of China. T. kanzawai was the dominant species in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Region and T. pueraricola was the most important species in the southwest region. Other common and serious pests include Amphitetranychus viennensis (6.8%) and Panonychus citri (3.8%). This pattern was largely different from that in 2002–2004, when T. urticae (green and red) was believed to be the most serious mite pest. The factors involved in the change of species composition are not clear and need more exploration. We suggested that the increasing corn planting range may be partly responsible for the conversion of dominant species from other spider mites to T. truncatus. Further research on the mechanisms underlying the change of dominant species will help develop integrated management strategies.

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