ΟΙΚΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΙ ΚΑΙ ΒΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΙ ΠΑΡΑΓΟΝΤΕΣ ΠΟΥ ΕΠΗΡΕΑΖΟΥΝ ΤΙΣ ΠΛΗΘΥΣΜΙΑΚΕΣ ΠΥΚΝΟΤΗΤΕΣ ΤΩΝ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΩΝ ΣΦΗΚΩΝ VESPULA GERMANICA (F) ΚΑΙ VESPULA VULGARIS (L) ΣΤΗ ΣΚΟΠΕΛΟ

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
ΗΛΙΑΣ ΚΑΙΝΑΔΑΣ
Keyword(s):  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Vespula Germanica

scholarly journals Mouthpart dimorphism in male and female wasps of Vespula vulgaris and Vespula germanica (Vespidae, Hymenoptera)

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Baranek ◽  
Kenneth Kuba ◽  
Julia Bauder ◽  
Harald Krenn
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Brood Care ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Fluid Uptake ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
Adductor Muscles

Social wasps perform a variety of tasks with their mouthparts. Female workers use them to feed on carbohydrate-rich fluids, to build nests by collecting wood fibers and forming paper, to hunt and manipulate insect prey for feeding larvae as well as for brood care. Since male wasps neither feed on insects nor participate in nest building, sex-specific differences in mouthpart morphology are expected. Despite these different applications, general mouthpart morphology of male and female wasps from the genus Vespula was similar. However, males possessed significantly shorter mandibles with fewer teeth than females. Furthermore, the adductor muscles of the mandibles were distinctly smaller in males than in females. Male wasps showed a higher number of sensilla on the mandibles and the labial palpi. Mouthpart dimorphism and functional morphology of fluid uptake are discussed.

Primäre Feldwespengiftallergie im Rheingau: selten oder vielleicht doch nicht so selten?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Adib-Tezer ◽  
C. Bayerl
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Kausale Therapie ◽  
Vespula Germanica

ZusammenfassungDie Hymenopterengiftallergie ist der häufigste Auslöser anaphylaktischer Reaktionen bei Erwachsenen und der zweithäufigste Auslöser bei Kindern nach den Nahrungsmitteln. In West- und Mitteleuropa sind Stiche der Faltenwespenarten Vespula vulgaris und Vespula germanica sowie der Honigbiene Apis mellifera die Hauptauslöser von Anaphylaxien. In Südeuropa, den USA sowie in tropischen und subtropischen Gebieten (v. a. Südamerika) sind Feldwespenarten (Polistes spp.) weit verbreitet und spielen dort als Auslöser von Stichanaphylaxien eine bedeutende Rolle.Dargestellt wird der außergewöhnliche Fall einer primären Feldwespengiftallergie bei einem 65-jährigen Patienten aus dem Rheingau. Da die Feldwespengift-Immuntherapie in Deutschland keine Zulassung hat, konnte diese unserem Patienten als kausale Therapie nicht angeboten werden. Durch die klimatischen Veränderungen könnte die Feldwespengiftallergie sowohl aktuell als auch zukünftig in Nord- und Westeuropa eine wichtige Rolle einnehmen.

scholarly journals Microbiota of an Invasive Wasp Vespula vulgaris and Hymenopteran relatives: Interpreting the microbiome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Oliver Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
Introduced Range

<p>Invasive species represent a critical threat to ecosystems and ecological communities, causing changes through overwhelming predation as well as competing with native species for resources. Understanding the mechanisms behind invasive success is essential for understanding why they invade and the consequences of their invasions. Furthermore, invasive species, like all macroscopic organisms, harbour symbiotic and pathogenic microbes that constitute their microbiomes, which could explain invasive success.  The complex ecological interaction networks within the microbiome can have a positive or negative impact on host abundance and dominance. These interactions may be significant for invasive species, where microbial influences acting on an exotic host can potentially drive the ecological success of an invasive population to the detriment of recipient communities. This thesis explores the microbiota of one of the most globally invasive species, the common wasp Vespula vulgaris, with the overall aim to investigate and characterise the microbiome of V. vulgaris, using metagenomics, bioinformatics and molecular techniques.  The initial comparative microbiota study focused on three distinct life stages (larvae, worker and queen), from two ranges. This analysis revealed a core bacteriome community present in V. vulgaris. There was evidence of higher microbial diversity in wasp larvae compared with workers and queens. The Queen (gyne) microbiome revealed a more specific microbiome with absences of certain microbiota found in larvae and workers from the same nest, indicating a more distinctive microbiome. Interestingly, analysis of life stages between ranges showed significant dissimilarity in microbiomes, with microbiota loses, and acquisitions in the introduced New Zealand range.  Using the same techniques, the microbiota of V. vulgaris and four hymenopteran hosts (Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris, Vespula germanica and Linepithema humile), were comparatively analysed. The analysis investigated both shared microbiota and host specific microbiota. This analysis indicated the polyphagous V. vulgaris as having a diverse microbiome varying between nests and sites, indicating less specific microbiota in comparison to other hymenopteran hosts in this study.  Vespid wasp colonies are known to occasionally crash in the presence of diseases; however, there is a lack of reliable evidence indicating pathogenic micro-organisms play an essential role in wasp colony dynamics. Incorporating knowledge gained in previous analyses, the next aim was to investigate V. vulgaris nests symptomatic of an infectious agent to discover the cause of pathology. Through molecular techniques, such as Illumina RNA-Seq, PCR and Sanger sequencing, the potential cause of infection and decline of diseased nests was examined. The metatranscriptomic comparison of diseased and healthy larvae highlighted five putative infectious agents. The bacteria Moellerella wisconsensis, Moku virus, Kashmir Bee Virus, Aspergillus and the microsporidian Vavraia culicis floridensis found in infected larvae, potentially causing pathology in the host. The first known instance of Moku virus, and potentially V. culicis floridensis and M. wisconsensis was documented as potential pathogens of V. vulgaris present in New Zealand. To test for potential virulence of these putative infectious agents, an infection study was carried out. Vespula vulgaris nests and larvae were orally infected in the lab using homogenised infected larvae. Subsequently, test and control larvae were sampled to conduct and quantify a time series analysis of infection using RT-qPCR using designed primers.  This dissertation provided the first insight into the microbiome of V. vulgaris in the native and introduced range providing a baseline for further research. This analysis and the subsequent microbiota identified may play a role in wasp population dynamics, giving a better understanding of the observed thriving V. vulgaris population dynamics in New Zealand.</p>

scholarly journals Overwintering colonies of German (Vespula germanica) and common wasps (Vespula vulgaris) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in New Zealand

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. Plunkett ◽  
H. Moller ◽  
C. Hamilton ◽  
B.K. Clapperton ◽  
C.D. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Vespula Germanica

scholarly journals Introduced Vespa velutina does not replace native Vespa crabro and Vespula species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Carisio ◽  
Jacopo Cerri ◽  
Simone Lioy ◽  
Ettore Bianchi ◽  
Sandro Bertolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Vespa Velutina ◽  
Vespa Crabro ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Vespula Germanica

Alien species invasion could lead to the replacement of native species with similar ecological requirements. Vespa velutina is an invasive hornet recently established in Europe, that is raising concern due to the associated economic and ecological impacts toward managed and wild pollinators besides to the potential competition and replacement of native wasp species. This led to the inclusion of V. velutina in the European list of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern. Nevertheless, V. velutina impacts on the native wasp community is poorly understood. We analysed the influence of V. velutina abundance on the European hornet Vespa crabro in a four-year invaded area in Italy. Moreover, we assessed the impacts of its presence on V. crabro, Vespula vulgaris and Vespula germanica, by comparing the invaded area with an uninvaded one. A Bayesian Generalized Linear Model, implemented to control some relevant environmental confounders, indicate that the relationship between Vespa species was positive at low abundances, while for high values of V. velutina the two species did not covary anymore. The distribution of V. crabro, V. vulgaris and V. germanica showed a considerable overlap between the invaded and uninvaded areas. Overall, the results bring to the conclusion that native Vespidae have probably avoided or minimised a competition pressure, and therefore the presence of V. velutina has not led to an evident replacement of V. crabro and Vespula species. This provides reassurance regarding the conservation status of native European Vespidae following V. velutina invasion.

scholarly journals High-Quality Assemblies for Three Invasive Social Wasps from the Vespula Genus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. R. Harrop ◽  
Joseph Guhlin ◽  
Gemma M. McLaughlin ◽  
Elizabeth Perming ◽  
Peter Stockwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Genome Assemblies ◽  
Generation Control

<div><div><div><p>Social wasps of the genus Vespula have spread to nearly all landmasses worldwide and have become significant pests in their introduced ranges, affecting economies and biodiversity. Comprehensive genome assemblies and annotations for these species are required to develop the next generation of control strategies and monitor existing chemical control. We sequenced and annotated the genomes of the common wasp (Vespula vulgaris), German wasp (Vespula germanica), and the western yellowjacket (Vespula pensyl- vanica). Our chromosome-level Vespula assemblies each contain 176–179 Mb of total sequence assembled into 25 scaffolds, with 10–200 unanchored scaffolds, and 16,566–18,948 genes. We annotated gene sets relevant to the applied management of invasive wasp populations, including genes associated with spermatogenesis and development, pesticide resistance, olfactory receptors, immunity and venom. These genomes provide evidence for active DNA methylation in Vespidae and tandem duplications of venom genes. Our genomic resources will contribute to the development of next-generation control strategies, and monitoring potential resistance to chemical control.</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Hydrocarbon Signatures of the Ectoparasitoid Sphecophaga vesparum Shows Wasp Host Dependency

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Cintia Akemi Oi ◽  
Robert L. Brown ◽  
Ian Stevens ◽  
Tom Wenseleers
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Linear Alkanes ◽  
Chemical Profiles

Sphecophaga vesparum often parasitizes nests of vespid wasps such as Vespula vulgaris and Vespula germanica. Inside the colonies, the ectoparasitic larvae feed on the immature forms of the wasps. There are two adult forms of S. vesparum. The large, winged adults emerge from either rigid yellow cocoons or the orange cocoons used for overwintering. The small, brachypterous females emerge from soft, white cocoons. The species is facultative deuterotokous, producing mostly parthenogenic females and infrequently producing males. Here, we describe the production of chemical compounds related to the different developmental forms of the parasitoid S. vesparum (larvae, pupae and adults). We also compare the chemical profiles of the parasitoid wasp adults to those of their two main host species, Vespula vulgaris and Vespula germanica. The results show differences in hydrocarbon composition of larvae, pupae and adults of S. vesparum. Our results also suggest a partial mimicry of each of the two host species, mostly relating to linear alkanes present in both parasitoids and the host vespid wasp species. This matching is likely due to the recycling of the prey’s hydrocarbons, as has been found in other species of parasitoids.

scholarly journals Microbiota of an Invasive Wasp Vespula vulgaris and Hymenopteran relatives: Interpreting the microbiome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Oliver Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
Introduced Range

<p>Invasive species represent a critical threat to ecosystems and ecological communities, causing changes through overwhelming predation as well as competing with native species for resources. Understanding the mechanisms behind invasive success is essential for understanding why they invade and the consequences of their invasions. Furthermore, invasive species, like all macroscopic organisms, harbour symbiotic and pathogenic microbes that constitute their microbiomes, which could explain invasive success.  The complex ecological interaction networks within the microbiome can have a positive or negative impact on host abundance and dominance. These interactions may be significant for invasive species, where microbial influences acting on an exotic host can potentially drive the ecological success of an invasive population to the detriment of recipient communities. This thesis explores the microbiota of one of the most globally invasive species, the common wasp Vespula vulgaris, with the overall aim to investigate and characterise the microbiome of V. vulgaris, using metagenomics, bioinformatics and molecular techniques.  The initial comparative microbiota study focused on three distinct life stages (larvae, worker and queen), from two ranges. This analysis revealed a core bacteriome community present in V. vulgaris. There was evidence of higher microbial diversity in wasp larvae compared with workers and queens. The Queen (gyne) microbiome revealed a more specific microbiome with absences of certain microbiota found in larvae and workers from the same nest, indicating a more distinctive microbiome. Interestingly, analysis of life stages between ranges showed significant dissimilarity in microbiomes, with microbiota loses, and acquisitions in the introduced New Zealand range.  Using the same techniques, the microbiota of V. vulgaris and four hymenopteran hosts (Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris, Vespula germanica and Linepithema humile), were comparatively analysed. The analysis investigated both shared microbiota and host specific microbiota. This analysis indicated the polyphagous V. vulgaris as having a diverse microbiome varying between nests and sites, indicating less specific microbiota in comparison to other hymenopteran hosts in this study.  Vespid wasp colonies are known to occasionally crash in the presence of diseases; however, there is a lack of reliable evidence indicating pathogenic micro-organisms play an essential role in wasp colony dynamics. Incorporating knowledge gained in previous analyses, the next aim was to investigate V. vulgaris nests symptomatic of an infectious agent to discover the cause of pathology. Through molecular techniques, such as Illumina RNA-Seq, PCR and Sanger sequencing, the potential cause of infection and decline of diseased nests was examined. The metatranscriptomic comparison of diseased and healthy larvae highlighted five putative infectious agents. The bacteria Moellerella wisconsensis, Moku virus, Kashmir Bee Virus, Aspergillus and the microsporidian Vavraia culicis floridensis found in infected larvae, potentially causing pathology in the host. The first known instance of Moku virus, and potentially V. culicis floridensis and M. wisconsensis was documented as potential pathogens of V. vulgaris present in New Zealand. To test for potential virulence of these putative infectious agents, an infection study was carried out. Vespula vulgaris nests and larvae were orally infected in the lab using homogenised infected larvae. Subsequently, test and control larvae were sampled to conduct and quantify a time series analysis of infection using RT-qPCR using designed primers.  This dissertation provided the first insight into the microbiome of V. vulgaris in the native and introduced range providing a baseline for further research. This analysis and the subsequent microbiota identified may play a role in wasp population dynamics, giving a better understanding of the observed thriving V. vulgaris population dynamics in New Zealand.</p>

scholarly journals Social wasp (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) beer trapping in Finland 2008-2012: a German surprise

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouni Sorvari
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Wasp ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Short History ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Trapping Location

Beer trapping has been carried out annually in the summer in south western Finland (Turku) from 2008 to 2012 inclusive. In 2012, an additional trapping programme was conducted in southern (Helsinki), central (Kuopio) and northern (Kevo) Finland, which also included another trapping location in the south western (Turku) region. The traps were always presented for seven days in each location. While the median wasp Dolichovespula media (Retzius, 1783) was present in all locations, the common wasp Vespula vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758 was found in five out of six locations (20 traps per site). The Kevo individual represents the northernmost record for the median wasp species. The German wasp Vespula germanica (Fabricius, 1793) was surprisingly common in south western and southern Finland. Vespula germanica has a short history of occurrence in Finland and seems to have shifted its range northwards, possibly due to climate change. Some common species of the genus Dolichovespula Rohwer, 1916 were likely underrepresented, because they are not very attracted by beer.

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