Η ανάπτυξη αναγνωστικών, γλωσσικών και γνωστικών δεξιοτήτων στους μαθητές του δημοτικού σχολείου

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Σοφία Παπαϊωάννου
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Academic Difficulties ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Development Of Language

Development of Cognitive and Academic Abilities in Greek Elementary School Students The development of language and reading skills is closely linked to the maturation ofcognitive abilities. This study focuses on Attention and Executive skills (EFs) and theirconnection with the development of language and reading skills among elementary schoolstudents, with emphasis on reading comprehension. In the context of two studies weexamined: the effect of Attention and EFs on Reading Comprehension controlling for printrelatedskills, the direct and indirect effects of attention, the factors that may moderate theseeffects of cognitive abilities on Reading Comprehension, and the cognitive and academicperformance of children demonstrating teacher-rated ADHD-related symptoms. A battery of tests assessing Sustained Attention, Short-term Memory (STM), EFs, andacademic skills was administered to a representative sample of, largely untreated, Greekelementary school students (N= 597 and N=923, respectively). Attention and EFs contributedsignificant additional variance to the prediction of Reading Comprehension after controllingfor efficiency, accuracy, morphosyntactic and vocabulary knowledge. Attention-relatedabilities contributed to Reading Comprehension indirectly through EFs. The only factor thatmoderated the effects of EFs on Reading Comprehension was Reading Efficiency. Significantdeficits in EFs and STM were restricted to the groups of students displaying inattentionsymptoms. Results demonstrated a close link between EFs, other than inhibition and set-shifting,everyday symptoms of inattention, and achievement in math and word-level reading skills.Reduced performance on EF measures was identified as the most important factor thatdistinguished between students with pervasive academic difficulties and their typicallyachieving peers, regardless of the presence of inattention symptoms. Considering the crosssectionalnature of the present study, our results provide some support to the hypothesis that EF deficits are causally related to developmental academic difficulties, and may set a firmbasis for implementing a cognitive approach to the management of students with ReadingComprehension difficulties and severe inattention symptoms.

Teaching Turkic-speaking school students the morphemic structure of the word in the Russian language classes: ethno-cognitive approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Elena A. Zheleznyakova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Group Words ◽  
Linguistic Material

In a modern Russian school, together with Russian-speaking school students, children of migrants study, for most of whom are native Turkic languages. For foreigners, traditional lessons should be supplemented with corrective lessons in Russian as a non-native language, the effectiveness of which will be high provided that an ethno-cognitive approach to teaching is followed. Learning the morphemic structure of a word based on an ethno-cognitive approach is the subject of this study. The aim is to develop methodic recommendations based on the analysis of the features of the morphemic structure of Turkic words, to identify possible difficulties in mastering the morphemic structure of the Russian word by Turkic-speaking students, and to highlight methods and techniques based on the principles of consciousness and the development of students’ cognitive abilities. Two main difficulties in the field of the morphemic word structure for foreign children are highlighted: Russian inflection and morphological ways of word formation: prefix and prefix-suffix. When working with these topics, the teacher should develop students’ ability to think analytically, comparing and identifying the essential features of a linguistic phenomenon, make assumptions and find confirmation for them. Mastering inflection will be more effective if you group words thematically, work according to ready-made patterns and models of inflection, increase the number of tasks “for substitution” and “for replacement”. The following stages of work on concepts are substantiated: analysis of linguistic material and highlighting the main fea-tures of a concept; generalization of signs, establishing a connection between them and introducing the desired term; concretization of concepts based on new linguistic material.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA KOMIK MATERI MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN UNTUK MENENTUKAN GAGASAN POKOK

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Endah Titik Harjanti
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
T Test ◽  
Research Development ◽  
School Students ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Abstrak Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh rendahnya keterampilan membaca siswa yang disebabkan kurangnya media pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk media komik serta mengetahui kelayakan dan keefektifan produk tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Developement menurut Sugiyono. Penelitian ini melibatkan 36 siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif, uji Paired Sample T-Test, dan uji N-Gain. Pengembangan media komik memperoleh penilaian ahli media sebesar 98,52% dan oleh ahli materi sebesar 90%. Rata-rata nilai siswa di kelas sebelum (pretest) menggunakan media komik adalah 53,61 dan rata-rata nilai sesudah (posttest) menggunakan media komik adalah 77,78. Persentase rata-rata nilai hasil belajar siswa secara klasikal mengalami peningkatan sebesar 66,67%. Media komik efektif digunakan pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia materi membaca pemahaman untuk menentukan gagasan pokok dilihat dari hasil uji Paired Sample T-Test dengan thitung 11,59 dan ttabel 1,69. Data penghitungan N-Gain sebesar 0,54 dilihat dari selisih hasil pretest dan posttest dengan kriteria sedang. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa media komik layak dan efektif digunakan dalam mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia materi membaca pemahaman untuk menentukan gagasan pokok serta bermanfaat meningkatkan keterampilan membaca siswa.   Abstract This research is motivated by the low reading skills of students due to the lack of Indonesian language learning media. This research development aims to produce comic media products and to determine the appropriateness and the effectiveness of these products. This research uses research development method according to the Sugiyono state. This research involved 36 grade IV elementary school students. This data analysis used descriptive statistics techniques, Paired Sample T-Test, and N-Gain test. The development of comic media obtained an assessment of media experts by 98.52% and by material experts by 90%. The average value of students in the class before (pretest) using comic media is 53.61 and the average value after (posttest) using comic media was 77.78. The average percentage of student’s learning outcomes increased by 66.67%. Comic media is effectively used in Indonesian subject matter in reading comprehension to determine the main ideas as seen from the results of the Paired Sample T-Test 11.59 of tcount and 1.69 ttable. The N-Gain calculation data was 0.54 seen from the difference between the pretest and posttest results with medium criteria. From the results of the study it can be concluded that the comic media is appropriate and effective to be used in Indonesian subjects reading comprehension material to determine the main ideas and useful for improved student’s reading skills.

Morphological Supports: Investigating Differences in How Morphological Knowledge Supports Reading Comprehension for Middle School Students With Limited Reading Vocabulary

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda P. Goodwin ◽  
Yaacov Petscher ◽  
Jamie Tock
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Eighth Graders ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
School Students ◽  
Morphological Knowledge ◽  
Moderator Effect ◽  
Reading Vocabulary ◽  
Theory Research ◽  
Morphological Skills

Purpose The current study takes a practical and theoretically grounded look at assessment of morphological knowledge and its potential to deepen understanding of how morphological knowledge supports reading comprehension for students with limited reading vocabulary. Specifically, we explore how different morphological skills support reading comprehension for students with typical reading vocabulary development compared to students with limited reading vocabulary. Method A sample of 1,140 fifth through eighth graders were assessed via a gamified, computer-adaptive measure of language that contained a morphological knowledge assessment. Links to standardized reading comprehension were explored with a focus on determining differences for the 184 students in the sample who showed limited reading vocabulary knowledge. Specifically, multiple regression analyses were used to test for the relation between morphology skills and standardized reading comprehension, as well as the moderator effect of reading vocabulary on the relation between morphological knowledge and standardized reading comprehension. Results Findings indicate that the four instructionally malleable morphological skills identified by the assessment differentially supported reading comprehension. These skills were (a) Morphological Awareness, (b) Syntactic Morphological Knowledge, (c) Semantic Morphological Knowledge, and (d) Phonological/Orthographic Morphological Knowledge. Significant interactions for students with limited reading vocabulary were shown in how the skills of Syntactic Morphological Knowledge, Semantic Morphological Knowledge, and Phonological/Orthographic Morphological Knowledge supported standardized Reading Comprehension. Conclusions Given the challenges students with limited reading vocabulary have with semantic information, Syntactic Morphological Knowledge and Phonological/Orthographic Morphological Knowledge were particularly supportive, suggesting the compensatory role of these morphological skills. In contrast, Semantic Morphological Knowledge had a negative relationship with Reading Comprehension for students with limited reading vocabulary. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.

Double Literacy Effects on Language and Reading Skills in Italian–English Primary School Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Costa ◽  
Maria Teresa Guasti ◽  
Stefania Sharley
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Major concerns still surround literacy education in a foreign language during primary school. In this study, we aim to establish (1) whether bilinguals perform worse in Italian literacy tests than monolinguals; (2) whether literacy skills transfer from Italian to English. We tested 97 Italian–English bilingual first, third and fifth graders (attending two bilingual primary schools in Italy, with a simultaneous 50:50 immersion programme) and a control group of 40 monolingual Italian pupils in grades 1 and 3. All participants were tested in Italian, measuring the following skills: vocabulary, phonological awareness, reading proficiency and verbal short-term memory. Bilingual participants – who had been exposed to Italian since birth and to English within the first three years of their lives – were also tested on the same measures in English. The results showed that bilingual first graders outperformed their monolingual peers in verbal short-term memory, thus revealing a possible cognitive advantage in the early stage of literacy acquisition. Monolingual and bilingual firstand third graders did not differ in reading speed. The two groups made an almost similar number of errors, but the small difference turned out to be statistically significant. Bilingual subjects’ reading attainment was found to be within monolingual normal limits in both languages on all measures except for English reading comprehension, which, together with English vocabulary, was found to be below the English norm. Aside from reading comprehension, on all other measures bilingual children’s performance in Italian correlated with their performance in English, suggesting the presence of cross-linguistic transfer of language and reading skills. 

Effects of STM Span, Syntactic Awareness, and Vocabulary Knowledge on Iranian EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2297
Author(s):  
Katayoun Hashemin ◽  
Asgar Mahmoudi
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Syntactic Awareness ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Knowledge Group

The present study aimed at investigating the effects of Short-Term Memory (STM) span, syntactic awareness, and vocabulary knowledge on Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension. The research data were collected using quantitative methods. The data collection instruments included Oxford Placement Test, a working memory span test, and reading pretests and posttests. Sixty seven female intermediate level students were randomly assigned into the three groups of control, syntactic awareness, and vocabulary knowledge. Their performances then were measured and analyzed. Not only did the results reveal that there was a significant difference between the experimental groups and the control group in reading comprehension but also a significant difference between the two experimental groups. In other words, students in the vocabulary knowledge group benefitted more than students in the syntactic awareness. In addition, findings from the study indicated that STM does not affect reading comprehension ability of the students.

scholarly journals Oculomotor Activity During Reading in Elementary School-Aged Students with Different Cognitive Skills

2020 ◽  
pp. 280-296
Author(s):  
Ekaterina А. Budenkova
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
School Students ◽  
Wrong Answer ◽  
Poor Reading ◽  
Reading Technique

Eye movements provide relevant information about the functional state of some cognitive functions. The connection between eye movements and cognitive processes is based on the anatomical and functional overlap of structures controlling them in different parts of the brain. Various human activities, including reading, are associated with eye movements. Reading skills include two components: reading technique (a motor component) and reading comprehension (a cognitive component). Monitoring and interpretation of oculomotor response is a useful tool for studying the reading process. The present study characterizes saccadic and fixation eye-movement components in 7-8 year-old elementary school students that showed poor reading comprehension. The students were divided into three groups based on answer quality: giving no answer, giving a wrong answer, and coping with the task only with a prompt. The groups were found to differ in the amplitude, velocity, and deceleration of pro- and regressive saccades and the average duration of fixations per word. Thus, eye-movement parameters can be used to characterize the groups of schoolchildren that experience difficulty in reading comprehension or in formulating an answer to a semantic question. The present study contributes insight into various cognitive reading strategies and can be useful for creating personal learning paths for elementary school students to master reading skills, which are important for social success

scholarly journals LA INFLUENCIA DE LA MEMORIA Y LAS ESTRATEGIAS DE APRENDIZAJE EN RELACIÓN A LA COMPRENSIÓN LECTORA EN ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Álvaro Muelas Plaza
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Basic Skills ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Education Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Educación Primaria

Abstract.The difficulties of reading comprehension by primary school students is a widespread problem in many different educational settings. This difficulty affects the learning of all educational areas, since they mainly use written language to express the content and assess their learning, hence, reading literacy is one of the basic skills that the school should develop in students. Reading and writing are priorities in primary education and in the context of basic skills at the end of this stage, students should be able to read their own texts independently and age to be able to use the resources to overcome the difficulties which arise from the understanding of a text. Accordingly, during primary education , students must get a reading, in addition to comprehensive, interpretive (taking into account the experience of the reader) and valuation. To do this, both memory and learning strategies play an important role. Regarding memory, given its structural model, in many cases, the students will have a deficit in reading comprehension because they have difficulties in relation to their sensory memory, comprising the exteroceptive senses (sight, taste, hearing, smell and touch). Failure to reach information correctly to the corresponding lobes of the brain, makes it can not be properly encoded by the students, causing all of the information that reaches the short term memory of the student, I have little meaning for him, making the grade reader compression is low. Concerning learning strategies have a key role to work reading comprehension of students. In our classrooms, we must provide students from early ages of a set of strategies (motivation , attention, information processing , critical thinking, etc.). To encourage and assist in understanding a text, and essentially that is the way for adequate academic performance.Keywords: Reading Comprehension - memory - learning strategies - academic achievement - student.Resumen.Las dificultades de comprensión lectora por parte de los estudiantes de educación primaria es un problema generalizado en ambientes educativos muy diversos. Esta dificultad repercute en el aprendizaje de todas las áreas educativas, puesto que éstas utilizan principalmente el lenguaje escrito para expresar los contenidos y evaluar sus aprendizajes; por ello, la competencia lectora es una de las competencias básicas que la escuela debe desarrollar en los estudiantes. Leer y escribir son objetivos prioritarios en la educación primaria y, en el contexto de las competencias básicas, al final de esta etapa los alumnos han de poder leer textos propios de su edad de forma autónoma y ser capaces de utilizar los recursos necesarios para superar las dificultades que pueda plantear la comprensión de un texto. Para ello, durante la educación primaria, los estudiantes deben conseguir realizar una lectura, además de comprensiva, interpretativa (teniendo en cuenta la experiencia del lector) y valorativa. Para ello, tanto la memoria como las estrategias de aprendizaje tienen un papel muy importante. En relación a la memoria, teniendo en cuenta su modelo estructural, en muchas ocasiones, los alumnos tienen un déficit en comprensión lectora debido a que presentan dificultades en relación a su memoria sensorial, compuesta por los sentidos exteroceptivos (vista, gusto, oído, olfato y tacto). Al no llegar correctamente la información a los lóbulos correspondientes del cerebro, hace que no pueda ser codificada correctamente por los estudiantes, provocando que toda la información que llega a la memoria a corto plazo del alumno, tenga poco significado para él, haciendo que el grado de compresión lector sea bajo. Respecto a las estrategias de aprendizaje, tienen un papel fundamental a la hora de trabajar la comprensión lectora de los estudiantes. En nuestras aulas, se debe dotar a los estudiantes desde edades tempranas de un conjunto de estrategias (motivación, atención, elaboración de la información, pensamiento crítico, etc. ) que favorezcan y ayuden a la hora de comprender un texto, y fundamentalmente, que sea el camino para un adecuado rendimiento académico.Palabras clave: Comprensión lectora – memoria – estrategias de aprendizaje – rendimiento académico – estudiante.

scholarly journals Reading Comprehension Problems on English Texts Faced By High School Students in Medan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohani Ganie ◽  
Deliana . ◽  
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
School Students ◽  
Advanced Level

In the English teaching and learning process, there are four skills that are identified as very important; listening, speaking, reading and writing. The Indonesian government places English as a compulsory subject for junior and senior high school. But in practice, teaching English is not too maximal. Reading skills in this case reading English texts is very important because by reading it is open the opportunity to absorb other existing knowledge. Reading comprehension is an advanced level of reading skills. Senior high school students are expected to have mastered the comprehension skills of reading English texts at an advanced level. This is because most likely at the level of lectures these students are required to read English reference books. Therefore, research that reveals the problems that exist in the teaching and learning process of Reading Comprehension English texts needs to be done. Data sources were the articles about teaching English, focusing in the problem of reading comprehension. Data were words and sentences from the articles. The analysis technique used was thematic analysis. Based on the research, problem face by student in reading comprehension of English text was majoring in three theme; 1. Problems from the student self, 2. Problems from the teacher, and 3.External problems. Problems from the student self consist of three part; student basic English ability, less attraction on the subject and not motivated. Problems from the teacher were not using any method while teaching and used inappropriate method. External problems were material and environment.

scholarly journals The associations between working memory and the effects of multimedia input on L2 vocabulary learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Feng Teng ◽  
Danyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Span Test ◽  
L2 Vocabulary

Abstract The efficient use of working memory (WM) increases the potential of a learner’s cognitive abilities in learning through multimedia. The present study aims to explore the role of working memory in vocabulary learning through multimedia input. In particular, we explore the possible associations between two components of WM – executive WM and phonological short-term memory (PSTM) – and the effects of three types of input conditions (Definition + Word information + Video, Definition + Word information, and Definition) on second language (L2) vocabulary learning. A total of 95 students completed learning under the three conditions and took two WM tests: a reading span test, which measures complex executive WM, and a non-word span test, which gauges PSTM. We administered a vocabulary knowledge test, which included receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge, immediately and after two weeks. Our findings, based on repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), support the pronounced effects of the Definition + Word information + Video condition in vocabulary learning and retention, as well as the significant role of complex and phonological WM in vocabulary learning and retention under the three conditions. Theoretical and pedagogical implications concerning the role of WM in vocabulary learning through multimedia input are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document