scholarly journals Οικολογικά πρότυπα και συμβολή στη μελέτη της γενετικής διαφοροποίησης των πολυχαιτών σε περιοχές σκληρού υποστρώματος στην Κρήτη

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Γεώργιος Χατζηγεωργίου
Keyword(s):  
Hermodice Carunculata ◽  
Suction Sampler

Στην παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή μελετώνται οι οργανισμικές συνευρέσεις της ταξοκοινωνίας των Πολυχαίτων αλλά και η πληθυσμιακή γενετική δομή ενός από τα πλέον άφθονα είδη, σε δύο περιοχές σκληρού υποστρώματος. Δύο διαδοχικές δειγματοληπτικές προσπάθειες πραγματοποιήθηκαν τα έτη 2007-2008 στις περιοχές Αλυκές και Ελούντα (βόρεια κεντρική και ανατολική ακτή της Κρήτης αντίστοιχα) με βάση το πρωτόκολλο του προγράμματος NaGISA. Σύμφωνα με το συγκεκριμένο πρωτόκολλο από κάθε περιοχή πέντε επαναληπτικά δείγματα συλλέγονται από τρεις περιοχές της μεσοπαραλιακής και από πέντε βάθη της υποπαραλιακής ζώνης. Η συλλογή των οργανισμών πραγματοποιήθηκε με την βοήθεια υποθαλάσσιας αναρροφητικής συσκευής. Από τα προβλήματα στη χρήση της, προέκυψε η ανάγκη κατασκευής νέου δειγματοληπτικού εργαλείου. Ο νέος δειγματολήπτης που κατασκευάστηκε, ονομάζεται ManOSS (Manually Operated Suction Sampler) και συνδυάζει χαρακτηριστικά από τους δειγματολήπτες τύπου ΣΑΝΑ (συσκευή αναρρόφησης με αέρα) και ΥΔΑ (υδραυλική αντλία). Τα πρώτα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι ο ManOSS εμφανίζει αξιοσημείωτα πλεονεκτήματα σε σχέση με τα έως τώρα δειγματοληπτικά εργαλεία. Από τις αναλύσεις στο βιοκοινοτικό επίπεδο προέκυψε ότι οι δύο περιοχές δειγματοληψίας είναι δυνατόν να θεωρηθούν αντιπροσωπευτικές της Μεσογείου, μόνο κάτω από ορισμένες προϋποθέσεις. Παράλληλα με τη βοήθεια των δεικτών της ταξινομικής διακριτότητας (μέσος όρος και μεταβλητότητα), βρέθηκε ότι τα πρότυπα κατανομής των ειδών με βάση την πιο άφθονη οικογένεια της υποπαραλιακής ζώνης (Syllidae), είναι δυνατόν να θεωρηθούν τυχαία μόνο στα μικρά επίπεδα χωρικής παρατήρησης (επαναληπτικό δείγμα και δειγματοληπτικό βάθος). Η ταυτότητα των δεδομένων αποτέλεσε το μόνο παράγοντα που βρέθηκε να επηρεάζει τα πρότυπα κατανομής της πολυχαιτοπανίδας των μεσοπαραλιακών περιοχών της Μεσογείου. Ουσιαστικά, ο παράγοντας αυτός περικλείει ένα σύνολο άλλων παραγόντων, που επηρεάζουν όλη τη δομή της έρευνας από τα αρχικά επιστημονικά ερωτήματα μέχρι την ερμηνεία των αποτελεσμάτων και τα εξαγόμενα συμπεράσματα. Για την πληθυσμιακή γενετική ανάλυση εξετάστηκαν 80 άτομα του είδους Hermodice carunculata (40 από κάθε περιοχή). Βρέθηκαν σημαντικές διαφορές στη κατανομή των απλοτύπων, αφού από τους συνολικά 15 απλότυπους μόνο ένας εμφανίζεται κοινός, ενώ οι υπόλοιποι κατανέμονται ισομερώς στις δύο περιοχές. Τέλος, παρατηρήθηκε ότι ο δείκτης ποικιλότητας κίνησης, bw, ο οποίος υπολογίστηκε με βάση την ταξοκοινωνία των Πολυχαίτων από τις δύο περιοχές δειγματοληψίας, και ο γενετικός δείκτης FST , ο οποίος υπολογίστηκε με βάση τη συχνότητα εμφάνισης των αλληλόμορφων του είδους H. carunculata στις δύο περιοχές μελέτης, λαμβάνουν σχεδόν ταυτόσημες τιμές. Το εύρημα αυτό είναι δυνατόν να αποτελέσει μια πρώτη ένδειξη για τη συσχέτιση του βαθμού διαφοροποίησης όπως αυτή παράγεται από το επίπεδο της δια - πληθυσμιακή γενετική δομή ενός είδους και της ταξοκοινωνίας.

Fireworms (Amphinomidae: Annelida) from Ascension and Saint Helena Island, Central South Atlantic Ocean

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Yáñez-Rivera ◽  
Judith Brown
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
South Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
The West ◽  
Hermodice Carunculata ◽  
The Family ◽  
Volcanic Islands ◽  
Central South

Ascension and Saint Helena Islands are isolated volcanic islands in the South Atlantic Ocean. Records of annelids from the family Amphinomidae, commonly known as fireworms, are rare. Fireworm species recorded in both localities includeEurythoe complanataandHermodice carunculata,which are broadly distributed throughout the Atlantic Ocean. Here we present the characterization of both species from a recent expedition to Ascension and Saint Helena. Morphologically, specimens fromH. carunculatacorrespond to the West Atlantic population, whileE. complanataspecimens were clearly identified based on chaetal type. A genetic analysis, including material from Ascension and Saint Helena Islands, will be necessary to elucidate the genetic connectivity across the Atlantic Ocean.

scholarly journals Animais Venenosos em Território Português: Abordagem Clínica de Picadas e Mordeduras

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Sofia R. Valdoleiros ◽  
Inês Correia Gonçalves ◽  
Carolina Silva ◽  
Diogo Guerra ◽  
Lino André Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Thaumetopoea Pityocampa ◽  
Hermodice Carunculata ◽  
Spider Bites

There are many native species of animals with the potential to cause severe disease in Portugal. Of the four clinically relevant snake species, the vipers (Vipera latastei and Vipera seoanei) are the most concerning. They can cause severe disease and require in-hospital management, monitoring and specific treatment, including the administration of anti-snake venom serum. The Malpolon monspessulanus and Macroprotodon brevis snakes cause mostly localized clinical manifestations, which do not require specific treatment. Only a minority of the spider species in Portugal possess chelicerae (mouthparts of the Chelicerata, shaped as either articulated fangs or pincers, which may contain venom or be connected to the venom glands and are used for predation or capture of food) long enough to perforate the human skin. Nevertheless, Latrodectus tredecimguttatus and Loxosceles rufescens spider bites may require specialized treatment in a hospital setting, as well as careful active symptom surveillance. Diversely, the treatment for Scolopendra cingulata and Scolopendra oraniensis centipedes’ bites is merely symptomatic. The only existing scorpion species in Portugal is the Buthus ibericus; its sting typically causes local symptoms with intense pain, and its treatment consists essentially of analgesia. The insects of the Hymenoptera order, such as bees and wasps, have the ability to inject venom into the skin. Most people present only with local or regional inflammatory response, and symptomatic treatment is usually effective. Even so, individuals with hypersensitivity to bee venom may develop anaphylaxis. Several marine species in the Portuguese coast are venomous to humans, including weeverfish (Trachinidae family), stingrays (Dasyatis pastinaca, Taeniura grabata, Myliobatis aquila), red scorpion fish (Scorpaena scrofa), cnidaria (Pelagia noctiluca, Chrysaora hysoscella, Physalia physalis) and bearded fireworm (Hermodice carunculata); treatment is symptomatic. Contact with the larvae or bristles (chitinous structures with locomotor or tactile functions) of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (pine processionary) can cause cutaneous, ocular and, rarely, respiratory reactions; its management is also symptomatic.

A Hand-Operated Suction Sampler for the Collection of Subtidal Organisms

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1031-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tanner ◽  
M. W. Hawkes ◽  
P. A. Lebednik ◽  
E. Duffield
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Benthic Algae ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Scuba Divers ◽  
Suction Sampler

A hand-operated suction sampler is described for use by SCUBA divers. The sampler is simple in construction and compact in size, and it provides a means by which diminutive benthic algae, invertebrates, or fish may be collected. Key words: algae, benthic organisms, sampling device, SCUBA, suction sampler

THE COELOMOCYTES OF HERMODICE CARUNCULATA (POLYCHAETA: AMPHINOMIDAE) IN RELATION TO DIGESTION AND EXCRETION

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Rattenbury Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
The Body ◽  
Posterior Intestine ◽  
Hermodice Carunculata ◽  
Intracellular Digestion ◽  
Anterior Intestine ◽  
Food Digestion

In Hermodice carunculata the anterior intestine is the part of the gut most active in the digestion of food. Digestion involves secretion by two types of cell and probably also intracellular digestion by invading coelomocytes. Amoebocytic cells appear to be active in the absorption of food in both the anterior and posterior intestine. Disposal of particulate waste also concerns amoebocytic cells which accumulate materials in a band along the midventral line of the body wall and in the middorsal line of the eversible buccal cavity and pharynx. From these bands small masses of particulate material are periodically shed.

scholarly journals New Evidence of Marine Fauna Tropicalization off the Southwestern Iberian Peninsula (Southwest Europe)

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Encarnação ◽  
Pedro Morais ◽  
Vânia Baptista ◽  
Joana Cruz ◽  
Maria Teodósio
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Aquatic Fauna ◽  
Hermodice Carunculata ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Poleward Shift ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Potential Public Health

Climate change and the overall increase of seawater temperature are causing a poleward shift in species distribution, which includes a phenomenon described as the tropicalization of temperate regions. This work aims to report the first records of four species off the southwestern Iberian Peninsula, namely, the oceanic puffer Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758), the Madeira rockfish Scorpaena maderensis Valenciennes, 1833, the ornate wrasse Thalassoma pavo (Linnaeus, 1758), and the bearded fireworm Hermodice carunculata (Pallas, 1766). These last three species, along with other occurrences of aquatic fauna and flora along the Portuguese coast, reveal an ongoing process of poleward expansion of several species, which urgently necessitates a comprehensive survey along the entire Iberian Peninsula. The putative origins of these subtropical and tropical species off continental Portugal are discussed, as well as the potential public health problems that two of the four reported species may cause.

Morphometric and molecular characterization of an expanding Ionian population of the fireworm Hermodice carunculata (Annelida)

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 1569-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Righi ◽  
Isabella Maletti ◽  
Ferruccio Maltagliati ◽  
Alberto Castelli ◽  
Michele Barbieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic History ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Hermodice Carunculata ◽  
Scuba Divers ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Individual Size ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe amphinomid fireworm Hermodice carunculata is a potentially invasive species reported throughout the subtropical Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, which is known as a generalist predator and opportunistic feeder. The ongoing climate changes and seawater warming may favour fireworm poleward range expansions and density increases. Our results provide the first investigation into a population which has purportedly been spreading widely in the Salento Peninsula (Apulia, Italy). The specimens were analysed using allometric variables and molecular markers. The best morphometric parameters to estimate individual size were determined as key information for future studies on fireworm population dynamics. To phylogeographically characterize the Apulian population, sequences of the mitochondrial COI and 16S rDNA regions were obtained from a pool of individuals and treated together with those of Atlantic specimens retrieved from GenBank. The estimates of genetic variability for Apulian population were consistent with those recently reported in the literature. Inferences on demographic history analysis confirmed a recent expansion event in Apulia, as has been recounted by fishermen and scuba divers during recent years. Overall, these results constitute a crucial step in the characterization of present-day H. carunculata populations, and provide greater insight into fireworm population ecology.

Efficiency estimates of a stream Benthos suction sampler

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
IO Growns
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sampling Efficiency ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Suction Sampler ◽  
Multiple Samples ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Fauna

The efficiency of a modified Boulton suction sampler was tested in 2 riffle zones, using multiple removals. Macroinvertebrate fauna was sampled with approximately 70% efficiency on first removal, while organic matter was sampled with 55% efficiency. Sampling efficiencies for specific taxa ranged from 86% (Plecoptera) to 66% (Chironomidae) and 59% (Trichoptera). The results of this study indicate that sampling efficiency can be improved either by taking multiple samples at one location or by increasing the time spent disturbing the substratum and pumping water from the stand pipe. The results also indicate the importance of conducting pilot studies to determine the efficiency of a sampler at sites where the efficiency is likely to be different.

A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON DIGESTIVE ENZYMES OF HERMODICE CARUNCULATA

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Rattenbury Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Posterior Intestine ◽  
Digestive Function ◽  
Hermodice Carunculata ◽  
Fish Flesh ◽  
Anterior Intestine

Extracts of the various regions of the digestive tract of Hermodice carunculata (Amphinomidae;Polychaeta) were tested for the digestion of olive oil, gelatin, fish flesh, and starch and for the production of glucose. The buccal region was found to lack amylytic enzymes. The pharynx, oesophagus, and anterior intestine produce all three categories of enzyme, lipase, protease, and amylase. The posterior intestine lacks a lipase. The probable digestive function of each region of the digestive tract is discussed as well as the significance of the dark tracts on the mid-ventral body wall and mid-dorsal pharyngeal lining.

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