scholarly journals From the “Physical Symbol System” Hypothesis to the “Informational Man” Hypothesis—A New Worldview and Methodology of Psychology Inspired by the Two Informatics Revolutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
宗荣 李
Keyword(s):  
Symbol System ◽  
Physical Symbol System

The inherent structure and dynamic of intelligent human organizations

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Thow Yick Liang
Keyword(s):  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Knowledge Structure ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
Symbol System ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Interacting Agents ◽  
Inherent Structure ◽  
The Future ◽  
Physical Symbol System ◽  
Biological Entities

As humankind ventures deeper into the intelligence era, a totally re-defined mindset is essential to ensure its continuity. With the emerging new environment, human organizations must behave as intelligent beings, in the same manner as biological entities are competing for survival in an ecological system. They must learn, self-organize, adapt, compete and evolve. Thus, human systems can no longer be like machine. Consequently, the structures and characteristics of the industrial era will have to be dismantled. This shift in paradigm requires all human organizations to re-design their structure and operations around intelligence. Therefore, to strategize for the future, the first initiative human organizations need to adopt is to establish an intelligent structure, and to nurture an orgmind and its collective intelligence. A significant component of the orgmind is an intelligence enhancer comprising three entities, namely, intelligence, knowledge structure and theory. These entities interact continuously among themselves, supported by at least one physical symbol system. Eventually, the accuracy and appropriateness of the language used helps to enhance the engagement of the interacting agents in organization. In this respect, the ability to learn continuously, to adapt quickly, and to evolve effectively, is sustained by the intelligence enhancer.

Conscious AI at the Edge of Chaos

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Piotr Bołtuć
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Processes ◽  
Neural Nets ◽  
Symbol System ◽  
Chaos Optimization ◽  
Symbolic Computing ◽  
Edge Of Chaos ◽  
Learning Patterns ◽  
Physical Symbol System ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

The main problem for AI consciousness is to operate within the right kind of AI. We distinguish between the traditional computing (GOFAI), and the computing based on stochastic pattern optimization. The latter will be called here computing at the edge of chaos. Optimization of learning patterns, which is the gist of its success, often happens between the areas of too much repetitive order and those of hard to predict and control stochastic processes. This is to change the focus from the opposition of symbolic versus sub-symbolic computing; symbols can appear at different granularities and the hedge between The Physical Symbol System Hypothesis and neural nets seems no longer the most productive cut to make. Computing at the edge of chaos is promising for AGI, especially for AGI consciousness. The second problem for AI consciousness is to work with the right definitions of consciousness.

Darwin's mistake: Explaining the discontinuity between human and nonhuman minds

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek C. Penn ◽  
Keith J. Holyoak ◽  
Daniel J. Povinelli
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Symbol System ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Physical Symbol System ◽  
Dominant Tendency ◽  
Relational Capabilities ◽  
Representational Level

AbstractOver the last quarter century, the dominant tendency in comparative cognitive psychology has been to emphasize the similarities between human and nonhuman minds and to downplay the differences as “one of degree and not of kind” (Darwin 1871). In the present target article, we argue that Darwin was mistaken: the profound biological continuity between human and nonhuman animals masks an equally profound discontinuity between human and nonhuman minds. To wit, there is a significant discontinuity in the degree to which human and nonhuman animals are able to approximate the higher-order, systematic, relational capabilities of a physical symbol system (PSS) (Newell 1980). We show that this symbolic-relational discontinuity pervades nearly every domain of cognition and runs much deeper than even the spectacular scaffolding provided by language or culture alone can explain. We propose a representational-level specification as to where human and nonhuman animals' abilities to approximate a PSS are similar and where they differ. We conclude by suggesting that recent symbolic-connectionist models of cognition shed new light on the mechanisms that underlie the gap between human and nonhuman minds.

Frege’s Horizontal

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Heck ◽  
William G. Lycan
Keyword(s):  
Symbol System

Frege begins his exposition of the symbol system employed in his Begriffsschrift by introducing the sign ⟝, whereby, he says, “[a] judgment is always to be expressed” (p. 1 ).[The judgment sign] stands to the left of the sign or complex of signs in which the content of the judgment is given. If we omit the little stroke at the left of the horizontal stroke, then the judgment is to be transformed into a mere complex of ideas; the author is not expressing his recognition or nonrecognition of the truth of this. (Pp. 1–2)

Language as Symbol System: Islam, Javanese Muslem and Cultural Diplomacy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mochammad Arief Wicaksono ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Research Participant ◽  
Symbol System ◽  
Symbolic System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
Great Tradition ◽  
Linguistic Aspect

Islamic diaspora throughout the world has its own characteristics depending on cultural context in each region. Observing the characteristics of the entry process and the rise of Islam in Java in the past, Indonesia can be viewed significantly through a linguistic perspective. By focusing on the narratives of how Islam was constructed in Java by kiai, we will be able to understand that the pattern of the entry process and the rise of Islam in Java emerged through“language diplomacy.” There are various symbols which later became the symbol system in Islamic languages that were contextualized to Javanese language and knowledge systems. In other words, I see that language in this context is a symbol system. These symbols are a strategy of how Islam was “planted” and developed in Java. I will compare the symbol system of the language in the Quran as the Great Tradition of Islam with a symbol system on the narratives that a kiai expressed in Javanese society as the Little Tradition. By taking some narratives that the kiai gave to the Javanese Moslems in East Java region, this paper argues that the linguistic aspect in some narratives and Quran recitation which has the symbolic system of the language have an important role in planting and developing Islam in Java. This paper is based on ethnographic research-participant observation among Nahdlatul Ulama Muslim society in East Java, Indonesia and reviews Islamic narratives in society as an important unit of analysis.

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