scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE CAUSES OF THE SLIDING ON THE 123KM ON THE KORINTHOS-TRIPOLIS NATIONAL ROAD AND WORKING TECHNIQUES TO RESTORE THE STABILITY

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1781
Author(s):  
Π. Μαρίνος ◽  
M. Καββαδάς ◽  
Γ. Ντουνιάς ◽  
Α. Προβιά
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Network ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Additional Load ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Unstable Slope ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Remedial Work ◽  
National Road ◽  
Geomorphological Features

The paper deals with the important landslide of a 220m width at the area of the 123km on the Korinthos-Tripolis national road as well as the remedial measures in order to restore the stability of the road. The sliding caused the traffic interruption on the national road at 08/02/2003 and for the next two months. The service was restored after the development of a bypass road on the same position with the sliding. The geomorphological features of the area indicate that there were sliding problems in the past which they became serious after the construction of the national road by the additional load of the embankment of the road and the increased infiltrations. The main remedial work was the toe buttress of the unstable slope by the construction of a 15m high fence in the valley and appropriate drainage on the foot of the sliding and at the same time it is re-arranged the riverbed through the development of a sewer along with the use of a drainage network.

scholarly journals PENILAIAN KONDISI JALAN PADA RUAS JALAN KM. 77 (BATAS PIDIE) - BATAS KOTA SIGLI

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-592
Author(s):  
Evi Zulfan ◽  
Sofyan M. Saleh ◽  
Yuhanis Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
International Roughness Index ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
The Road ◽  
Roughness Index ◽  
Surface Distress ◽  
The Stability ◽  
National Road

Abstract : Road maintenance activities is one part of the road management and road organizer shall prioritize road maintenance to maintain the level of services in accordance with defined minimum service standards. Assessment of road conditions resulting from the survey activities. Km.77 (Batas Pidie) - Batas Kota Sigli is a national road with a length of 29.34 Km. Rating national road refers Free Road Condition Survey, No. SMD-03 / RC (relationship International Roughness Index, IRI-Surface Distress Index, SDI), which is only capable of supporting votes to traffic lanes. This research is assessed road conditions and a comparative analysis (IRI-SDI indicators and per-percentage area of damage) on the carriageway. The method used in the study, refers to the Minister of Public Works  No. 15 / PRT / M / 2007 and No. 13 / PRT / M / 2013, which is able to support the assessment of traffic lanes, shoulders, and complementary buildings (BPLK) with elements: median, ditches, culverts, retaining walls, island roads and sidewalks. The condition of the road is done through a detailed survey of road conditions with the visual method followed by processing and analyzing data, producing road conditions, type of treatment and allocation of the required budget requirements. The results show the value of the condition is above 60% steady-state condition and needs maintenance budget of Rp. 113,645,850,000.00 for all elements of the road. From the results of a comparative analysis of known value of a deviation of 4.77% for the stability of the road and -Rp.98.825.850.000,00 for road maintenance budget requirements.Abstrak: Kegiatan pemeliharaan jalan merupakan salah satu bagian dari penyelenggaraan jalan dan penyelenggara jalan wajib memperioritaskan pemeliharaan jalan untuk mempertahankan tingkat pelayanan sesuai dengan standar pelayanan minimal yang ditetapkan. Kegiatan penilaian kondisi jalan dihasilkan dari kegiatan survei jalan. Ruas jalan Km.77 (Batas Pidie) - Batas Kota Sigli merupakan ruas jalan nasional dengan panjang 29,34 Km. Penilaian ruas jalan nasional mengacu pada Panduan Survei Kondisi Jalan, No. SMD-03/RC (hubungan International Roughness Index, IRI - Surface Distress Index, SDI), yang hanya mampu mendukung penilaian untuk jalur lalu lintas. Penilitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai kondisi jalan dan analisis perbandingan (Indikator IRI - SDI dan persentase luasan kerusakan) pada jalur lalu lintas. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian, mengacu pada Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum (Permen PU) Nomor : 15/PRT/M/2007 dan Nomor : 13/PRT/M/2013, yang mampu mendukung penilaian jalur lalu lintas, bahu jalan, dan bangunan pelengkap (BPLK) dengan elemen : median, saluran samping, gorong-gorong, tembok penahan tanah, pulau jalan dan trotoar. Penilaian kondisi jalan dilakukan melalui survei kondisi rinci jalan dengan metode visual dilanjutkan dengan pengolahan dan analisis data, yang menghasilkan kondisi jalan, jenis penanganan dan alokasi kebutuhan anggaran yang dibutuhkan. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui nilai kondisi berada diatas 60 % kondisi mantap dan kebutuhan anggaran pemeliharaan Rp. 113.645.850.000,00 untuk seluruh elemen jalan. Dari hasil analisis perbandingan diketahui nilai deviasi sebesar 4,77 % untuk kemantapan jalan dan -Rp. 98.825.850.000,00 untuk kebutuhan anggaran pemeliharaan jalan.

scholarly journals Prediksi Daerah Rawan Longsor Pada Kawasan Pengembangan Jalan Nasional Pulau Sanana di Maluku Utara

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Pieter Kunu ◽  
Marcus Luhukay
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Cutting Slope ◽  
Stability Of Slopes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
National Road

Research has been conducted with the aim of mapping a potential landslide of soil that is alleged to be happening on a national road development area on the island of North Maluku Sanana island because in some locations excavations or cutting slope were conducted for build trails. Research was done by survey method, by analysis of land as well as the analysis of soil samples in the laboratory against some physical-chemical soil parameters to predict the potential for landslide of soil. The results showed that in the developed area of national roads, there were some points or locations with the potential landslide. However, by cutting slope of landslide the potential became greater, things which would be very threatening road users on the sections of the road that passes through the hilly and mountainous regions. The cutting slopes have been disturbing the equilibrium slope stability or lower slopes so the landslide is easy to happen. Mitigation efforts can be done by building a retaining structure at the foot of the slopes, the angle of the cutting slope made slightly sloping and in the upper part land use should be preserved and enriched with plant conservation to improve the stability of slopes. Keywords: a potential avalanche of soil, national road, slope stability   ABSTRAK Penelitian telah dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memetakan potensi longsoran tanah yang diduga akan terjadi pada kawasan pengembangan jalan nasional di Pulau Sanana Maluku Utara karena di beberapa lokasi dilakukan penggalian atau pemotongan lereng untuk membangun jalur jalan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey dengan analisis lahan serta analisis sampel tanah di laboratorium terhadap beberapa parameter fisik-kimia tanah untuk memprediksi potensi longsoran tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kawasan ruas jalan nasional yang dikembangkan terdapat beberapa titik atau lokasi dengan potensi longsoran tergolong sedang. Namun dengan adanya pemotongan lereng maka potensi longsoran menjadi semakin besar, hal mana akan sangat mengancam pengguna jalan di ruas-ruas jalan yang melewati kawasan berbukit dan bergunung. Pemotongan lereng telah mengganggu keseimbangan lereng atau menurunkan stabilitas lereng sehingga longsoran mudah terjadi. Upaya mitigasi dapat dilakukan dengan membangun struktur penahan di kaki lereng, sudut pemotongan lereng dibuat landai dan penggunaan lahan di bagian atas lereng harus dipertahankan dan diperkayadengan tanaman konservasi untuk meningkatkan stabilitas lereng yang sudah terganggu. Kata kunci: jalan nasional, potensi longsoran tanah, stabilitas lereng

Stability and Folding of the Unusually Stable Hemoglobin from Synechocystis is Subtly Optimized and Dependent on the Key Heme Pocket Residues.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheetal Uppal ◽  
Mohd. Asim Khan ◽  
Suman Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Molten Globule ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Model System ◽  
Heme Pocket ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Key Residues ◽  
Synechocystis Sp

Aims: The aim of our study is to understand the biophysical traits that govern the stability and folding of Synechocystis hemoglobin, a unique cyanobacterial globin that displays unusual traits not observed in any of the other globins discovered so far. Background: For the past few decades, classical hemoglobins such as vertebrate hemoglobin and myoglobin have been extensively studied to unravel the stability and folding mechanisms of hemoglobins. However, the expanding wealth of hemoglobins identified in all life forms with novel properties, like heme coordination chemistry and globin fold, have added complexity and challenges to the understanding of hemoglobin stability, which has not been adequately addressed. Here, we explored the unique truncated and hexacoordinate hemoglobin from the freshwater cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 known as “Synechocystis hemoglobin (SynHb)”. The “three histidines” linkages to heme are novel to this cyanobacterial hemoglobin. Objective: Mutational studies were employed to decipher the residues within the heme pocket that dictate the stability and folding of SynHb. Methods: Site-directed mutants of SynHb were generated and analyzed using a repertoire of spectroscopic and calorimetric tools. Result: The results revealed that the heme was stably associated to the protein under all denaturing conditions with His117 playing the anchoring role. The studies also highlighted the possibility of existence of a “molten globule” like intermediate at acidic pH in this exceptionally thermostable globin. His117 and other key residues in the heme pocket play an indispensable role in imparting significant polypeptide stability. Conclusion: Synechocystis hemoglobin presents an important model system for investigations of protein folding and stability in general. The heme pocket residues influenced the folding and stability of SynHb in a very subtle and specific manner and may have been optimized to make this Hb the most stable known as of date. Other: The knowledge gained hereby about the influence of heme pocket amino acid side chains on stability and expression is currently being utilized to improve the stability of recombinant human Hbs for efficient use as oxygen delivery vehicles.

scholarly journals Copper Phyllosilicates-Derived Catalysts in the Production of Alcohols from Hydrogenation of Carboxylates, Carboxylic Acids, Carbonates, Formyls, and CO2: A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Dien-Thien To ◽  
Yu-Chuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Spatial Effect ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Size Interaction

Copper phyllosilicates-derived catalysts (CuPS-cats) have been intensively explored in the past two decades due to their promising activity in carbonyls hydrogenation. However, CuPS-cats have not been completely reviewed. This paper focuses on the aspects concerning CuPS-cats from synthesis methods, effects of preparation conditions, and dopant to catalytic applications of CuPS-cats. The applications of CuPS-cats include the hydrogenation of carboxylates, carboxylic acids, carbonates, formyls, and CO2 to their respective alcohols. Besides, important factors such as the Cu dispersion, Cu+ and Cu0 surface areas, particles size, interaction between Cu and supports and dopants, morphologies, and spatial effect on catalytic performance of CuPS-cats are discussed. The deactivation and remedial actions to improve the stability of CuPS-cats are summarized. It ends up with the challenges and prospective by using this type of catalyst.

scholarly journals Relationship between Cycling Infrastructure and Transportation Cycling in a Small Urban Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Richard Larouche ◽  
Nimesh Patel ◽  
Jennifer L. Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small City ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
The Relationship

The role of infrastructure in encouraging transportation cycling in smaller cities with a low prevalence of cycling remains unclear. To investigate the relationship between the presence of infrastructure and transportation cycling in a small city (Lethbridge, AB, Canada), we interviewed 246 adults along a recently-constructed bicycle boulevard and two comparison streets with no recent changes in cycling infrastructure. One comparison street had a separate multi-use path and the other had no cycling infrastructure. Questions addressed time spent cycling in the past week and 2 years prior and potential socio-demographic and psychosocial correlates of cycling, including safety concerns. Finally, we asked participants what could be done to make cycling safer and more attractive. We examined predictors of cycling using gender-stratified generalized linear models. Women interviewed along the street with a separate path reported cycling more than women on the other streets. A more favorable attitude towards cycling and greater habit strength were associated with more cycling in both men and women. Qualitative data revealed generally positive views about the bicycle boulevard, a need for education about sharing the road and for better cycling infrastructure in general. Our results suggest that, even in smaller cities, cycling infrastructure may encourage cycling, especially among women.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic and Energy Efficiency Analysis of a Domestic Refrigerator Using Al2O3 Nano-Refrigerant

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5659
Author(s):  
Farhood Sarrafzadeh Javadi ◽  
Rahman Saidur
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Nanoparticle Concentration ◽  
Evaporator Temperature ◽  
Domestic Refrigerator ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nano Lubricant ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Energy Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Al2o3 Nanofluid

Refrigeration systems have experienced massive technological changes in the past 50 years. Nanotechnology can lead to a promising technological leap in the refrigeration industry. Nano-refrigerant still remains unknown because of the complexity of the phase change process of the mixture including refrigerant, lubricant, and nanoparticle. In this study, the stability of Al2O3 nanofluid and the performance of a nano-refrigerant-based domestic refrigerator have been experimentally investigated, with the focus on the thermodynamic and energy approaches. It was found that by increasing the nanoparticle concentration, the stability of nano-lubricant was decreased and evaporator temperature gradient was increased. The average of the temperature gradient increment in the evaporator was 20.2% in case of using 0.1%-Al2O3. The results showed that the energy consumption of the refrigerator reduced around 2.69% when 0.1%-Al2O3 nanoparticle was added to the system.

scholarly journals Measurements of urban traffic parameters before and after road reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-376
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bąkowski ◽  
Leszek Radziszewski
Keyword(s):  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
The Road ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
National Road ◽  
The City ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The study analyzed the parameters of vehicle traffic and noise on the national road in the section in the city from 2011 to 2016. In 2013–2014 this road was reconstructed. It was found that in most cases, the distribution of the tested variable was not normal. The median and selected percentiles of vehicle traffic parameters and noise were examined. The variability and type A uncertainty of the results were described and evaluated. The results obtained for the data recorded on working and non-working days were compared. The vehicle cumulative speed distributions, for two-way four-lane road segments in both directions were analyzed. A mathematical model of normalized traffic flow has been proposed. Fit factor R2 of the proposed equations to the experimental data for passenger vehicles ranges from 0.93 to 0.99. It has been shown that two years after the road reconstruction, the median noise level did not increase even though traffic volumes and vehicle speeds increased. The Cnossos noise model was validated for data recorded over a period of 6 years. A very good agreement of the medians determined according to the Cnossos-EU model and the measured ones was obtained. It should be noted, however, that for the other analyzed percentiles, e.g. 95%, the discrepancies are larger.

scholarly journals “Buried Alive”: Experience, Memory, and the Interwar Publishing of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force in Postwar Britain, 1915-1939

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Fantauzzo
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Home Front ◽  
Sinai Peninsula ◽  
World War ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
War Narrative ◽  
War Machine ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Over 450,000 British soldiers fought as part of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Between 1915-1918, they fought their way across the Sinai Peninsula, into southern Palestine, captured Jerusalem, and overran the Turkish Army, leading to the surrender of the Ottoman Empire in October 1918. Despite being the war’s most successful sideshow, the Egypt and Palestine campaign struggled to gain popular attention and has largely been excluded from First World War scholarship. This article argues that returning soldiers used war books to rehabilitate the campaign’s public profile and to renegotiate the meaning of wartime service in interwar Britain. The result of sporadic press attention and censorship during the war, the British public’s understanding of the campaign was poor. Periodic access to home front news meant that most soldiers likely learnt of their absence from Britain’s war narrative during the war years. Confronting the belief that the campaign, prior to the capture of Jerusalem, was an inactive theatre of war, British soldiers refashioned themselves as military labourers, paving the road to Jerusalem and building the British war machine. As offensive action intensified, soldiers could look to the past to provide meaning to the present. Allusions to the campaign as a crusade were frequently made and used to compete with the moral righteousness of the liberation of Belgium.

The Stability Control of Soft Soil Foundations of Urban Roads According to the Surface Subsidence Monitoring Data

2013 ◽  
Vol 859 ◽  
pp. 222-227
Author(s):  
Hong Jun Liu ◽  
Jin Hua Tan ◽  
Xue Wen Su ◽  
Hao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Soft Soil ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Surface Subsidence ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Road ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Soil Foundation ◽  
The Stability

Two typical monitoring sections are selected for obtaining the change law of the surface subsidence and the settlement after construction of soft soil foundations, and determining the reasonable unloading time. The research results show that the surface settlement rate is large during the filling stage, the rate decreases after the loading and gradually stabilized. The embankment midline settlement is larger than the settlement of the road shoulder which is concluded from the fact that the subsidence of the middle settlement plate is larger than those of the left and right plate. The surface subsidence rate is less than 5mm per month during the two month before unloading according to the data in the tables. The settlement after construction presumed from the middle plate is more significantly larger than that of left and right sides, hence, as the unloading basis of preloading drainage method in soft soil foundation treatment the settlement after construction which is calculated from the midline monitoring data of the road is appropriate. After 6 months the calculated post-construction settlements of the two sections are in the scope of the design requirement since they decrease with preloading time. The reliable basis is provided for the future design and construction of soft foundation in this area through the research results.

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